• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제7권5호
• /
• pp.887-894
• /
• 2006

본 논문은 런 길이를 이용해 필기체 한글 문자에서 자획의 교점을 검출하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다 이를 위해 첫째로, 수평 런 길이와 수직 런 길이를 이용해 필기체 한글 문자의 자획 두께를 구하고, 둘째로, 자획 두께를 이용해 입력 문자의 자소를 수평 성분과 수직 성분으로 분리하며, 마지막으로, 자획의 수평 성분과 수직 성분을 이용해 자획의 교점을 구하는 기술을 제안한다. 수평 성분과 수직 성분 분석은 각도와 관계없이 자획 두께와 런 길이의 변화량만을 이용해 구한다. 자획의 교점은 오프라인 필기체 한글 인식을 위한 요소 기술 중 하나인 자소 분리를 위한 분리점 후보가 되며 분리된 자획은 필기체 한글 인식을 위한 특징을 나타낸다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.575-584
• /
• 1997

The quality of periodontal instrument cutting edge is a basic element of effective root planing procedure. Using instruments, the sharp edge is changed into blunt or beveled edge. With the blunt instrument, the periodontal treatment can't be carried into accuracy and effective. The study on the wear of periodontal curet is insufficient, there are few publications about the change of sharpness of cutting egde after using instrument and a certen reports were published on the study of scanning electron microscope(SEM) examination. In this study, to declare the number of strokes for sharpening of instruments, the changes of cutting edge is measured by the clinical methods, tactile sensitivity examination and refraction light-white line test after scaling strokes and root planing strokes. SEM test was added for defined the changes of cutting edges. The 7/8 Gracey curets that have been never used was tested. Maxillary molars which were extracted from the School of Dental Medicine, Dankook University was used. Subjected teeth had attachment loss more than 6 mm in bucca-lingual surface and sufficient calculus of a band type in cervical area. The strokes of curet were executed 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 times on scaling stroke and 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 times on root planing stroke. A resident has periodontal experience over 3 years carried out the clinical examinations those tactile sensitivity examination and refraction light-white line test 5 times. The case there being tactile sensitivity certenly is 2, the case being felt tactile sensitivity is 1, and the case there not being tactile sensitivity is 0. The visual examination was recorded as following. The case that refracted white line is not recognised is 2, the case that uncerten is 1, and the case that acknowledged is 0. The results were obtained as follows. 1. After scaling strokes, the tactile sensitivity was reduced after 11 strokes and disappeared in 13 strokes. 2. In tactile sensitivity after root planing procedures, sensitivity was reduced after 25 strokes and disappeared in 35 strokes. 3. In case of visual examination, the detection of refracted white line was increased after 9 strokes of scaling procedures and the accuracy of wear wasn't showed after root planing procedures. 4. In SEM, metal projection was observed on new periodontal curet cutting edge and it was disappeared after scaling procedures. 5. In SEM, the cutting edge was showed changing linear into an aspect of the surface after 5 strokes of scaling procedures and 10 strokes of root planing procedures and showed beveled edge in 11 strokes of scaling procedures, 25 strokes of root planing procedures. The results of 3-type examination indicated that the sharpening of curet should be performed after 11 strokes of scaling procedures and 25 strokes of root planing procedures.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 1989

글자의 간격과 크기가 일정하지 않으므로 전처리 과정에서 각 글자를 분리하기 어려운 필기체 한글 문서로 부터 자모들을 인식하는 방법을 제안한다. 본 방법은 세선화된 필기체 한글문서의 영상 내에 있는 모든 글자들을 스트로크들로 변환시키고, 이들 사이의 배열관계를 나타내는 속성을 추출한 다음, 이들 스트로크와 속성들에 대해 속성문법을 적용하여 자모들을 인식한다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 ITC-CSCC -2
• /
• pp.819-822
• /
• 2000

The merit of the stroke extraction algorithm is the ease of the feature abstraction from the skeleton of a character, But, extracting strokes from Korean characters has two major problems that must be dealt with. One is extracting primitive strokes and the other is merging or splitting the strokes using dynamic information of the strokes. In this paper, a method is proposed to extract strokes from an off-line handwritten Korean character. We have developed some stroke segmentation rules based on splitting, merging and directional analysis. Using these techniques, we can extract and trace the strokes in an off-line handwritten Korean character accurately and efficiently.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
• /
• 제11C권4호
• /
• pp.120-126
• /
• 2001

