• 제목/요약/키워드: Subjective Estimation

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Estimation of the optimal probability distribution for daily electricity generation by wind power in rural green-village planning (농촌 그린빌리지 계획을 위한 일별 풍력발전량의 적정확률분포형 추정)

  • Kim, Dae-Sik;Koo, Seung-Mo;Nam, Sang-Woon
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.50 no.6
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    • pp.27-35
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    • 2008
  • This study aims to estimate the optimal probability distribution of daily electricity generation by wind power, in order to contribute in rural green-village planning. Wind power generation is now being recognized as one of the most popular sources for renewable resources over the country. Although it is also being adapted to rural area for may reasons, it is important to estimate the magnitudes of power outputs with reliable statistical methodologies while applying historical daily wind data, for correct feasibility analysis. In this study, one of the well-known statistical methodology is employed to define the appropriate statistical distributions for monthly power outputs for specific rural areas. The results imply that the assumption of normal distributions for many cases may lead to incorrect decision-making and therefore lead to the unreliable feasibility analysis. Subjective methodology for testing goodness of fit for normal distributions on all the cases in this study, provides possibilities to consider the other various types of statistical distributions for more precise feasibility analysis.

Probabilistic Q-system for rock classification considering shear wave propagation in jointed rock mass

  • Kim, Ji-Won;Chong, Song-Hun;Cho, Gye-Chun
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.449-460
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    • 2022
  • Safe underground construction in a rock mass requires adequate ground investigation and effective determination of rock conditions. The estimation of rock mass behavior is difficult, because rock masses are innately anisotropic and heterogeneous at different scales and are affected by various environmental factors. Quantitative rock mass classification systems, such as the Q-system and rock mass rating, are widely used for characterization and engineering design. The measurement of rock classification parameters is subjective and can vary among observers, resulting in questionable accuracy. Geophysical investigation methods, such as seismic surveys, have also been used for ground characterization. Torsional shear wave propagation characteristics in cylindrical rods are equal to that in an infinite media. A probabilistic quantitative relationship between the Q-value and shear wave velocity is thus investigated considering long-wavelength wave propagation in equivalent continuum jointed rock masses. Individual Q-system parameters are correlated with stress-dependent shear wave velocities in jointed rocks using experimental and numerical methods. The relationship between the Q-value and the shear wave velocity is normalized using a defined reference condition. This relationship is further improved using probabilistic analysis to remove unrealistic data and to suggest a range of Q-values for a given wave velocity. The proposed probabilistic Q-value estimation is then compared with field measurements and cross-hole seismic test data to verify its applicability.

Analyzing Contextual Polarity of Unstructured Data for Measuring Subjective Well-Being (주관적 웰빙 상태 측정을 위한 비정형 데이터의 상황기반 긍부정성 분석 방법)

  • Choi, Sukjae;Song, Yeongeun;Kwon, Ohbyung
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.83-105
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    • 2016
  • Measuring an individual's subjective wellbeing in an accurate, unobtrusive, and cost-effective manner is a core success factor of the wellbeing support system, which is a type of medical IT service. However, measurements with a self-report questionnaire and wearable sensors are cost-intensive and obtrusive when the wellbeing support system should be running in real-time, despite being very accurate. Recently, reasoning the state of subjective wellbeing with conventional sentiment analysis and unstructured data has been proposed as an alternative to resolve the drawbacks of the self-report questionnaire and wearable sensors. However, this approach does not consider contextual polarity, which results in lower measurement accuracy. Moreover, there is no sentimental word net or ontology for the subjective wellbeing area. Hence, this paper proposes a method to extract keywords and their contextual polarity representing the subjective wellbeing state from the unstructured text in online websites in order to improve the reasoning accuracy of the sentiment analysis. The proposed method is as follows. First, a set of general sentimental words is proposed. SentiWordNet was adopted; this is the most widely used dictionary and contains about 100,000 words such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs with polarities from -1.0 (extremely negative) to 1.0 (extremely positive). Second, corpora on subjective wellbeing (SWB corpora) were obtained by crawling online text. A survey was conducted to prepare a learning dataset that includes an individual's opinion and the level of self-report wellness, such as stress and depression. The participants were asked to respond with their feelings about online news on two topics. Next, three data sources were extracted from the SWB corpora: demographic information, psychographic information, and the structural characteristics of the text (e.g., the number of words used in the text, simple statistics on the special characters used). These were considered to adjust the level of a specific SWB. Finally, a set of reasoning rules was generated for each wellbeing factor to estimate the SWB of an individual based on the text written by the individual. The experimental results suggested that using contextual polarity for each SWB factor (e.g., stress, depression) significantly improved the estimation accuracy compared to conventional sentiment analysis methods incorporating SentiWordNet. Even though literature is available on Korean sentiment analysis, such studies only used only a limited set of sentimental words. Due to the small number of words, many sentences are overlooked and ignored when estimating the level of sentiment. However, the proposed method can identify multiple sentiment-neutral words as sentiment words in the context of a specific SWB factor. The results also suggest that a specific type of senti-word dictionary containing contextual polarity needs to be constructed along with a dictionary based on common sense such as SenticNet. These efforts will enrich and enlarge the application area of sentic computing. The study is helpful to practitioners and managers of wellness services in that a couple of characteristics of unstructured text have been identified for improving SWB. Consistent with the literature, the results showed that the gender and age affect the SWB state when the individual is exposed to an identical queue from the online text. In addition, the length of the textual response and usage pattern of special characters were found to indicate the individual's SWB. These imply that better SWB measurement should involve collecting the textual structure and the individual's demographic conditions. In the future, the proposed method should be improved by automated identification of the contextual polarity in order to enlarge the vocabulary in a cost-effective manner.

