• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.387-392
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• 2020

A serological survey was performed using ELISA to estimate the prevalence of tissue and luminal helminthic infections among hospital patients in Hanoi region, Vietnam. An overall seroprevalence of tissue and luminal helminthiases was 64.0% (95% CI 61.2-66.8) among 1,120 patients who visited Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Vietnam in 2018. The highest seroprevalence was observed against Toxocara spp. (59.0%), followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (46.3%), Gnathostoma spp. (25.5%), cysticercus (12.8%), Angiostrongylus cantonensis (10.5%), Fasciola spp. (11.1%), and Clonorchis sinensis (8.7%). Mono-infection by one species (11.1%) was lower than multiple infections (53.0%) (P<0.05). The seroprevalence in males (59.3%) was lower than in females (66.2%) but not statistically significant (P>0.05). Children (<15 years) revealed lower seroprevalence (34.0%) than adults (68.4%), and the age group 51-70 years revealed the highest seroprevalence (76.0%). Among the seropositive patients, eosinophilia (≥8.0%) was noted in 80.2%. The present results suggested active transmission of various tissue and luminal helminths among people in Hanoi, Vietnam.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.259-267
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• 2019

Five free-living nematode species belonging to the order of Rhabditida are described for the first time in Korea. Two unrecorded species of Rhabditidae, Cruznema tripartitum (Linston, 1906) Zullini, 1982, and Poikilolaimus oxycerca de Man, 1895, and one species of Peloderidae, Pelodera strongyloides Schneider, 1860, were collected in Korea. C. tripartitum has nine pairs of genital papillae arranged in 2+2+1+4 differently from similar species of C. scarabaeum which has ten genital papillae arranged in 2+1+4+3. Poikilolaimus oxycerca has shorter tail (shorter than anal body diameter) compared to similar species of P. regenfussi which has longer tail(longer than anal body diameter). Pelodera strongyloides has shorter tail(1-1.5 times anal body diameters long) than P. punctata (4 anal body diameters long). Two unrecorded species of Panagrolaimidae, Panagrolaimus apicatus Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938 and Panagrolaimus rigidus (Schneider, 1866) Thorne, 1937 were collected in Korea. P. apicatus has rounded and lower lip compared to similar species, P. margaretae Massey, 1964 which has finely pointed lip. P. rigidus has slender tail and lips rounded and flat barely separated when compared to similar species, P. subelongatus(Cobb, 1914) Thorne, 1937 which has plumper tail and lips are well separated.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.8.1-8.12
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• 2023

Background: Intestinal parasites in livestock cause huge economic setbacks. Moreover, these parasites can threaten human health when also present in companion animals. Objectives: The study examined the prevalence and burden of intestinal parasites among roaming/migrating animals (goats, sheep, cattle, and dogs) to provide insights into the risk of potential human parasitic infections. Methods: A total of 1,741 fecal samples from goats (n = 920), sheep (n = 335), cattle (n = 230) and dogs (n = 256) were obtained randomly across 18 local government areas in Edo State, Nigeria. The parasite samples were recovered and identified under a microscope. Molecular tools were used to identify Toxocara spp. Results: Eighteen different parasites were isolated. Among the different groups of parasites observed, nematodes occurred the most, followed by protozoans. Among nematodes, Haemonchus was most prevalent in goats (28.04%) and sheep (29.85%), while Strongyloides (10.86%) and Bunostomum (8.69%) were relatively high in cattle. Strongyloides (3.9%), hookworm (3.9%), and Toxocara (3.12%) were the predominant parasites in dogs. For protozoan parasites, Eimeria was most common in all 4 animal hosts. Several goats (2.39%) and sheep (2.38%) tested positive for Fasciola spp. Molecular analysis confirmed Toxocara canis in dogs for the first time in Nigeria. Conclusions: The major parasites recovered from these roaming/migrating animals have zoonotic potentials that can threaten human health.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.68 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2010

Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode that is a parasite to humans. The infecting filariform larvae of S. stercoralis enters the host body via the bloodstream, passes through the lungs, penetrates the alveoli, and then ascends the airway to transit down the esophagus into the small bowel. The infection can persist for decades without causing major symptoms and can elicit eosinophilia of varying magnitudes. Of note, this infection can also develop into a disseminated, often fatal, disease (hyperinfection) in patients receiving immunosuppressive corticosteroids. A 65-year-old man who was receiving corticosteroid therapy for the treatment of spinal stenosis was admitted to the emergency room with complaints of abdominal pain and severe dyspnea. We detected many S. stercoralis larvae in the sputum and in the bronchoalveolar-lavage sample collected by bronchoscopy. Here, we report a fatal case of strongyloidiasis with acute respiratory failure and intestinal perforation. In addition, we provide a brief review of the relevant medical literature.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2018