For the past five years, Inha University has been observing the electric fields produced by cloud-to-ground return strokes. This paper presents the summary of most recent results. Statistics on the zero-to-peak rise time, the zero-to-zero crossing time and the amplitude ratio of the second peak in the opposite polarity to the first peak were examined. The radiation electric fields produced by distant cloud-to-ground return strokes were substantially same pattern. The first return stroke field starts with a slowly increasing front and rises abruptly to peak. The rising portions of the electric fields produced by cloud-to-ground return strokes last 1 $mutextrm{s}$ to a few $mutextrm{s}$. The mean values of the zero-to-peak rise times of electric fields were 5.72 $mutextrm{s}$ and 4.12 $mutextrm{s}$ for the positive and the negative cloud-to-ground return strokes, respectively. The mean of the zero-to-zero crossing time for the positive return strokes was 29.48 $mutextrm{s}$ compared with 38.54 $mutextrm{s}$ for the negative return strokes. The depths of the dip after the peak of return stroke electric fields also have the dependence on the polarity of cloud-to-ground return stroke, and the mean values for the positive and negative cloud-to-ground return strokes were 33.55 and 28.19%, respectively.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.447-455
• /
• 2010

The objective of this study was to analyze the difference in kinematic variables for successful and unsuccessful golf putting strokes. The study population included 8 male secondary school golf players who had played golf for over 3 years and whose handicap was 4 or lower. A hole was made on a 5-m-long artificial flat mat for practice, and an environment similar to that of a real green was created. The participants' motions were analyzed through 3D image analysis, and the difference in kinematic variables for successful and unsuccessful putting strokes in the same direction was determined. Data analysis revealed the following findings: The time spent for a segment of putting was the greatest for the backswing segment for both successful and unsuccessful strokes. During address and impact, the both changed to a larger extent. For successful putting strokes, the change in the elbow angle during the downswing was greater for the right elbow than for the left elbow. For both successful and unsuccessful putting strokes, the left shoulder angle increased during the segment from address to the turning point and decreased during the segment from the turning point to impact. In contrast, the right shoulder angle significantly differed between successful and unsuccessful putting strokes only during address. During successful and unsuccessful motions, the swing was executed with the moving displacement of the X-axis of the club head maintained almost constant along a straight light without back and forth movement. In the backswing segment, moving displacement of the Y- and Z-axes was greater in successful strokes than in unsuccessful strokes; however, this difference was very small for the Y-axis. The velocity of the club head for successful and unsuccessful motions significantly differed during address and at the turning point. The highest velocity of the ball was greater for successful than for unsuccessful putting strokes.

