• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.194-206
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• 2002

This article describes the major themes to change in historical and philosophical perspectives of science education that lead the US and Korean science curriculum reform movements since 1957. Inquiry teaching and criticism of teaching science as inquiry in the late 1950s and the 1960s, Science-Technology-Society (STS) Curricula, and Science Literacy and the 1980s science literacy crisis are discussed. In the US, three major curricular projects as responses to the scientific literacy crisis are exemplary such as the Project 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Project on Scope, Sequence, and Coordination (SS&C) initiated by the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), and the National Science Education Standards (NSES) published by the National Research Council. To identify how each set of national content standards differ, we compared specific content standards related to the theory of plate tectonics in Earth and Space science in grades 9-12 over the three national standards: Benchmarks of AAAS, NSES of the NRC, and SS&C of the NSTA. Against this historical background of the US science education reform movements, the curriculum reform movements in Korea is briefly discussed. In general, Korean science curriculum reform movements have reflected and resembled the recommendations of the US reform movements. In addition, it is important to note that throughout the history of curriculum revision in Korea, there have been continuing pendulum swings between a theoretical, discipline-centered curriculum and a liberal, humanistic, and student-centered curriculum, which pays more attention to students in terms of their interest and psychological preparedness. In conclusion, the sixth and seventh national science curriculum revisions reflect rather a student-centered movement by reducing technical and sophisticated topics, taking constructivism learning theory into consideration, and adding more STS related topics.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 2015

This study is to investigate how do elementary students' eye movements appear in cognitive process that they perceive science learning materials depending on motivation system of science learning. For this study we had a random sampling of 301, 6th grade students. And we had selected 32 students through the three tests for the final; motivation system test of science learning, a learning styles test, an Edinburgh inventory for handedness test. We were analysis the cognitive process during learning tasks for the selected student using eye-tracking equipment. The results of the research are as follows: First, when students see a science learning material, we found out that SL-BAS group that has tendency searched various areas than SL-BIS group in learning task. Second, results confirmed through the data of integrational count that students looked alternately texts, images and graphs in the learning material, SL-BIS group were more than SL-BAS group on integrated count, but they had a simple and insignificant eye movement. Especially SL-BAS students showed that integrated eye movement between texts, images and graphs in the learning material, and they explored important areas of the graph compared with SL-BIS group that there was no eye movement in graph. These results may be utilized as a useful resource for designing students' learning.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.375-407
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• 2009

This research is about Social Education, Reading Movement and Meaning of the Gyeongseong Library which observe from ethnic viewpoint. The result is same as following. First, The Gyeongseong library is the unique library which korean people build, and they thought very seriously. So, tried to keep this library for a long time. The Gyeongseong library supplied knowledge to Korean, although the life was not long. And, as ethnic business value of the Gyeongseong library was much, too. Second, the Gyeongseong library paid attention to child education and education of women as well as it is our country's first public library. And accomplished social education institution's role. Third, readers' of the library was that man was most and the fair readers was minor part, and student was mainly(distinction of sex and profession tendency). And literature, language study etc. got to read most.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.793-798
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• 2009

Hair cut is one of the best useful technical tool for hair styling. In this study using the rule of the layers of hair design, balanced for visual art, perceptual ability and form created by the principles of analysis and offer hair cuts and hair design of the representation of regions and even hair design as the basis of a student of Hair Beauty and all the people working in the field can create a variety of hair design puts the purpose to establish a basis. The result of this study can be outline as follows: First, the step line and the movement of the relationship between the law of the layers above and below the length of the same layer techniques, the same consists of a vertical cross-section of the overall round shape of the cut same layer is created and the appropriate volume and movement, the movement of low-layer round a little bit more feeling and expression is used when you want. High-layer used to want to move a lot of light and could see that. Second, the layer of the Law and over direction, lifting, section, the line control. weight control and analyzed by principle and the principle of the process of forming the written form was unknown. Third, hair design, the expansion of the expressive power of the law of the layers, and the section of the over direction depends on the presence of line control to express the length of the outline I had to, lifting the weight to adjust form controls, and the expression of Hair Design will be expanding the width. A hair designer, a layer style to create a zone he thought the law of the first layer formative area To further the reach will be a lot of research, leading up formative aspects of this research thesis do not have missing parts, or as a result of the Beauty of Hair Design and the width of a hair design education in the field can perform to help feed the reference materials that will be.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.347-355
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• 2023

