• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.4338-4347
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• 2022

The CUPID code was developed and is continuously updated in KAERI. Verification and validation (V&V) is mainly done for light water reactors (LWRs). This paper describes a benchmarking of the detailed mesh level compared with sub-channel level for application to pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs), even though component scale comparison for the PHWR moderator system was done once before. We completed a sub-channel level comparison between the CUPID code and the ASSERT code and a CUPID code analysis. Because the ASSERT code has already been validated with numerous experiments, benchmarking with the ASSERT code will offer us more trust on the CUPID code. The target channel has high power and thus high pressure deformation. The high power channel tends to have a high possibility of critical heat flux (CHF), because a high void fraction and quality in channel exit region appear. In this research, after determining the reference grid and T/H model, we compared the sub-channel level results of the CUPID code with those of the ASSERT code.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.1876-1889
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• 2013

Packet-based mobile multimedia services for the Internet differ with respect to their resource requirements, performance objectives, and resource usage efficiencies. Nonetheless, each mobile terminal should support a variety of multimedia services, sometimes even simultaneously. This paper proposes a sub-channel allocation scheme based on multi-level priority for supporting mobile multimedia services in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) system. We attempt to optimize the system for satisfying the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of users and maximize the capacity of the system at the same time. In order to achieve this goal, the proposed scheme considers the Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) of co-sub-channels in adjacent cells, the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) grade of each sub-channel in the local cell on a per-user basis, and the characteristics of the individual services before allocating sub-channels. We used a simulation to evaluate our scheme with the performance measure of the outage probabilities, delays, and throughput.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2023

Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are non-selective calcium-permeable cation channels. It is suggested that TRPC4β is regulated by phospholipase C (PLC) signaling and is especially maintained by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₂). In this study, we present the regulation mechanism of the TRPC4 channel with PIP₂ hydrolysis which is mediated by a channel-bound PLCδ1 but not by the G_qPCR signaling pathway. Our electrophysiological recordings demonstrate that the Ca²⁺ via an open TRPC4 channel activates PLCδ1 in the physiological range, and it causes the decrease of current amplitude. The existence of PLCδ1 accelerated PIP₂ depletion when the channel was activated by an agonist. Interestingly, PLCδ1 mutants which have lost the ability to regulate PIP₂ level failed to reduce the TRPC4 current amplitude. Our results demonstrate that TRPC4 self-regulates its activity by allowing Ca²⁺ ions into the cell and promoting the PIP₂ hydrolyzing activity of PLCδ1.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the influence of the spinal adenosine $A_1$ receptors on the central regulation of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), and to define whether its mechanism is mediated by cyclic AMP (cAMP), cyclic GMP (cGMP) or potassium channel. Intrathecal (i.t.) administration of drugs at the thoracic level were performed in anesthetized, artificially ventilated male Sprague-Dawley rats. I.t. injection of adenosine $A_1$ receptor agonist, $N^6$-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA; 1, 5 and 10 nmol) produced dose dependent decrease of BP and HR and it was attenuated by pretreatment of 50 nmol of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine, a specific adenosine $A_1$ receptor antagonist. Pretreatment with a cAMP analogue, 8-bromo-cAMP, also attenuated the depressor and bradycardiac effects of CHA (10 nmol), but not with cGMP analogue, 8-bromo-cGMP. Pretreatment with a ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker, glipizide (20 nmol) also attenuated the depressor and bradycardiac effects of CHA (10 nmol). These results suggest that adenosine $A_1$ receptor in the spinal cord plays an inhibitory role in the central cardiovascular regulation and that this depressor and bradycardiac actions are mediated by cAMP and potassium channel.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.659-665
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• 2015

최근 네트워크의 전송 효율 증가를 위한 네트워크 코딩 기법에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 네트워크 코딩 기법 중 하나인 Random Linear Network Coding(RLNC)를 서브패킷 단위로 적용하고 이를 오류 정정 코드중 하나인 Low-Density Parity-Check(LDPC)와 결합한 결합 코드인 A Joint Sub-Packet Level Network Coding and LDPC 기법을 제안하고, 네트워크 코딩 기법의 특성을 동일하게 가지며 제안방법을 사용함으로써 발생하는 추가적인 오류정정 성능을 보이고자 한다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 여분의 패킷을 획득하였을 때, LDPC만을 사용하는 것과 비교하여 오류 정정 능력이 향상되는 것을 확인하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.799-811
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• 2021

