• ETRI Journal
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1007-1021
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• 2023

Stroke is the leading cause of permanent disability in adults, and it can cause permanent brain damage. According to the World Health Organization, 795 000 Americans experience a new or recurrent stroke each year. Early detection of medical disorders, for example, strokes, can minimize the disabling effects. Thus, in this paper, we consider various risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of stoke and machine learning algorithms, for example, the decision tree, random forest, and naive Bayes algorithms, on patient characteristics survey data to achieve high prediction accuracy. We also consider the semisupervised self-training technique to predict the risk of stroke. We then consider the near-miss undersampling technique, which can select only instances in larger classes with the smaller class instances. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method obtains an accuracy of approximately 98.83% at low cost, which is significantly higher and more reliable compared with the compared techniques.

• Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.347-351
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• 2023

Intracranial aneurysms arise in 1-2% of the population and usually present as hemorrhagic strokes. Spontaneous thrombosis of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm occurs in 1-3% and most commonly in giant aneurysms, with complete thrombosis in just 13-20% of the cases. Thrombosis of smaller aneurysms is rare. Here we present a case of a patient who presented with a ruptured intracranial aneurysm that subsequently thrombosed, discovering a neighboring de-novo aneurysm during follow-up. We hypothesized that after thrombosis, the hemodynamic characteristics that contributed to the formation of the first aneurysm were replicated.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.52 no.11
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• pp.801-807
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• 2022

Percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure in patients with a prior PFO-associated stroke showed a risk reduction of the stroke recurrence compared to the medical therapy alone in recent several studies. Nevertheless, optimal patient selection for PFO closure has not been clarified. In this paper, we discuss the characteristics of PFO-associated strokes and discuss the recently published evidence and patient selection for PFO closure in patients with ischemic stroke. The lesions characteristics of PFO-associated stroke are associated with multiple scattered lesion, small sized cerebral cortical lesion, or posterior circulation. Overcoming the failure of early studies in CLOSURE I, PC, and RESPECT trials, PFO closure showed a significant reduction in recurrent stroke in recently published REDUCE, CLOSE, DEFENSEPRO trials, and long-term follow-up data of RESPECT study. However, considering that PFO closure cannot completely prevent stroke recurrence and that complications including atrial fibrillation, we should be selectively performed in patients with high-risk PFO.

• Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.324-330
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• 2024

Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System (PACNS) is an uncommon disease with kaleidoscopic clinical manifestations. Ischemic strokes are commoner than their hemorrhagic counterpart. Intracranial pseudoaneurysms are rarely reported in PACNS cohorts. We hereby describe the case of a 39-year-old female, who presented for evaluation of acute onset of left middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemic stroke, with cerebral angiogram showing multifocal stenosis and irregularities in intracranial blood vessels with an aneurysm arising from the lenticulostriate branch of the left MCA M1 segment. A diagnosis of probable PACNS was made and patient initiated on immunomodulatory treatment with corticosteroids. 12 weeks follow up neuroimaging studies revealed resolution of the previously described intracranial aneurysm, thereby postulating the possibility of a pseudoaneurysm related to the underlying angiitis.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.361-373
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• 2005

Occlusal appliance therapy has been proven to be very useful and effective in reducing signs and symptoms of patients with TMD. However, there are no reports about the masticatory efficiency of the occlusal appliance. The purpose of this study was, first, to investigate the masticatory efficiency of the conventional stabilization appliance experimentally in normal healthy subjects, by comparing it with that of their natural dentition; and, second, to develop a modified stabilization appliance as an attempt to increase masticatory efficiency. Eleven subjects (mean age 25.3 years, range from 23 to 33) participated in this study. Six were men and five were women. They were healthy and had complete or near―complete natural dentition, and did not present with signs or symptoms of TMD. Two kinds of occlusal appliances―the conventional flat maxillary stabilization appliance (i.e., FSA) and a modified maxillary stabilization appliance with additional anatomic structures on its occlusal surface (i.e., ASA)―were made for every subject. Subjects chewed peanuts that were selected as a food to test the three masticatory conditions of the natural dentition, the ASA, and the FSA. The number of chewing strokes was counted during each 1-minute chewing period. Chewed peanut boluses were recovered and their hardness was measured by texture analysis. Statistical tests were performed. The following results were obtained. 1. The masticatory efficiency of the FSA was 38.6 percent that of the natural dentition. The efficiency of the ASA was 78.2 percent that of the natural dentition. 2. The number of chewing strokes in the natural dentition condition was measured to be 1.5 strokes per second. It decreased to 90 percent in the ASA and FSA conditions. These results indicate that the ASA could serve an improved masticatory capacity as well as its therapeutic effects in TMD. A clinical application of the ASA should be considered to extend the management of TMD patients.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 1990

