• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.38-43
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• 2007

In this paper, a study is described on finding a relationship between discomfort and body pressure distribution. In the first step, experiments were conducted to find correlation between pressure distribution and discomfort. The experiments of 12 people on 9 seats were performed. In the second step, parameters and correlation coefficients were determined between the measured body pressure distribution and median values of the subjective evaluations of 12 subjects using psychophysical power law.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.111-111
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• 2004

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.739-747
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• 2022

In this study, the effect of augmented reality subtitle content on users was investigated by using a subjective evaluation method and a statistical approach. The human factor was defined as subtitle position and font size. Then, we analyzed the effects of the defined factors on human eye comfort and visibility. Ten participants conducted related survey evaluation tasks with a 1-minute break after viewing the content for 3 minutes.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.246-251
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• 2014

The recent rise of the three-dimensional television (3DTV) industry has led to a wide exploitation of the dual-lens stereoscopic camera. However, when the zoom-in function is used, it is possible that a camera object is magnified only with a fixed convergence point, thereby leading to visual discomfort. In this paper, we propose several methods based on which a convergence point can be adjusted to prevent visual discomfort during zoom-in for a dual-lens stereoscopic camera. Further, we produce 3D contents by applying the proposed methods to certain cases and at certain distances and conduct a subjective evaluation. On the subjective evaluation, 48 subjects watch the 3D contents created by the proposed methods and score the stages of the visual comfort. The result of the subjective evaluation shows that some of the proposed methods are more efficient than the others. We hope that these proposed high-efficiency methods can be applied to produce a dual-lens stereoscopic camera that allows convenient stereoscopic photography.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.1 s.203
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• pp.167-176
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• 2005

This study was intended to investigate the wearing conditions of shirts, and examine the preferred subjective sensation for shirt fabrics. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 469 university students (male students $45.3\%$, female students $54.7\%$) in the Cheongju area, Korea. Frequency, descriptive analysis, $\x^2$ and t-tests were used for data analysis. The results were as follows: Regardless of gender, most owned 4 shirts in the autumn, which were each worn once or twice week. Generally, patterned shirts were less favored than those with solid colors, regardless of gender, but the color of the shirts differed slightly according to gender. Most students gathered items from those displayed in the store as their source of information on shirts, and tended to purchase items worth $30,000\~50,000$ won at franchised stores with friends of the same gender. They almost always looked carefully at the size and brand, but the care label and fiber content were rather neglected during the purchase. While purchasing their shirts, the following elements were considered, in this order of importance: size; color; fitness; comfort; price; tactile sensation. Light, dense, soft, warm, wrinkle-free, dry and strong sensation of the shirt fabrics were the strongest preferences for a purchase. There were partially significant gender differences in the subjective sensation of shirt fabrics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.856-865
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• 2019

This study analyzed the effect of wearing a vest with an attached electric fan. Korean men in their 20s were given test "fan vests" equipped with fans on the chest, stomach, upper back, or lower back to wear. Participants wore them in a climate chamber set to replicate a summer environment (30±3℃, 75±1%RH, 0.2 m/sec). Subjective sensations and surface temperatures were measured. The attached fan on the front of the vest lowered the temperature of the vest and the skin surface where the fan was positioned, regardless of whether the wearer engaged in exercise. However, a fan attached to the lower back of the vest was effective in lowering the lower back of the vest as well as the upper back, back of the arm, and back of the neck. In addition, subjective evaluations indicated that a vest with fans attached to the stomach and lower back provided a cool sensation. However, it was confirmed that the design of an auxiliary tool capable of dispersing the weight is necessary since the weight of the fans can interfere with the comfort of wearing the vest.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2008

We analyzed the effects of regular Jjimjilbang(Korean sauna) exposure on the physiological responses in seven elderly farmers(Male=3, Female=4). Jjimjil training group took a bath in Jjimjilbang 8 times twice a week. Jjimjibang exposure was limited three times per day. Rectal temperature, total sweat rate, body fat (%), blood pressure, pulse, $Na^+$ concentration in sweat, and subjective sensation were measured during Jjimjil training exposure. The results are as follow: During Jjimjil exposure, changes of rectal temperature in male farmers were more stabilized than female farmers. The gradual decrease in total sweat rate and Na+ concentration in sweat was observed in both sexes. After Jjimjil exposure, the decrease in blood pressure was observed in both sexes, but not observed changes according to regular Jjimjil exposure. Subjective thermal comfort sensation was changed positively. In conclusion, the regular Jjimjil exposure has positive effects upon improvement in regulation of body temperature, blood pressure, and $Na^+$ concentration especially in heat tolerance.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.69-86
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• 2017

