• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.37-45
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• 2020

The development process of deep learning is an iterative task that requires a lot of manual work. Among the steps in the development process, pre-processing of learning data is a very costly task, and is a step that significantly affects the learning results. In the early days of AI's algorithm research, learning data in the form of public DB provided mainly by data scientists were used. The learning data collected in the real environment is mostly the operational data of the sensors and inevitably contains various noises. Accordingly, various data cleaning frameworks and methods for removing noises have been studied. In this paper, we proposed a method for detecting and removing noises from time-series data, such as sensor data, that can occur in the IoT environment. In this method, the linear regression method is used so that the system repeatedly finds noises and provides data that can replace them to clean the learning data. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a simulation method was proposed, and a method of determining factors for obtaining optimal cleaning results was proposed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.244-251
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• 2002

Introduction: SLE is autoimmune disease to appear systemic pathology in the connective tissue. Perniotic LE is sub-type of chronic dermal LE which causes purple macules on the terminal part of body-nose, ends of fingers, heals, calfs of the legs, elbows and knees. Objective: The purpose of this study was to estimate the efficiency of oriental medical treatment and management on the SLE and perniotic LE. Subject: We studied 2 patients who visited and hospitalized in Daejon University Oriental Hospital Dept. of Dermatology, with SLE and pemiotic LE from April 2002 till May 2002 Method: We treated them with herb medication, acupuncture and in addition to we consulted western medication if they were needed Results: In case of SLE patient, we considered it to be Yeol-Dok-Chi-Seong, so we priscriped Ga-Mi-So-Dok-Eum1, 2 , Yang-Dok-Baek-ho-Tang first. and till 22 days of hospitalization, we considered to be Gi-Eum-Yang-Heo and priscriped Ji-Hwang-Tang-Hab-Cheong-Sim-Yeon- Ja -Eum-Ga-Mi. but it wasn't adjust and high fever was reaccurred. And till 24 days of hospitalization we priscriped Gal-Geon-Hae-Gi-Tang, and becomed to 25 days, high fever was disappeared and the patient discharged and she has remained generally good condition. In case of Perniotic LE, at first we misdiagnosed her disease as a acral lentiginous melanoma, and we considered it to be Gan-Soo-Yeol-Li-Yeol- Jeung and priscriped Cheong-Pae-Sa-Gan-Tang and transferred her to another hospital, but she was diagnosed Perniotic LE Conclusion: Considering the above results, in case of SLE, in acute phase, we could treat her with oriental-western treatment, and in relief phase, we could treat her with only oriental treatment very efficiently. but in case of perniotic LE, we misdiagnosed it as a acral lentiginous melanoma, but we could experienced very rare perniotic LE case. And also further study is needed on the SLE, and perniotic LE, and we have to systematize of dyagnosis and treatment system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.1143-1156
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• 2009