In order to Process rapid fermented anchovy with low salt contents, processing condition of rapid fermented anchovy by proteolytic bacteria, and its chemical composition and quality stability during storage were examined. Culture was performed(pH 7.0, $40^{\circ}C$, 45strokes/min) for 15hrs after the addition of 1% of NaCl, 1% of sodium erythorbate and 20m1 of B. licheniformis p-5 cultures($3.2{\times}10^4cells/ml$) to 100g of raw anchovy, and then low salt fermented anchovy as final product was made by adding of several(3% of NaCl, 4% of KCI, 4% of ethyl alcohol(w/v), 0.5% of ginger, 0.5% of garlic powder) for stability and flavor enhancement. During 60days of storage, histamine contents was adequate in a food sanitation aspect, and microflora decreased sharply while volatile basic nitrogen increased slowly. Free amino acids are the major part in unique fermented anchovy taste. The volatile fatty acids is the most important component in the anchovy's flavor. From the results of experiments, it was supposed that rapid fermented anchovy processed with proteolytic bacteria was suitable.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.3
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• pp.375-382
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• 2002

Handwritten character recognition is classified into on-line handwritten character recognition and off-line handwritten character recognition. On-line handwritten character recognition has made a remarkable outcome compared to off-line hacdwritten character recognition. This method can acquire the dynamic written information such as the writing order and the position of a stroke by means of pen-based electronic input device such as a tablet board. On the contrary, Any dynamic information can not be acquired in off-line handwritten character recognition since there are extreme overlapping between consonants and vowels, and heavily noisy images between strokes, which change the recognition performance with the result of the preprocessing. This paper proposes a method that effectively extracts the stroke including dynamic information of characters for off-line Korean handwritten character recognition. First of all, this method makes improvement and binarization of input handwritten character image as preprocessing procedure using watershed algorithm. The next procedure is extraction of skeleton by using the transformed Lu and Wang's thinning: algorithm, and segment pixel array is extracted by abstracting the feature point of the characters. Then, the vectorization is executed with a maximum permission error method. In the case that a few strokes are bound in a segment, a segment pixel array is divided with two or more segment vectors. In order to reconstruct the extracted segment vector with a complete stroke, the directional component of the vector is mortified by using right-hand writing coordinate system. With combination of segment vectors which are adjacent and can be combined, the reconstruction of complete stroke is made out which is suitable for character recognition. As experimentation, it is verified that the proposed method is suitable for handwritten Korean character recognition.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.420-438
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• 2004

Artificially or naturally contained texts in the natural images have significant and detailed information about the scenes. If we develop a method that can extract and recognize those texts in real-time, the method can be applied to many important applications. In this paper, we suggest a new method that extracts the text areas in the natural images using the low-level image features of color continuity. gray-level variation and color valiance and that verifies the extracted candidate regions by using the high-level text feature such as stroke. And the two level features are combined hierarchically. The color continuity is used since most of the characters in the same text lesion have the same color, and the gray-level variation is used since the text strokes are distinctive in their gray-values to the background. Also, the color variance is used since the text strokes are distinctive in their gray-values to the background, and this value is more sensitive than the gray-level variations. The text level stroke features are extracted using a multi-resolution wavelet transforms on the local image areas and the feature vectors are input to a SVM(Support Vector Machine) classifier for the verification. We have tested the proposed method using various kinds of the natural images and have confirmed that the extraction rates are very high even in complex background images.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.765-771
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• 2010

This study was carried out to examine relationships between financial pressures, depression, the quality of life related with economic stress factors on patients suffering from chronic strokes residing in Daejeon. 209 patients with chronic stroke being treated in genernal hospital were selected as subjects for this study. Data were collected by conducting 1:1 interviews through questionnaires. The study examined differences in patients' economic stress, depression, standard of living and the quality of lives through collected data. The results showed statistically meaningful analysis in standard of living(p<.000), economic pressure (p<.000), depression (p<.05), the quality of life (p>.05), the standard of living (p<.05). The higher the economic pressure, depression indexes or very severe the standard of living the lower the quality of life index, so the economic stress meaningfully increases. If an objective economic stress index is devised by measuring the level of economic burdens in common with guardians of patients and patients themselves, the index will become clinically important data. Furthermore, there requires the development of medical mediation that can reduce economic stress and increase the quality of life for patients suffering from strokes.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 1983

Cultural conditions for the production of extracellar $\beta$-galactosidase by Loctobacillus sporogenes, a spore forming lactic acid bacterium, were investigated with shaken flask and jar fermenter cultures. The fermentation medium giving maximum $\beta$-galactosidase yield was found to consist of 1 % lactose as a carbon source, 1.5% peptone as an organic nitrogen source. 0.2% ammonium sulfate as an inorganic nitrogen source, 0.8% ammonium phosphate dibasic as a phosphorus source, and 0.05% potassium chloride and 0.001% ferric chloride as mineral source. Optimal initial pH of the medium was 7.0 and the highest enzyme excretion was observed after 40 hours of cultivation at 37$^{\circ}C$. In this experiment, the 500$m\ell$ conical flask containing 50-200$m\ell$ of medium was shaken at 140 strokes per minute with 7cm amplitude in a reciprocating shaker. The maximum enzyme value attained was 38 U/$m\ell$ of the culture broth which was found to be slightly higher than the highest intermolecular enzyme activity (30 U/$m\ell$) observed after 24 hours of incubation. In the fermentor culture, the fermentation profile was shown to be similar to that observed in the shaken flask experiment. But the maximum extracellular enzyme activity was 45 U/$m\ell$ to be even higher than the value obtained with the shaken flask culture.