• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.78-92
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• 1974

It is the purpose of this study to make clear the way in which people can lead a more desirable human life, that is, to ascertain the method of achieving therapeutic change through transaction between nurses and psychiatric patients. The various problems proposed by th9 above-stated aims of study can be shown, such as: What kind of influences does the method of a nurse′s communication have upon the response of psychiatric patients? 1) What are the general methods of communication used by the nurses? 2) Are there any differences between the control group and experimental group in the patients′ "Child" response? 3) Are there any differences between the control group and experimental group in the Patients "Adult" response? 4) What is the most desirable method of communication for therapeutic change in the patients? In an effort to solve the above questions this study attempted and managed to draw a random sampling of 200 patients being accommodated in the National Mental Hospital by dividing them into two groups, experimental groups and control groups, and recording the transactions between nurses and patients. In the course of carrying,: out this study, the experimental group was interviewed by the nurses specially trained In the P.A.C theory. and the control group interviewed at random by the nurses with no special training in communication. Further, the communication between nurses and patients in a free, relaxed atmosphere was allowed only for 15 minutes, whereupon the nurses were requested to make process-recording according to her memory of nurse patient transaction. The process-recording which recorded a series ol transactions between the nurses and the patients was analyzed according to Berne and Harris′transactional Analysis Standard. Through this standard, the writer of this study examined the significance of difference to compare the transactions brought forth between the experimental group and the control group. The following is a summary of the study which the writer of this thesis undertook. Hypothesis to The method of communication which the nurses usually apply to the patients will be higher in "Parent" than in "Adult". The communication which the nurses carried out in the control group turned out to be not significant between "Adult" and "Parent" Accordingly hypothesis 1. carne to be rejected. Hypothesis 2. The patients "Adult" response will be higher in the experimental group than in the control group. According to the result of a CR examination, as the communication showed a significant difference on P〈.01 level′ hypothesis 2 became affirmative. Hypothesis 3. The patients′"Child" response will be higher in the control group than in the experimental group. Hypothesis 3 proved affirmative since it showed an significant degree on P〈.01 level according to the result of a CR examination. Hypothesis 4 "Adult" response of the patient will be higher in frequency by nurses′"Adult" stimulus than nurse′s "Parent" stimulus Chi-square examination revealed significant difference on P〈.05 level. Hypo. 4 is affirmed. The following conclusions are drawn out based on the result of this study. 1) The generally used method of communication stimulus used by nurses for patients proved to be "Adult" and "Parent" in similar proportion. 2) The group in which the nurses could increase the patients "Adult" response proved to be higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Therefore, the communication (or stimulus) which has been applied in the experimental group can be said to be possible method of achieving therapeutic change. 3) Since the patients′"Child" response were higher in the control group than in the experimental group the communication method used In the control group was suggested as the less agreeable method of achieving therapeutic change than that used in the experimental Group. 4) "Adult" response of patient was elicited in significantly greater percentage when the "Adult" stimulus was used by the nurse. Therefore the most desirable method of-communication to give therapeutic change definitely was shown to be the "Adult" stimulus. Recommendations for further studies are as follows: 1) Studies on nurses′role perception in nurse-patient relationships. 2) Studies on patients′response to the method of communication used by nurses according to variables such as sex, social status, educational background, state of health. 3) Application of T.A, method to various groups of patients. 4) Study of various methods to improve student skill in use of process recording.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.85-93
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• 2013

Purpose: The study purposes were to describe the process of developing the Korean versions of the Six Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance (Six-D) and Student Nurse Stress Index (SNSI) and psychometric evaluation of the two measurements. Methods: This was a methodology study using a descriptive cross-sectional design with 51 nursing students in 4th year of university. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach alphas. Construct validity was determined by exploring correlations among Six-D, SNSI, objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), self-efficacy and grade point average (GPA). Results: Internal consistency reliability of Six-D and SNSI was acceptable with Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of .95 and .82. Correlation analysis to determine construct validity revealed that Six-D presented positive correlations with OSCE (r=.109~.272) and self-efficacy (r=.005~.161) and negative correlation with GPA (r=-.246~-.394), although all were not statistically significant. SNSI presented all negative correlations with OSCE (r= -.007~-.238), self-efficacy (r=-.246~-.394), and GPA (r=-.092~-.426) and were mostly statistically significant except OSCE. Conclusion: Six-D needs more evidence to confirm validity to predict observed clinical competency and theoretical relationships with self-efficacy and GPA. However, SNSI presented trends of expected relationships with relevant variables. Therefore, further research is recommended in testing validity of Six-D with other student populations.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1230-1242
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• 2000

