• 제목/요약/키워드: Sub-region

검색결과 1,795건 처리시간 0.029초

Dynamical transition of Josephson vortex lattice in serially stacked ${Bi_2}{Sr_2}{CaCu_2}{O_{8+x}}$ intrinsic Josephson junctions

  • Myung-Ho;Hu-Jong
    • Progress in Superconductivity
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.52-55
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    • 2004
  • The inductive coupling theory in serially stacked $Bi_2$$Sr_2$$CaCu_2$$O_{8+x}$ intrinsic Josephson junctions predicts that the lattice structure of the Josephson vortices along the c axis gradually changes from the triangular to the rectangular lattice with increasing the vortex velocity. This lattice transition appears as voltage jumps or sub-branch splitting in the Josephson vortex-flow region of current-voltage characteristics (IVC). We report the IVC in external magnetic fields from 2 to 4 T. The stack, with the lateral size of 1.4${\times}$15 $u\m^2$, was fabricated by using the double-side cleaving technique. The sub-branches in the Josephson vortex-flow region, corresponding to a plasma propagation mode in serially coupled intrinsic Josephson junctions, were also observed in the range of 2∼4T. Switching from one branch to another in Josephson vortex-flow region suggests the structural transition of the moving Josephson vortex lattice.

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Fabrication of SnO2/Zn Core-shell Nanowires and Photoluminescence Properties

  • Kong, Myung Ho;Kwon, Yong Jung;Cho, Hong Yeon;Kim, Hyoun Woo
    • Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.301-307
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    • 2014
  • We have fabricated $SnO_2$/Zn core-shell nanowires by employing a sputtering technique with a Zn target. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the surface of the nanowires became rougher by the coating. X-ray diffraction of the coated nanowires exhibited the hexagonal Zn diffraction peaks. TEM image of coated structures showed that shell layer was mainly comprised of hexagonal Zn phase. EDX spectra suggested that the shell layer consisted of Zn elements. The photoluminescence spectrum of the coated nanowires in conjunction with Gaussian fitting analysis revealed that the emission was disconvoluted with three Gaussian functions, which are centered at 2.1 eV in the yellow region, 2.4 eV in the green region, and 3.3 eV in the ultraviolet region. We speculated the possible mechanisms of these emission peaks.

제지공정의 실시간 결함 검출을 위한 영상 기반 웹 검사 시스템 (A Video based Web Inspection System for Real-time Detection of Paper Defects during Papermaking Processes)

  • 한종우;최영규
    • 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.79-85
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    • 2010
  • In this paper, we propose a web inspection system (WIS) for real-time detection of paper defects which can cause critical fractures during papermaking process. Our system incorporates high speed line-scan camera, lighting system, and detection algorithm to provide robust and precise detection of paper defects in real-time. Since edge defects are very crucial to the paper fractures, our system focuses on the edge region of the paper instead of inspecting the whole paper area. In our algorithm, image projection and sub-pixel operation are utilized to detect the edge defects precisely and connected component labeling and shape analysis techniques are adopted to extract various kinds of the region defects. Experimental results revealed that our web inspection system is very efficient for detecting paper defects during papermaking processes.

Conceptual Design for Accelerator-Driven Sodium-Cooled Sub-critical Transmutation Reactors using Scale Laws and Integrated Code System

  • Lee, Kwang-Gu;Chang, Soon-Heung
    • 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국원자력학회 1998년도 춘계학술발표회논문집(1)
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    • pp.660-665
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    • 1998
  • The feasibility study on conceptual design methodology for accelerator-driven sodium-cooled sub-critical transmutation reactors has been conducted to optimize the design parameters from the scale laws and validates reactor performance with the integrated code system. A 1000 MWth sodium-cooled sub-critical transmutation reactor has been scale and verified through the methodology in this paper, which is referred to advanced Liquid Metal Reactor (ALMR). a Pb-Bi target material and a partitioned fuel are the liquid phases, and they are cooled by the circulation of secondary Pb-Bi coolant and by primary sodium coolant, respectively. Overall key design parameters are generated from the scale laws and they are improved and validated by the intergrated code system. Intergrated Code System (ICS) consist of LAHET, HMCNP, ORIGEN2, and COMMIX codes and some files. Through ICS the target region, the core region, and thermal-hydraulic related are analyzed once-through. Results of conceptual design are attached in this paper.