Background: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy has been reported to be very efficacious for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other anxiety-related conditions. However, a review of the literature reveals the sparse use of this therapy in the field of pediatric dentistry. This study aimed to evaluate anxiety trends in pediatric dental patients during local anesthesia and extraction with and without EMDR therapy. Methods: Children in the age range of 8-12 years who required dental extractions were assigned randomly into two groups: an EMDR group (group 1) and a routine behavior management therapy group (group 2; receiving more traditional interventions such as tender love and care behavioral modeling, and distraction). Anxiety scores were recorded at four levels using the visual facial anxiety scale (VFAS) preoperatively, after therapy, after the administration of local anesthesia (LA), and after extraction. Results: Reduced anxiety was observed after the delivery of EMDR therapy, after LA administration, and post-extraction in the EMDR group compared to pre-operative anxiety scores of anxiety (P < 0.001; unpaired Student's t and Mann-Whitney U tests). In the control group, mild reductions in anxiety after routine behavior management therapy were observed, accompanied by spikes in anxiety levels after LA and extractions. Conclusion: EMDR therapy was found to be valuable for reducing anxiety among pediatric dental patients during tooth extraction procedures.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.397-403
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the immediate effects of five toed shoes on foot structure. Subjects consisted of 26 college-aged women with pes planus. X-ray analysis of student feet were performed both barefooted and with five toed shoes. Dependent variables were hallux valgus angle, calcaneal inclination angle, 1st metatarsal declination angle, and intermetartarsal angle. Independent t-test was used for statistical analysis along with SAS. Overall, there were statistically significant changes of test subject's dependent variables when wearing five toed shoes. Specifically, the hallux valgus angle decreased, the calcaneal inclination angle and 1st metatarsal inclination angle increased, and intermetatasal angles both increased and decreased, shifting towards normal range. In every case the dependent variables shifted towards a more normal range while subjects wore five toed shoes. This study only examined the immediate corrective effects of five toed shoes on foot structure, but long-term studies are needed to understand the prolonged effects of five toed shoes on foot structure.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.87-100
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• 2007

This paper is intended to document the development of the Mathematics across the Curriculum (MAC) movement, following a mathematics problem solving model. Of course, just as new, related problems often arise after we have completed the solution of a current mathematics problem, so too, many questions remain regarding the future of MAC. Although preliminary assessments have been favorable, no broad-based evaluation of the impact of MAC has been conducted. To what extent has the promise of increased student understanding of mathematics and its connections to other disciplines been realized? What can be done to overcome logistical obstacles preventing instructors from working together in real schools settings? Are changes in institutional culture and relationships among academics merely transitory? Is the development of a strong base of curricular materials forthcoming? In other words, will MAC reach a level of educational permanence, or ultimately be discarded as another interesting, but unmanageable instructional fad?

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2000

측발유동을 받는 일렬 군말뚝의 그룹효과를 파악하이 위해 3차원 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 국내의 대표적인 화강풍화토 지반에 선단지지된 말뚝을 대상으로 측방으로 지반변위 발생시 말뚝 두부조건과 중심간격(2.5D, 5.0D, 7.0D, 단독말뚝) 및 말뚝주면의 접촉효과를 고려한 군말뚝의 상호작용계수를 산정하였다. 본 연구 결과, 단독말뚝과 비교하여 군말뚝의 간격이 좁아짐에 따라 상호작용계수는 현저하게 감소하였으며 말뚝 두부조건이 회전구속, 힌지,자유단의 순으로 감소정도가 크게 나타났다. 이는 실내모형실험을 통해 산정된 상호작용계수와도 비교적 잘 일치함을 보였다.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2012

This report is devoted to the problems of Mongolian Railway Transportation Safety such as high length of wagon service life, defects due to the more factors of exploitation, idle time, increase of faults, poor condition of repairing shops and more hand and mechanical operations and these conditions are quite difficult to meet the safety and reliability of increasing transportation from day to day. The paper discusses that the most optimum solution is diagnosing before occurring wear, breakdown, and defects on the basis of studying characteristics of structural material breakdown, residual methods of voltage, effects of material hardness and linear defects of a crystal net and the reform of machines is very important to implement it. It focuses the structures, characteristics of the material transportation and tests and analyses of the wagon cart which has to meet the traffic safety of wagons and slow and soft movement. The study is done on the wagon chassis which has to meet the traffic safety of luggage wagons.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.85-99
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the EMT student's attitude to the disabled and provide the basic materials of educational program to make them have right awareness and attitude of the disabled. Methods: The subjects of this study were 348 of 339 emergency medical students at three departments of emergency medical in G metropolitan city who gave consent to take part in the research and the data were collected for 10 days from Mar. 2 to 11, 2011. It used DFS (Disability Factor Scale) developed by Siller (1967) and revised and complemented by Lee Jong Nam (1997) after validity and reliability test. Data collected were analyzed with technical statistics, t-test and ANOVA using SPSS/ PC 12.0 Results: The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. On the question that there are the disabled around the subjects, 74.7% of the respondents answered 'none', and on the question of having concerns on the disabled problems, 61.5% of the respondents answered 'they have no concerns on them'. In addition, on the question of effective methods for improving a negative awareness of the disabled, many of subjects responded the governmental support must be a priority. 2. The subjects' attitude to the disabled scored average 3.13 and they have positive attitude to the disabled. In six sub-areas of attitude to the disabled, tension in contact with the disabled scored 2.90, inferred emotional disorder 2.79, unconditional repulsion 2.78, refusal to friendly relation 2.74, limitation of other functions undamaged 2.66 and distorted identification 2.65. 3. Variable showing a significant difference in the results of analysis according to general characteristics of subjects was age and those who are over '21' showed more positive attitude to the disabled than those who are below '20'. 4. In the results of analysis according to the subjects' disability related characteristics, those who have the disabled in their friends or family and have concerns on the disabled problems have a positive attitude to the disabled. Promotion and education through mass communication for changing the awareness of the disabled into a positive attitude will be most effective. Conclusion: Consequently, positive attitude of EMT student's to the disabled can be fostered by continuous contact with the disabled and their participation in voluntary services in the dimension of individual or school will be important and also the various practical methods such as enlightenment movement and supply of right information through mass communication should be sought.