The purpose of this research was to uncover the expertise of ICU nursing in Korea, and to describe nurses' practice based on the degree of skill acquisition. A total of 18 ICU nurses participated in the study. The data was collected through individual in-depth interviews and it was managed using the NUDIST 4.0 software program. The data was analyzed using interpretive phenomenology suggested by Benner. Four properties of expertise of ICU nursing were identified. These are 1) concern and love toward patients; 2) knowledge; 3) skill, and 4) abilities in interpersonal relationships. And the characterisitcs of four levels of skill acquisition, that is advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert, were described with exemplars. The results of this study might help nurse researchers clarify and elaborate on the concept of expertise in ICU nursing, and enable them to understand how the process of skill acquisition occurs in the ICU setting. They might also help nurse managers establish educational goals for ICU nursing for student or novice nurses.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.482-501
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• 1998

As an initial step toward the improvement of sexual education in middle school students, a survey on sexual attitudes and experience was done in Kangwon - Do, Korea. Questionnaires consisted of 68 items distributed to 240 boys and 240 girls from November 1 to December 20, 1996. Answers from 420 students were subjected to an analysis with SPSS. 92.4% of the girls experienced menstruation. Of them, 74.0% showed a negative reaction. 52.0% of the boys experienced night ejaculation. Of them, 81. 7% showed a negative reaction. Boys (64.3%) masturbated more than girls (17. 6%) (p= 0.0000). The understanding of masturbation was higher in boys than in girls (p = 0.0000). 87.2% of the subjects wished meetings with the opposite sex. During the meeting with the opposite sex, 12.9% of the students enjoyed drinking or smoking, 8.8% had intercourse. Boys(91.9%) watched pornography or porno-video more than girls(40.5%)(p=0.0000). 83.3% of the girls thought that both males and females should keep their virginity untill marriage. However, only 48.6% of boys thought that(p=0.0000). Of boys who had experienced sexual touch, 34.8% had intercourse. Of the 30 students(26 boys, 4 girls) who experienced sexual intercourse, 22 students had partners of the opposite sex and were friends. First intercourse 63.4% of these students had their in middle school period. The frequencys of sexual intercourse (more than 6times) was written by 12 students (40.0%). 24 students(16 boys and 8 girls) experienced sexual violence. As for dealing with sexual violence, 14 suffered by him or herself whill 7 students discussed it with a friend. There was a significant difference in the sources of information between boys and girls(p= 0.000), 36.0% had learned from an official sexual education source, usually from school nurses (74.0%). 92.6% of the students thought that sexual education was necessary. They believed that the appropriate person for sexual education was from a school nurse (53.1%) or from parents (19.5%). According to the above results, the following might be suggested: Realistic and future-directed sexual education material should be developed : Education programs to improve students insight and control sexual desire should be prepared: a systematic approach to activate the role of school nurse in sexual education should be prepared.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.161-170
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• 2002