The SPACE code that is based on a multi-dimensional two-fluid, three-field model is under development for licensing purposes of pressurized water reactors in Korea. Among the participating research and industrial organizations, KAERI is in charge of developing the physical models and correlation packages for the constitutive equations. This paper introduces a developed wall-to-fluid heat transfer package for the SPACE code. The wall-to-fluid heat transfer package consists of twelve heat transfer subregions. For each sub-region, the models in the existing safety analysis codes and the leading models in literature have been peer reviewed in order to determine the best models which can easily be applicable to the SPACE code. Hence a wall-to-fluid heat transfer region selection map has been developed according to the non-condensable gas quality, void fraction, degree of subcooling, and wall temperature. Furthermore, a partitioning methodology which can take into account the split heat flux to the continuous liquid, entrained droplet, and vapor fields is proposed to comply fully with the three-field formulation of the SPACE code. The developed wall-to-fluid heat transfer package has been pre-tested by varying the independent parameters within the application range of the selected correlations. The smoothness between two adjacent heat transfer regimes has also been investigated. More detailed verification work on the developed wall-to-fluid heat transfer package will be carried out when the coupling of a hydraulic solver with the constitutive equations is brought to completion.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.307-318
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to identify topics for evidence-based clinical nursing practice guidelines in Korea. Methods: Data were collected from 330 staff nurses from 10 general hospitals and 53 nurses in charge of nursing education in 110 hospitals with over 500 beds. Using open questions, the nurses identified activities which could not be verified, which lacked consistency among nurses, clinical units and/or hospitals, which were not based on the up-to-date knowledge and which needed reform. The data were analysed by content analysis using a qualitative methodology. Results: Collected data consisted of 1882 clinical topics, which were classified into 50 topics, 207 mid-categories, and 456 sub-categories. The most frequent topics in order of frequency were medications, central line management, intravenous injections, urinary catheterization, perioperative nursing care, skin tests, pressure ulcer care, blood transfusions, laboratory examination-culture, respiratory care which were performed routinely in clinical setting by staff nurses. Conclusion: The research findings indicate the urgent need to develop evidence-based clinical nursing practice guidelines related to these research findings. Further research is needed to identify topics related to health promotion, and symptom/management of health problem.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.5
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• pp.1098-1113
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• 2021

Maturation process of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) could be prevented by the reduction of lignin content in terms of conventional breeding or transgenic technology. Alfalfa could exhibit higher leaf/stem ratio, with a concern of yield loss. The objective of this study was to compare forage yield and nutritive value of low lignin alfalfa and two reference varieties subjecting to two harvest intervals and three seeding rates. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split-split plot arrangement with four replicates, where harvest intervals (28-day and 35-day) were assigned to whole plots, seeding rates were subplots, and varieties were sub-subplots. The weighted mean nutritive value was applied to two production years of 2016 and 2017. Hi-Gest 360 (low lignin alfalfa) provided similar yield potential and increased nutritive value compared to two reference varieties. Over a two-year production period, alfalfa harvested at every 28-day interval provided more economic returns than those at 35-day interval. For the seeding year and first production year, five cuts made by the 28-day interval produced more yield than four cuts by the 35-day interval. Due to limited rainfall in May 2017, a sharp drop of the first cutting overturned the advantage of the five-cut system. Shorter intervals between harvests generally increased crude protein (CP) concentrations. The differences of relative feed value (RFV) between two harvest intervals tended to be great during the first and second cuttings. Overall, harvest interval had a large effect on nutritive value and a more significant effect on alfalfa dry matter yield than variety selection. Seeding rate did not affect alfalfa yield and nutritive value.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2021

Recently, the number and scale of projects being carried out within the enterprise are increasing. Accordingly, many companies are competitively introducing a Project Management Office (PMO) to efficiently manage these projects, allocate resources, and effectively link the projects and corporate strategies. However, the project manager who directly manages the project wants to receive support from the PMO in many areas for successful project management, but the project manager does not like to be interfered with by the PMO. On the other hand, the PMO may not be able to satisfy all the requirements of each PM as PMO oversees the entire project with limited resources. In addition, since the PMO must monitor and control the project and support the project according to the priorities of each project, conflicts with each PM can be formed. Therefore, in this study, based on the case of a company, the difference between the perceptions of PMs and PMOs about the importance of the required roles of PMOs is to be examined. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the core functions and sub-functions of PMO, which PMO members and PMs consider important, are different. It was identified that the PMs valued the PMO function that would be helpful for their successful project execution. On the other hand, PMO members revealed that they had a relatively high priority for the roles to monitor and control project performance for which they were directly responsible.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.49 no.11
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• pp.919-931
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• 2021

In the recent New Space era, Nanosatellites are being used to carry out space business and practical missions by private space companies, government agencies and military reconnaissance organizations, away from satellite system education tools. In Korea, the development of nanosatellite satellites, which started with universities at the center, is gradually being attempted by various subjects, including private industries. However, it is not easy to find relevant information to share the experience and prepare for the space environment test, test results, and the various problems that may arise in the process, which can increase the chances of mission success for nanosatellites. In this paper, we expect that the subjects who want to develop the nanosatellite(SNIPE) will be used as useful references for reducing trial and error and increasing the possibility of mission success by organizing the 6U-class space environment test, test process, test results and problems.