Objective: The present study is intended to develop an improved bus seat armrest design by evaluating various bus armrest designs from ergonomic aspects. Background: An ergonomic armrest design which considers the sitting postures and body shapes of passengers can improve the convenience and comfort of a bus seat. Method: Subjective satisfaction of each of five design dimensions (length, width, height from seatpan, shape, and angle) was evaluated for seven bus seat armrest designs in various sizes and shapes by 58 participants (28 males and 33 females) using a 7-point scale (1: very dissatisfied, 4: neutral, and 7: very satisfied). Improved bus seat armrest designs adjustable in length and rotatable to the left or right (sliding and rotating armrest, SRA) with a concave, flat, or convex shape of the upper part were developed by considering the preferred design features and the body size and shape in sitting posture and needs of passengers and then compared with a conventional armrest. Results: A bus seat armrest with a wide width (40~50mm), a long length (360mm), a lower height (213mm), and a curved shape was found significantly preferred in terms of comfort. The proposed armrest designs (SRA-convex, SRA-flat, and SRA-concave) improved satisfaction by 46~62% for length suitability, 184~216% for width suitability, 205~214% for angle suitability, 138~181% for contact area suitability, and 49~64% for height suitability, 138~174% for comfort, and 93~111% for overall satisfaction. Conclusion: The preferred design features and passengers' needs of bus seat armrest were identified and the SRA designs were recommended for better usability. Application: The ergonomic design process of bus seat armrest employed in the present study can be applied to designing armrests in various vehicles for better convenience and comfort.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.115-126
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• 2008

The construction of an athlete's tight-fitting garments is very important to the wearer in terms of athletic performance. Therefore pattern development of tight-fitting garments must allow for the full range of human movement and postures. In this study the relationship between the construction of a skate pants pattern and clothing fitting was explored with the aim of improving the comfort of the clothing. The four male subjects were university students between the ages of 20 to 24. Subjective wear sensations of the experimental garments were rated using a seven-point Likert scale on four consecutive days. While wearing the garments, subjects were asked to take five different postures including waist flexion, sitting and others. A Likert-type scale was used for the evaluation, with 7 points indicating the best fit in tight-fitting pants. Results showed differences in the front-rise length and back-rise length between basic pants(A) and modified pants(B,C,D) were -5.16cm and +5.64cm. Comparing the basic pants pattern(A) with modified pants pattern(B), the latter was superior to basic pants(A) in terms of pressure sensation and closeness of fit, but there was no significant difference. Among the four tight-fitting skate pants, A and B pants were superior to the others in terms of fitting and stability of waist and hip sections. In the case of the skate pants, the number of cutting lines in the pattern had an influence on clothing comfort. A minimum cutting line for tight skate pants was better than a maximum cutting line in terms of clothing comfort.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.419-435
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• 2016

The purpose of the present study was to suggest the design requirements for Korean naval duty uniforms by evaluating the physiological and psychological comfort while wearing the uniforms. Two sets of wear trials were conducted with summer uniforms(eight young males) and winter uniforms(seven other young males). The summer wear trial consisted of 10-min rest, 60-min exercise, and 10-min recovery at an air temperature($T_{air} $) of $33^{\circ}C$ and 62%RH, followed by 10-min recovery at a $T_{air} $ of $23^{\circ}C$ and 64%RH(total 90 min). The winter wear trial consisted of 20-min rest at $T_{air} $ $20^{\circ}C$ and 55%RH, 25-min rest, 30-min exercise, and 35-min recovery at a $T_{air} $ of 0oC and 43%RH(total 110 min). Rectal and seven skin temperatures, clothing microclimate, heart rate, oxygen consumption, total sweat rate, and subjective perceptions were measured during the wear trials. By evaluating the experimental results from the wear trials, we extracted the following psycho-physiological design requirements to improve the current Korean naval uniforms: (1) It is important to maintain the skin temperatures within their comfort range, which depends on the body region (higher than $30^{\circ}C$ in winter, but less than $35^{\circ}C$ in summer). (2) In summer, the feet should be protected from the high heat of the ship floor surface. (3) In summer, sweat from the back should be sufficiently absorbed and allowed to dry quickly.