Purpose: To evaluate community health nursing practice by nursing students for basic data to improve nursing practice education, and to determine the clinical practice experiences of nursing students at public health centers. Method: According to methodological triangulation, all data was collected from March 2001 to June 2001 through prepared questionnaires with 62 Participants, and in depth interviews with 2 Participants, and content analysis with 8 Participants. Results: 1. Clinical practice content was needed to make up professionally. 2. Clinical practice instructor was satisfied with teaching by community health nursing professor, but not by public health center nurse. 3. Clinical environment was perceived as good. 4. Clinical practice time was perceived suitable, but practice evaluation was given a low grade. 5. Experience of nursing students was grouped into 9 categories and 20 themes. 9 Categories are as follows: change of public health center image, difficulty in the personal relationship, positive personal relationships, doubt about the attitude, doubt about the task, tension, worth, ambivalance of the conference, feeling about the end stage of the clinical practice. Twenty themes are stereotypic of the public health care center: recognition, difficulty between tasks and interrelationships with the clients, decrease of self esteem due to deficiency of trust with the students, exchange of feelings in the relationships, the situation of clients was not considered, feelings were disregarded, not systematic, regarding students as supplementory manpower, independent work but not enough contents, anxiety & fear, self-trust, be skilled in the practice, pragmatic knowledge formation, understanding of the old person, self-study of oneself. live up to the expectation, consider as the job, dissolve the stress and impose burden, feeling the lack regarding active approach in the practice. Conclusion: The students have perceived the need of community health nursing through the clinical practice. Clinical practice of community health nursing requires content supplement, correction of instruction by public center nurses, environmental alteration, evaluation criteria set up. Experience of clinical practice in the public health center was as follows: Getting rid of the stereotype about public health center, nursing students comprehended variety and were worth while to do clinical practice in spite of tension& anxiety and fear. And they thought to be a community nurse someday.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.127-146
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the seven-hour sexuality education program for senior high school girl students and apply it to them to find out how this program affects their sex-related knowledge, sexual attitudes, and the self-efficacy of sexual behavior practice. The ultimate goal of this study is that high school girl students are to prevent unwanted pregnancy, STD and AIDS, after attending this sexuality education program. A non-equivalent control group pretest-post test design was used for this study. The number of experimental group consisted of 80 girl students and the control group was composed of 80 girls, too. A total of 160 freshmen from two commercial girls' high schools were selected by a convenience sampling method. This study was carried out in commercial high schools located in Daejeon, Korea from July 15th to October 31st, 2002. To discover the need for sexuality education, the researcher surveyed with a pre-designed questionnaire to 160 girls from the two different commercial high schools. The sex education curriculum was developed on the basis of the need of high school girl students for sex education survey results and literature review and a teaching-learning planning model and health belief model. The experimental group was taught the sexuality education program for seven hours from October 19th to 23rd, 2002 and each period continued for 50 minutes. The SPSS(10.0) Windows statistics software was used to analyze the data, along with frequency, percentage, $X^2$-test, t-test, and paired t-test. The instruments' internal consistencies were tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The increment of sex-related knowledge score after seven hour sexuality education was significantly higher in experimental group (t=-10.88, p=.000). 2. The increment of sex-related attitude score after seven hour sexuality education was significantly higher in experimental group (t=-2.67, p=.009). 3. The increment of the practice of self-efficacy of sexual behavior score after seven hour sexuality education was significantly higher in experimental group(t=-4.95, p=.000). In conclusion, sexuality education programs based on high girl students' educational desire, characteristics of development, a teaching learning planning model, a health belief model were effective to improve sex-related knowledge, sexual attitudes and the self-efficacy of sexual behavior practice of commercial high school girl students. This result can contribute to expand the school nurse's role in the sex education area and to develop theory-based school health nursing.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.268-284
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• 1995

This study was designed to test effects of nursing ethics education (NEE) on moral reasoning and ethical decision making of subjects. This NEE that was teached for 10 hours course was composed of these : Nurses' ethical code, moral responsibility, Moral value and professional accountability, Respect for human life, General ethics, Theory and Norms of biomedical ethics, Ethical decision making model and Discussion about hypothetical ethical dilemmas Twenty-five senior student nurses were sampled from four year college of nursing from Nov. 3rd, 1993 to Nov. 24th, 1993. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaires included two kinds of tests. Rest's Defining Issues Test was adopted to measure the stage of moral development, which was classified with the stage 2 (instrumental relativist orientation), the stage 3 (interpersonal concordance), the stage 4 (law and order), the stage 5A (societal consensus), and the stage 5B (intuitional humanism), the stage 6 (universal ethical practice). In particular, the level of principled thinking (P) was measured by summing these scores of the stages 5A, 5B, and 6. The possible range of P is 0 to 95. As for measuring the levels of morality and nursing dilemma, Crisham's Nursing Dilemma Test was adopted. This test generated the morality score(MS) and the dilemma score (DS). The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mc Nemar's test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results were as follows ; 1. For the Moral Reasoning both before and after NEE, The Mean score of the stage 5A was significantly higher than that of other stages.(P=0.0001) Before NEE, the mean score of the stage 4 was significantly different from stage 2, 3, 5A, and after NEE, different from stage 2, 5B,6. 2. The analysis of change of moral development level revealed that the score of stage 4 increased after NEE.(P=0.0004) 3. The Effect of NEE for the mean score of 5A, 6, P after education was significantly different by birth place. 4. With regard to the five dilemmas postulated such as forcing medication performing cardiac pulmonary resuscitation, reporting a medication error, informing diagnosis to terminally ill adult, and providing new-nurse orientation, the mean score of the MS and the DS was no significant difference with general characteristics of the students. Effect of NEE morality score and dilemma score after education was no significant difference. 5. As for the correlations between moral reasoning and decision making, the score of the stage 2, 5A, 6, DS was positively correlated with the scores of before and after. Positive correlation was also observed between the scores of stage 2 and stage 4, stage 3 and 6. On the other hand, the score of P was negatively correlated with the scores of stage 2 and of stage 4 and of stage 5A. The score of the stage 5A was also negatively correlated with the score of the sge 6.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.35-57
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• 1990