Some small mammals occur as household pests and harbour a number of parasites that could be of public health importance. This study profiled the helminth and protozoan parasites in trapped small mammals within and around human dwelling places (houses) located across 4 major towns (Auchi, Benin, Ekpoma, and Uromi) and environs in Edo state, Nigeria. Six genera (Apodemus sp., Crocidura sp., Mastomys natalensis, Mus musculus, Rattus sp., and Sorex sp.) were identified from 502 trapped small mammals. Overall, M. musculus (71.9%) and Rattus rattus (20.1%) were the most frequently trapped. In total, on examination of blood, gastrointestinal contents, and brain tissues, 12 helminth taxa (Angiostrongylus sp., Aspicularis sp., Capillaria sp., Gongylonema sp., Heterakis spumosa, Hymenolepis diminuta, Hymenolepis nana, Mastophorus muris, Moniliformis moniliformis, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Strongyloides sp., Trichosomoides sp., and Trichuris sp.), and 6 protozoan parasites (Babesia sp., Trypanosoma lewisi, Plasmodium sp., Eimeria sp., Isospora sp., and Toxoplasma gondii) were isolated. Most prevalent helminths with relatively heavy mean intensity were Strongyloides sp. and Heterakis spumosa, while Plasmodium, Eimeria, and Isospora were the most prevalent protozoan parasites. Generally, intrinsic factors like sex and age had marginal influence on the rate and burden of infection in M. musculus and R. rattus. Although the infection rate and prevalence of zoonotic parasites were low, they were largely recovered in rodents from Ekpoma. This study elucidates the public health implication of the presence of zoonotic parasites in these small mammals.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2018

Intestinal parasitic infections remain a major public health problem in many parts of Thailand, particularly in rural areas. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among the people living in Huai Sai sub-district, Bang Khla district, Chachoengsao Province, central Thailand. A cross-sectional survey was carried out from June 2017 to August 2017 which included a total of 224 participants. Stool samples were examined using a simple direct smear and formalin ethyl acetate concentration technique. Association between risk factors and intestinal parasitic infections was assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 16.1%. Soil-transmitted helminth infections (14.3%) were more common than protozoan infections (1.8%). The most common intestinal parasites were hookworms (6.7%) followed by Strongyloides stercoralis, (5.0%), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.3%) and Trichuris trichiura (1.3%). Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (1.0%), Giardia intestinalis (0.4%), and Blastocystis hominis (0.4%) were the protozoans identified. A high prevalence of infections was found in male participants of ${\geq}40years$ who raised dogs in the households and did not wear boots while working fields. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association of intestinal parasitic infections with gender with the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.4 and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.1-5.2 (P=0.020). The results showed a high prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections among adults in rural communities which were particularly apparent regarding the skin-penetrating species of nematodes. A greater focus on intervention is required by improving sanitation and personal hygiene to prevent the spread of intestinal parasitic infections.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.221-226
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• 1988

A 73-year-old Korean male was admitted to Jeil hospital with clinical complaints of backache, cough, sputum, vomiting and diarrhea. He had a history of long term administration of prednisolone. At admission he was comatose and showed Efneralized pitting edema and anasarca, Laboratory data revealed leukocytosis, hlvpoproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia, sepsis, anemia and brown-colored urine. Stool examination revealed rhabditiform nematode larvae. By fecal cultivation, filariform larvae of Strongyloides were obtained and the patient was diagnosed as hyperinfection syndrome due to 5. stercoralis infection. On the 3rd day of hospitalization, albendazole treatment was started and continued for 4 days. On the 7th day of hospitalization, sputum revealed filariform larvae. Total 619 parasitic adult females, ellpelled by chemotherapy, were collected from the diarrheal stool. However, the. patient was discllarged hopelessly and died at home.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.309-314
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• 1975