This paper considers a challenging problem: to simultaneously optimize the cost and the quality of service in opaque wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. An optimization problem is proposed that takes the information including network topology, traffic between end nodes, and the target level of congestion at each link/ node in WDM networks. The outputs of this problem include routing, link channel capacities, and the optimum number of switch ports locally added/dropped at all switch nodes. The total network cost is reduced to maintain a minimum congestion level on all links, which provides an efficient trade-off solution for the network design problem. The optimal information is utilized for dynamic traffic in WDM networks, which is shown to achieve the desired performance with the guaranteed quality of service in different networks. It was found that for an average link blocking probability equal to 0.015, the proposed model achieves a net channel gain in terms of wavelength channels (𝛾_w) equal to 35.72 %, 39.09 %, and 36.93 % compared to shortest path first routing and 𝛾_w equal to 29.41 %, 37.35 %, and 27.47 % compared to alternate routing in three different networks.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제32권9A호
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• pp.888-897
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 802.16e OFDMA/TDD 셀룰러 시스템에서 Sector Throughput과 Fairness를 향상시키기 위한 상향링크 동적자원할당 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘을 설명하기에 앞서 상하향링크 채널 정보의 차이를 언급하고, Round-robin 알고리즘에 사용자의 위치에 따라 할당 받을 수 있는 부채널 수를 제한하는 기존의 FLR 알고리즘과 전송전력 최소화 또는 전송률 최대화 Inner Closed-loop Power Control 알고리즘을 적용함으로서 10% 정도의 Throughput과 공평성 측면에서 높은 성능 향상을 볼 수 있다. 또한 상향링크 채널 사운딩을 통한 상향링크 채널 정보를 이용하여 FASA 알고리즘을 수행함으로써 FLR 을 적용한 Round-robin에 비하여 31.8%의 Sector Throughput이 향상되었다. User Selection, 부채널 할당 알고리즘, 전력할당 알고리즘과 Simulation Methodology 등은 Part I 논문에서 이미 언급한 바와 같다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.849-854
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• 2005

The laminar flame concept in turbulent reacting flow is considered applicable to many practical combustion systems For turbulent premixed combustion under widely used flamelet concept, the flame surface is described as an infinitely thin propagating surface that such a Propagating front can be represented as a level contour of a continuous function G. In this study, for the Purpose of validating the LES of G-equation combustion model. LES of turbulent Premixed combustion with dynamic SGS model of G-equation in turbulent channel flow are carried out A constant density assumption is used. The Predicted flame propagating speed is goof agreement with the DNS result of G. Bruneaux et al.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.1667-1676
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 고속무선통신시스템에서 트래픽 특성과 CPICH(common pilot channel)에서의 수신 신호대 간섭 전력비를 기반으로 유동적으로 채널을 할당하는 스케줄링 기법을 제안한다. 제안 알고리즘에서 사용자에게 할당되는 채널수는 CPICH에서 측정된 신호대간섭 전력비 값에 매겨진 등급에 따라 다른 수의 채널이 사용자에게 할당되며, 이때 남는 가용 채널을 두 번째 등급을 가지는 사용자에게 할당하는 방식이다. 따라서 기존 알고리즘과 유사하게 시스템의 전송 수율을 유지하면서 보다 많은 사용자에게 서비스를 제공하여 공평성을 향상시키는 기법이다. 실험에서 MAX C/I 알고리즘에 비해 전송률은 조금 낮지만 채널의 효율적 분배인 공평성에서는 높은 성능을 보였으며, 비례공정 알고리즘에 비해 높은 전송 수율을 보였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.5035-5048
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• 2016

Nano scale networks are futuristic networks deemed as enablers for the Internet of Nano Things, Body area nano networks, target tracking, anomaly/ abnormality detection at molecular level and neuronal therapy / drug delivery applications. Molecular communication is considered the most compatible communication technology for nano devices. However, connectivity in such networks is very low due to inter-symbol interference (ISI). Few research papers have addressed the issue of ISI mitigation in molecular communication. However, many of these methods are not adaptive to dynamic environmental conditions. This paper presents an enhancement over original Memory-1 ISI cancellation scheme using maximum likelihood estimation of a channel parameter (λ) to make it adaptable to variable channel conditions. Results of the Monte Carlo simulation show that, the connectivity (P_conn) improves by 28% for given simulation parameters and environmental conditions by using enhanced Memory-1 cancellation method. Moreover, this ISI mitigation method allows reduction in symbol time (Ts) up to 50 seconds i.e. an improvement of 75% is achieved.