This study was conducted to provide information useful in developing a nursing curriculum. The sample consisted of 158 nursing students in Hanyang University and 34 faculty members who has taught them in their college & the practical area. Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire, which consisted of general characteristics of the students & their self-concept, teacher's perception of student's professional roles. The results are summarized as follows; 1. General characteristics of the students When the students applied for the university, they decided what they would specialized in. Because the motive of application for their major was simply based on their high school records, they were admitted to their university without previous knowledge of their major. The reason why they wanted to tranfer to another course after the admission was the same as above. The level of satisfaction of their major was the highest in Freshman, but in other grades the higher the;, grades were, the more they satisfied with their major and they had a better prospects about their speciality. 2. Self-concept in profermance for their major Self-concept in horne aspects was more positive perception than in social aspects & self control aspects. It resulted from tile fact that all students were females and the nursing uniqueness was based on the spirit of humanity & service. The students who had graduated from the high school in rural area wanted to tranfer to another course and taken counsel their personal problems with their parents had higher self-concept in horne aspects. As their grades were higher, the self-concept in social aspects bacame higher. The students who were satisfied with their major and took counsel their personal problems with their parents had more positive self - concept in social aspects. Self-concept in self control aspects was lower than other aspects. The students who didn't take counsel their problems with their parents, were burdened with their educational expenses and their curriculum had more negative self-concept in self control aspects. Therefore the university should be concerned about student's welfare and provide detailed orientation about their curriculum. 3. Teacher's perception about learner's professional role The role model of democratic group leader, role models for learners facilitator in a students' reach for knowledge and teaching based on soundly researched theory showed more positive perception than other factors. Their mean values were over 4. 32. The professionalism of allnurshing area, reinforcement with reinforcement for learning, nursing as part of the meaningful context of the whole showed nagative perception. Their mean values were below 3. 00. Therefore the nurse as a teacher should try to promote the locus of nursing profession and participate in their research actively.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.499-508
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• 2018

This research aimed to determine what male nursing students experienced in the course of serving in a medical care unit in the military and how this experience affected the nursing curriculum after they returned to school. This study was intended to provide basic information on nursing education for male nursing students. This qualitative research conducted a focus group interview to gather comprehensive data that are common among the subjects, in which 15 male nursing college students who experienced serving in a medical unit were divided into three focus groups. The results of this study identified five themes: 'recognition of the various role of a medic', 'caring ability and management of rare diseases', 'adaptation to different works in each military ranks', 'recognition of health care networks', and 'prerequisite learning of school subjects'. It was concluded that experience as a medic during military service helped to develop various capabilities, and these competencies were shown to guide students to demonstrate their abilities in a school environment or help accomplish their given tasks with confidence and establish interpersonal relationships as nurses in the future. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for demonstrating that male nursing student's experience as a medic during military service aids to reinforce not only personal and academic capabilities but also the skills needed as a nurse.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.61-74
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to determine the values of freshman nursing students and to determine changes each year over the four years of the study and to provide base data for curriculum and student guidance. The sample consisted of the freshman students who entered college of nursing from 1988 through 1991. The total sample was 358 students and data were collected during March of each of the four years. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation to examine the relationship between the subcategories of values and Duncan multiple range test to examine the relationship between the scores for each year and the demographic data. The instrument used in this study was the Survey of Personal Values and Interpersonal Values modified by UngYun Hwang and KyungHae Lee in accordance with L.V. Gordon's instrument. This tool provides scores on practical mindedness, achievement, variety, decisiveness, orderliness, goal orientation, support, conformity, recognition, independence, benevolence and leadership. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The nursing freshman students surveyed had the highest score for goal orientation (21.44) and the lowest for variety (17.13) on the SPY (Survey of Personal Values) and the highest score for benevolence (21.19) and lowest for leadership (17.00) on the SIV (Survey of Interpersonal Values]. In accordance with the standarized scores for Gordon's Spy for other' woman college students, the students in the study were between the 78% ile - 97 % ile and were in the 72 % ile 97%ile for the SlV. 2. When t-test scores were compared, no significant variation was found between the years for each of the values (P< .05). 3. A significant variation was found on variety, between 1989 and 1991 (P< .05), and between 1988 and 1991. The highest score was in 1991 in both comparisons. Supporting was also higher for 1991 than for 1988 (P< .05). 4. Religion and occupation of father did not show any significant differences (P< .05). There was no significant difference in values according to the student's religion or the occupation of their father. Students born in the metropolitan area had a higher score on variety than those from the rural area and vice versa on regulartiy (P< .05). The results of this study show that there is a higher score on values for'! University freshman than shown for freshmen in other universities reported from other research, To keep or promote values, it is very important that there be a systematic strategy of education and special educational programs.