In survey for internal parasites of 395 heads of swine by fecal examination at ict, incidences of each parasite were obtained as follows: Giardia lamblia 1.0% Entamoehaspp. 55.4 Eimeria& Isospora spp. 22.5 Balantidium coli 66.6 Metastrongylus elongatus 17.6 Ascaris suum 25.6 Oesophagostomun dentatum 29.1 Hyostrongylus ryubidus 14.6 Trichuris suis 4.2 Strongyloides ransomi 7.2 Mecistocirrus digitatus 1.0 Check-list for the internal parasites of swine made by all the materials repor years from 1920 to 1975 in Korea is as follows: No. Parasites Habitat References 1. Ascaris lumbricoides small intestine Kawamura(1923) 2. Oesophagostomum dentatum large intestine Kawamura(1923) 3. Echinococcus veterinorum lung & liver Kawamura(1923) 4. Cysticercus cellulosae muscle Yunoba(1923) 5. Sarcooystis sp. muscle Arahayase(1927) 6. Entamoeba polecki intestine Kuwabara(1931) 7. Balantidium coli large intestine Huruyama(1931) 8. Metastrongylus elongatus lung Lee(1956) 9. Gongylonema pulckrum oesophagus Isshiki(1960) 10. Ascarops strongylina stomach Isshiki(1960) 11. Cysticercus tenuicollis peritoneum Isshiki(1960) 12. Cysticercus bovis? diaphragm Isshiki(1960) 13. Toxoplasma gondii interna organs Mun(1960) 14. Trichuris suis large intestine Lee et al.(1963) 15. Stephamirus dentatus feces Lee et al.(1963) 16. Spirometra mansonides fat layer of muscle Jang(1964) 17. Hyostrongylus rubidus stomach Kim et al.(1969) 18. Strongyloides ransomi feces Kim et al.(1969) 19. Eimeria perminuta feces Jang(1972) 20. E. debrieki feces Jang(1972) 21. E. polita feces Jang(1972) 22. E. scabra feces Jang(1972) 23. E. scrofae feces Jang(1972) 24. Isospora suis feces Jang(1972) 25. Entamoeba coli feces Jang(1975) 26. Mecistocirrus digitatus feces Jang(1975) 27. Giardia lamblia feces Jang(1975).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1998

An in uitro culture technique was established for harvesting Strongwloides venezuelensis free-living infective larvae using a nutrient broth medium as a substitute for rat-feces in polyvinyl culture bags ($10{\;}{\times}{\;}12{\;}cm$). The egg hatch rate V) in sterile saline at different incubation temperatures (X) was expressed as the quadratic function, Y = $-0.192X^2$ + 8.673x - 19.550 (r = 0.901). The highest (100%) egghatch rate was observed at $25^{\circ}C$. A significant difference (p<0.05) in development rate W) of free-living infective larvae was observed between different concentrations of nutrient broth (X) which was highest (20.6%1 in 0.12% nutrient broth concentrations, incubated at $20^{\circ}C$ for 5 days [Y = $-864.032X^2$ + 245.995X- 0.560 (r = 0.875)]. Yields (Y) of infective larvae were observed relatively high when the culture medium was incubated at higher temperatures (X) which peaked at $25^{\circ}C$ (20.0%) than at lower temperatures. $15^{\circ}C$M (10.9%) and $20^{\circ}C$ (18.1%) [Y = $-0.189X^2$ + 8.387x- 72.795 (r = 0.981)]. The period W) required for the development of infective larvae decreased with higher incubation temperatures (X) [Y = $0.035X^2$ - 2.025X + 32.375 (r = 0.995)] The highest yield (19.2%) of infective larvae was obtained from culture bag inoculated with 15.000 eggs than with below and over 15,000 eggs in 0.12% nutrient broth and incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 4 days. The newly adapted culture method (from egg to third-stage larva) may be useful as a bio-bar/bioassay system for screening new chemical products, anthelmintics and pesticides, as well as for parasito immunological studies with Strongwloides species.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.399-404
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• 1999

In order to monitor the parasites, 635 fecal samples were taken from quail in Chonbuk area. The isolation and identification of the parasites were determined by the fecal examination using the floatation and microscopical examination, respectively. The detection rate of the eggs and unsporulated oocysts from the intestine and feces were 37.8%(240 heads). In the concerns of complicated infection, infection with single, double and triple were 43.4%(217 heads), 3.4%(22 heads) and 0.1%(1 heads), respectively. The parasites isolated were identified as eimeria spp from 205 heads, strongyloides avium from 36 heads and demanyssus spp from 23 heads.