Study on the Development of Program for Measuring Preference of Portrait based on Sensibility (감성기반 인물사진 선호도 측정 프로그램 개발 연구)

  • Lee, Chang-Seop;Har, Dong-Hwan
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.178-187
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    • 2018
  • This study aimed to develop a model of the program for automation measuring the preference of the portraits based on the relationship between the image quality factors and the preferences in the portraits for manufacturers aiming at high utilization of the users. in order to proceed with the evaluation, the image quality measurement was divided into objective and subjective items, and the evaluation was done through image processing and statistical methods. the image quality measurement items can be divided into objective evaluation items and subjective evaluation items. RSC Contrast, Dynamic Range and Noise were selected for the objective evaluation items, and the numerical values were statistically analyzed and evaluated through the program. Exposure, Color Tone, composition of person, position of person, and out of focus were selected for subjective evaluation items and evaluated by image processing method. By applying objective and subjective assessment items, the results were very accurate, with the results obtained by the developed program and the results of the actual visual inspection. but since the currently developed program can be evalua ted only after facial recognition of the person, future research will need to develop a program that can evaluate all kinds of portraits.

Frame Rate Conversion Algorithm Using Adaptive Search-based Motion Estimation (적응적 탐색기반 움직임 추정을 사용한 프레임 율 변환 알고리즘)

  • Kim, Young-Duk;Chang, Joon-Young;Kang, Moon-Gi
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.18-27
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    • 2009
  • In this paper, we propose a frame rate conversion algorithm using adaptive search-based motion estimation (ME). The proposed ME method uses recursive search, 3-step search, and single predicted search as candidates for search strategy. The best method among the three candidates is adaptively selected on a block basis according to the predicted motion type. The adaptation of the search method improves the accuracy of the estimated motion vectors while curbing the increase of computational load. To support the proposed ME method, an entire image is divided into three regions with different motion types. Experimental results show that the proposed FRC method achieves better image quality than existing algorithms in both subjective and objective measures.

Back-analysis Technique in Tunnelling Using Extended Bayesian Method md Relative Convergence Measurement (확장 Baysian 방법과 상대변위를 이용한 터널 역해석 기법)

  • Choi Min-Kwang;Cho Kook-Hwan;Lee Geun-Ha;Choi Chung-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.99-108
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    • 2005
  • One of the most important and difficult tasks in designing underground structure is the estimation of engineering properties of the ground. The main purpose of this study is to propose a new back-analysis technique in tunnelling to estimate geotechnical parameters around a tunnel. In this study, the Extended Bayesian Method, which appropriately combines objective information with subjective one, is adopted to optimize engineering parameters. By using only relative convergence data measured during tunnelling as input values in back-analysis, inevitable errors in absolute convergence estimation are excluded and 3-dimensional numerical analysis is applied to consider a trend of relative convergence occurrence. Finally, 3-dimensional back-analysis technique using relative convergence is proposed and evaluated using a hypothetical site.