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Preliminary Study on Chlorination Reaction of Lithium Carbonate for Carbon-Anode-Based Oxide Reduction Applications

  • Jeon, Min Ku;Kim, Sung-Wook;Choi, Eun-Young
    • 방사성폐기물학회지
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.225-231
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    • 2021
  • The reaction between Li2CO3 and Cl2 was investigated to verify its occurrence during a carbon-anode-based oxide reduction (OR) process. The reaction temperature was identified as a key factor that determines the reaction rate and maximum conversion ratio. It was found that the reaction should be conducted at or above 500℃ to convert more than 90% of the Li2CO3 to LiCl. Experiments conducted at various total flow rate (Q) / initial sample weight (Wi) ratios revealed that the reaction rate was controlled by the Cl2 mass transfer under the experimental conditions adopted in this work. A linear increase in the progress of reaction with an increase in Cl2 partial pressure (pCl2) was observed in the pCl2 region of 2.03-10.1 kPa for a constant Q of 100 mL·min-1 and Wi of 1.00 g. The results of this study indicate that the reaction between Li2CO3 and Cl2 is fast at 650℃ and the reaction is feasible during the OR process.

사불화탄소 플라즈마 반응에 의해 처리된 활성탄소의 CO2 흡착 성능 향상 (Improving CO2 Adsorption Performance of Activated Carbons Treated by Plasma Reaction with Tetrafluoromethane)

  • 민충기;임채훈;정서경;명성재;이영석
    • 공업화학
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.170-174
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    • 2023
  • CO2는 지구온난화의 원인 중 하나로 알려져 있으며 포집을 위하여 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 표면특성 변화를 통하여 활성탄소의 CO2 흡착 능력을 향상시키고자 사불화탄소 플라즈마 반응을 진행하였으며, 반응 시간에 따른 흡착 특성을 고찰하였다. 플라즈마 반응 이후 활성탄소의 미세기공 부피가 모두 늘어났으며, 최대 1.03 cm3/g까지 증가하였다. 또한 반응 시간의 증가에 따라 활성탄소 표면에 존재하는 불소 함량이 0.88%까지 증가하였다. 결과적으로 본 실험을 통하여 활성탄소의 기공 특성과 표면 작용기를 동시에 조절할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 표면처리된 활성탄소의 CO2 흡착량은 미처리 활성탄소에 비하여 최대 7.44%까지 향상되어, 반응 시간이 60 s일 때 3.90 mmol/g으로 가장 우수한 성능을 보였다. 이는 활성탄소 표면에 도입된 불소 작용기와 식각 효과에 의하여 증가된 미세기공 부피에 의한 시너지 효과 때문으로 판단된다. 또한, CO2 흡착량이 3.67 mmol/g보다 낮은 구간에서는 미세기공의 부피가 CO2 흡착에 더 큰 영향을 미쳤으며, 그보다 높은 구간에서는 도입된 불소의 함량이 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다.

Lu3Al5-xGaxO12:Ce3+,Cr3+ 형광체의 결정구조 분석 및 잔광성 발광 특성 (Crystal Structure Refinement and Persistent Luminescence Properties of Lu3Al5-xGaxO12:Ce3+,Cr3+ Phosphors)

  • 김지원;김영진
    • 한국재료학회지
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    • 제30권8호
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    • pp.413-420
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    • 2020
  • Lu3Al5-xGaxO12:Ce3+,Cr3+ powders are prepared using a solid-state reaction method. To determine the crystal structure, Rietveld refinement is performed. The results indicate that Ga3+ ions preferentially occupied tetrahedral rather than octahedral sites. The lattice constant linearly increases, obeying Vegard's law, despite the strong preference of Ga3+ for the tetrahedral sites. Increasing x led to a blue-shift of the Ce3+ emission band in the green region and a change in the emission intensity. Persistent luminescence is observed from the powders prepared with x = 2-3, occurring through a trapping and detrapping process between Ce3+ and Cr3+ ions. The longest persistent luminescence is achieved for x = 2; its lifetime is at least 30 min. The findings are explained using crystal structure refinement, crystal field splitting, optical band gap, and electron trapping mechanism.

Loss Analysis by Impeller Blade Angle in the S-Curve Region of Low Specific Speed Pump Turbine

  • Ujjwal Shrestha;Young-Do Choi
    • 신재생에너지
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2024
  • A pump turbine is a technically matured option for energy production and storage systems. At the off-design operating range, the pump turbine succumbed to flow instabilities, which correlated with the pump turbine geometry. A low specific speed pump turbine was designed and modified according to the impeller blade angle. Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes is carried out with a shear stress transport turbulence model to evaluate the detailed flow characteristics in the pump turbine. The impeller blade inlet angle (𝛽1) and outlet angle (𝛽2) are used to evaluate hydraulic loss in the pump turbine. When 𝛽1 changed from low to high value, the maximum efficiency is increased by 4.75% in turbine mode. The S-Curve inclination is reduced by 8% and 42% for changes in 𝛽1 and 𝛽2 from low to high values, respectively. At α = 21°, the shock loss coefficient (𝜁s) is reduced by 16% and 19% with increases of 𝛽1 and 𝛽2 from low to high values, respectively. When 𝛽1 and 𝛽2 values increased from low to high, the impeller friction coefficient (𝜁f) increased and decreased by 20% and 8%, respectively. Hence, the high 𝛽2 effectively reduced the loss coefficient and S-Curve inclination.