• Ocean policy research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.147-181
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• 2018

Currently, we are living in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. In the field of shipping industry, the MASS is a revolutionary game changer in the making arising out of such an industrial and technical innovation in the pursuit of radically challenging the pre-existing system of a human-operated vessel. Given this trend, the entire maritime regulatory regime, which has been designed by, and intertwined with, human seaworthiness, abruptly faces the most unprecedented normative confrontations now and increasingly in the coming days. As the constitution of ocean, UNCLOS, provides, every flag state is obliged to effectively exercise its jurisdiction to secure technical and human seaworthiness. Moreover, the coastal state may institute protective proceedings against vessels in respect of any violations of its laws to protect its marine environment in maritime zones of the coastal state. Further, UNCLOS acknowledges that the port state's authority extends to take administrative measures to prevent sub-standard ships from sailing within the ports or offshore-terminals of the state. These three jurisdictional functions will be required to more closely interface with each other than ever over the legal and political implications created by MASS. Although states' jurisdictional nuances are significant in this present world tilting back to protectionism, there are few articles to present jurisdictional issues of states and conceivable normative discourse with regard to MASS. This articles visits potential jurisdictional conflicts underlying MASS and tries to strike balance between contradictory interpretive approaches under UNCLOS while it is undeniable that this doctrinal research tends to strive to find justifications within the current framework of international law.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.441-447
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the effect of firefighters' social capital on subjective happiness. This research was conducted from Jun 12 to Aug 25, 2017, and a descriptive analysis, t-test, hierarchical regression analysis was carried out based on the results of a survey with 351 firefighters in Gyeonggi-do to verify the research hypothesis. As a result, it was revealed that network(${\beta}=.315$, p<.001), trust(${\beta}=.293$, p<.01), cooperation(${\beta}=.225$, p<.01) and trust among other sub-variables of firefighters' social capital had significant effects on subjective happiness. Based on the results, this research suggested that various measures to strengthen social capital would be required in order to improve fire-fighters' happiness: efforts to increase trust within the organization, political support for vitalizing formal network as a communication channel among firefighters organizations, encouraging interest in the community and promoting informal network such as volunteer work, developing transparency in operating the organizational policy and system, etc.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2019

Cadmium is a strong toxic heavy metal which presents in paints and liquid wastes and causes oxidative stress in fish. On the other hand, lead is widely used for different purposes, e.g. lead pipes, it targets vital organs such as liver and kidney causing biochemical alterations. The present study evaluates the effects of 60 days exposure to Cd and Pb either single or combined together in African catfish. Sixty-four fishes were divided into 3 groups and exposed to $CdCl_2$ (7.02 mg/L) or $PbCl_2$ (69.3 mg/L) or a combination of them along with control group. Activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) were estimated. Moreover, gill, liver and kidney were assayed for activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Individual exposure showed that both Cd and Pb significantly decreased LDH activity and SOD activity in the kidney. Pb significantly increased G-6-PDH activity and decreased GSH level in the gill. CAT activity in liver and kidney elevated significantly on Cd exposure while lead caused a significant depletion in the liver and significant elevation in the kidney. Both Cd and Pb significantly increased MDA levels in liver and kidney while Pb increased its level in gills. The combined exposure resulted in normalization of LDH, G-6-PDH activity, and CAT activity in liver and kidney as well as GSH level in both tissues and MDA in gill and kidney. The combination increased SOD activity and MDA level in liver and decreased SOD activity in kidney and GSH level in gills. In conclusion, the antioxidant system of African catfish was adversely affected by prolonged exposure to Cd and Pb. The combined exposure caused less damage than individual exposure and returned most parameters to those of controls.