Loss Information Estimation and Image Resolution Enhancement Technique using Low (하위 레벨 보간을 이용한 손실 정보 추정과 영상 해상도 향상 기법)

  • Kim, Won-Hee;Kim, Jong-Nam
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.9 no.11
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    • pp.18-26
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    • 2009
  • Image resolution enhancement algorithm is a basic technique for image enlargement and restoration. The main problem is the image quality degradation such as blurring or blocking effects. In this paper, we propose loss information estimation and image resolution enhancement method using low level interpolation method. In the proposed method, loss information is computed by downsampling -interpolation process of obtained low resolution image. We estimate loss information of high resolution image using interpolation of the computed loss information. Lastly, we add up interpolated high resolution image and the estimated loss information which is applied a weight factor. Our experiments obtained the average PSNR 1.4dB which is improved results better than conventional algorithm. Also subjective image quality is more clearness and distinctness. The proposed method may be helpful for various video applications which required improvement of image.

Vocal separation method using weighted β-order minimum mean square error estimation based on kernel back-fitting (커널 백피팅 알고리즘 기반의 가중 β-지수승 최소평균제곱오차 추정방식을 적용한 보컬음 분리 기법)

  • Cho, Hye-Seung;Kim, Hyoung-Gook
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.49-54
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    • 2016
  • In this paper, we propose a vocal separation method using weighted ${\beta}$-order minimum mean wquare error estimation (WbE) based on kernel back-fitting algorithm. In spoken speech enhancement, it is well-known that the WbE outperforms the existing Bayesian estimators such as the minimum mean square error (MMSE) of the short-time spectral amplitude (STSA) and the MMSE of the logarithm of the STSA (LSA), in terms of both objective and subjective measures. In the proposed method, WbE is applied to a basic iterative kernel back-fitting algorithm for improving the vocal separation performance from monaural music signal. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better separation performance than other existing methods.

Hardware Design of High Performance ALF in HEVC Encoder for Efficient Filter Coefficient Estimation (효율적인 필터 계수 추출을 위한 HEVC 부호화기의 고성능 ALF 하드웨어 설계)

  • Shin, Seungyong;Ryoo, Kwangki
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.379-385
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    • 2015
  • This paper proposes the hardware architecture of high performance ALF(Adaptive Loop Filter) for efficient filter coefficient estimation. In order to make the original image which has high resolution and high quality into highly compressed image effectively and also, subjective image quality into improved image, the ALF technique of HEVC performs a filtering by estimating filter coefficients using statistical characteristics of image. The proposed ALF hardware architecture is designed with a 2-step pipelined architecture for a reduction in performance cycle by analysing an operation relationship of Cholesky decomposition for the filter coefficient estimation. Also, in the operation process of the Cholesky decomposition, a square root operation is designed to reduce logic area, computation time and computation complexity by using the multiplexer, subtracter and comparator. The proposed hardware architecture is designed using Xilinx ISE 14.3 Vertex-7 XC7VCX485T FPGA device and can support 4K UHD@40fps in real time at a maximum operation frequency of 186MHz.

Effects of attentional dispersion, reason for waiting, and cue of time flow on the estimation of waiting time (주의분산, 기다림의 이유, 시간 단서가 기다림 시간 추정에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Go-Eun;Shin, Hyun-Jung
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.73-95
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    • 2012
  • Two experiments were conducted to verify how the factors of attentional dispersion, reason for waiting, and cue of time flow affect the perceived waiting time. In experiment 1, based on the characteristics of waiting experience that Maister(1985) suggested, levels of attentional dispersion and whether or not offering a reason for waiting were manipulated. Participants estimated elapsed time(the objective time was 10 minutes) using either prospective or retrospective estimation method. Overall results were that they overestimated the elapsed time regardless of the experimental conditions. However, both main effects of the attentional dispersion and the reason for waiting were statistically significant. That is, when attention was more dispersed and when the reason was given, overestimation of elapsed time was reduced. No difference was found between the two estimation methods, and none of the interaction was significant. Experiment 2 was a replication of Experiment 1 except that a cue of time flow was added by using scroll bar on a computer screen. Because it has been suggested that the cue can help us to manage the waiting time and result in differences between the two time estimation methods. The results showed that main effects of the attentional dispersion and the reason for waiting were significant as those in Experiment 1. In addition, main effect of time estimation method and the three-way interaction were also significant. None of two-way interaction was significant. That is, the perceived waiting time is much shorter in the retrospective method, and the effects of the attentional dispersion and the reason of waiting were dependent upon the estimation methods. Both experiments showed that offering a clear reason for waiting is more important than the attentional dispersion in reducing the perceived waiting time. Some implications of these results for the service industry and the future direction of research were discussed in the final section.

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