4성분 Li2O-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 유리들의 구조로부터 굴절률과 경도 연구 (Studies of Refractive Index and Hardness from the structures in Quarternary Li2O-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 Glasses)

  • 문성준
    • 한국안광학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.27-31
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    • 2002
  • 4성분 $Li_2O-B_2O_3-Al_2O_3-SiO_2$ 유리들을 $R({\equiv}Li_2Omole%/B_2O_3mole%)$$K({\equiv}(Al_2O_3mole%+SiO_2mole%/B_2O_3mole%)$에 의해 제작하여 유리들의 구조를 굴절률 (refractive index)과 Vicker's 경도(hardness)의 변화를 측정하여 분석하였다. 먼저, 굴절률의 증가는 유리 내부구조의 분극률을 증가시키는 $Li^+$ 양이온 수의 증가에 우선적으로 의존하여 증가하였으며, 적은 양의 리튬 산화물($Li_2O$)이 첨가된 영역에서는 굴절률은 리튬 이온 양에 의존하며, 많은 양의 리튬 산화물이 첨가된 영역에서는 큰 몰 부피를 갖고 하나의 비가교 산소를 갖는 $BO_3{^-}$ 단위들의 형성으로 유리 구조 내의 몰 부피 증가로 유리들의 굴절률의 증가가 둔화되었다. 그리고 알루미늄 산화물($Al_2O_3$)과 규소 산화물($SiO_2$)의 증가에 따라 굴절률의 감소는 $Al_2O_3$$SiO_2$에 의해 형성되어진 $AlO_4$ 단위들과 $SiO_4{^-}$ 단위들이 붕소 산화물($B_2O_3$)에 의해 형성되어진 $BO_4$단위들보다 몰 부피의 증가로 감소되어졌다. 또한, 경도의 증가는 유리 망목구조에 형성되어지는 $BO_4$ 단위 수에 의존하였으며, 경도의 감소는 유리 망목구조를 개방화시키는 $BO_3{^-}$ 단위 수에 의존하여 감소함을 알 수 있었다.

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미세먼지(PM10) 추세를 고려한 환경계획 적용 방향 제안 (Application of Environmental Planning Considering the Trend of PM10 in Ambient Air)

  • 윤은주
    • 환경영향평가
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.210-218
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    • 2020
  • 대기 중의 미세먼지(PM10) 농도가 꾸준히 저감되어 왔음에도, 미세먼지관리에 대한 대국민 인식은 악화되었다. 그 이유에는 첫째, 여전히 WHO기준을 상회하는 미세먼지 연평균 농도, 둘째, 환경기준(150 mg/㎥) 초과일수의 증가, 셋째, 체계적으로 지역 특성을 고려한 환경계획 수립 미비 등이 있으며, 이러한 현안을 보완하는 것이 시급하다. 특히, 국내 미세먼지의 관리는 배출원 저감에만 집중되어 있기 때문에, 지역별 미세먼지의 발생원인과 현상을 분석하고 차별성, 시급성, 적용 가능성 등을 복합적으로 고려하여 실효성 있는 환경계획을 수립하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 2010년 이후 10년간 전국 69개 도시의 미세먼지의 농도변화 추세와 현재 수준을 고려하여 4가지 유형으로 분류하고, 각 유형별 미세먼지의 관리방향을 제시하였다. 특히 과거 10년 동안 미세먼지 개선정도가 미비하였던 관리유형 III(중부 내륙지역에 분포)과 IV(대도시, 남해·동해에 인접)를 중심으로 그린인프라 확충, 바람길 및 적응대책(노출의 제한) 도입 등의 보완 조치가 우선 필요함을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서는 미세먼지 발생 원인을 함께 고려하지 못하였지만, 과거의 경향에 기초하고 현재의 여건을 고려한 중·장기적 미세먼지 환경관리계획을 수립하는데 필요한 통계적 기법 제시와 방향을 제안하였다는 의의가 있다.