• 공연문화연구
• /
• 제39호
• /
• pp.669-700
• /
• 2019

풍물굿은 신성한 종교의식이고, 이는 인간이 절대적인 존재에게 바치는 신성한 행사이다. 종교의식에는 공동체 집단의식으로서 제의적인 행동이 수반되고, 음악은 그 중 가장 핵심적인 제의적 요소이다. 즉, 종교와 종교의식은 인간이 만든 것이다. 풍물굿 가락은 풍물굿의 종교성과 신성성을 소리로 구현하는 종교적 의미를 갖는다. 그리고 풍물굿 가락은 인간의 제의성을 발현하는 음악적 상징을 갖기도 한다. 풍물굿의 채굿은 한 가락에 쳐지는 징의 점수에 따라 가락 이름을 부여한다. 즉, 가락 이름이라는 기표(記標)와 가락이라는 기의(記意)를 직접적으로 지칭하는 음악적 기호의 전형적인 사례이다. 그러므로 채굿은 인간이 '만든' 인위적인 가락이다. 이글에서는 채굿의 형성원리를 규명하여 채굿의 제의적 상징성을 밝히고자 한다. 채굿은 삼채~칠채가 기본이다. 그 원리는 조선시대 군사 훈련의 기본진법인 오방진법(五方陳法)의 '고진금퇴가(鼓進金退歌)'의 원리에 따른 것이다. 조선 초기 간행된 각종 병서에서 진법의 기본원리가 된 오방진법은 북과 징의 '오타(五打)'의 원리에 의해 작동한다. 북과 징의 '오타' 원리는 진법 계획을 반영한 것이다. 그리고 '오타'의 구조원리가 채굿 형성의 토대가 되었을 것으로 여겨진다. "채굿의 원형"으로 꼽히는 곡성죽동농악의 삼채~칠채는 기본형인 삼채 가락에 3소박 2장단 가락이 하나씩 더해지면서 다섯 개의 가락인 사채~칠채 가락을 만든다. 삼채 가락은 우리나라에서 가장 흔한 3소박 4박 장단에 징을 제1, 2, 3박에 3점 치는 가락이다. 삼채 가락은 징을 3점 쳐서 '리듬적 요란함(rhythmic noise)'을 통한 규정된 일탈을 통해 제의성을 담지한 가락이다. 그리고, 징 3점에 따라 이름을 붙여서 '삼채 '라는 기표와 삼채 가락이라는 기의가 일치하는 상징성을 갖게 된다. 징 3점의 '삼채' 가락을 기본으로 3소박 2박씩 징이 1점 들어가는 가락을 더해서 사채~칠채 가락이 완성된다. 즉, 삼채~칠채 가락은 오방진법의 '오타' 구조원리가 반영된 것이다. 여기에 오래되고 제의성을 담보한 혼소박 4박의 일채 가락이 더해지고, 일채와 삼채 가락의 다리 역할을 위하여 징을 2점 치는 이채 가락이 더해진다. 이것이 채굿의 형성원리이다. 오채질굿은 징 5점의 '오채'와 제의적 가락인 '질굿(길굿)'이 혼합된 것이다. 오채질굿은 5장단으로 구성된 가락으로서, 각 장단의 매 첫 박에 징 1점이 들어가는 가락이다. 이는 동남아시아 등지에서 흔히 발견되는 콜로토믹(colotomic) 음악형식의 반영으로서, 조선 초기 각종 음악에서 나타나는 '고요편쌍(鼓搖鞭雙)' 장구형의 흔적이기도 하다. 길군악칠채도 징 7점의 '칠채'와 제의적 가락인 '길군악(길굿)'이 혼합된 것이다. 길군악칠채는 3장 형식으로서 경기 지역의 평시조 및 <노랫가락>과 음악적 특징을 공유한다. 결국 채굿은 인간에 의해 인위적으로 만들어진 가락이다. 채굿은 징점에 의한 가락의 이름이라는 기표와 음악적 가락이라는 기의가 일치하게 만들어진 가락이다. 그러므로 채굿은 종교적 제의성을 위해 인위적으로 고도의 음악만들기(music-making)의 원리로 만든 가락이다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
• /
• 제53권6호
• /
• pp.330-336
• /
• 2004

In this work, in order to obtain the detailed information about lightning electromagnetic pulses, the electric fields radiated from multiple lightning return strokes were measured and analyzed statistically. The electric field measuring system consists of a hemisphere antenna of 30cm in diameter, integrator and data acquisition device, and its frequency bandwidth ranges from 200Hz to 1.56MHz, and the sensitivity is 0.96㎷/V/m. The electric field signals are digitized every 200ns with the transient signal analyzer having the resolution of 12-bit and the recording length of 5 kilowords and are registered at personal computer. As a result, the electric fields produced by the first return stroke begin with a slow initial part or front, which starts just after or during the last stepped leader. On the average the rise times of the electric fields for the positive first, second and third strokes are 4.21${\mu}\textrm{s}$, 3.94${\mu}\textrm{s}$ and 2.75${\mu}\textrm{s}$, respectively, and those for the negative first, second and third strokes are 3.46${\mu}\textrm{s}$, 3.15${\mu}\textrm{s}$ and 2.79${\mu}\textrm{s}$, respectively. The zero-crossing times of the electric fields for first return strokes range from about 10 to 80${\mu}\textrm{s}$. The mean zero-crossing times for subsequent return strokes are shorter than those for first lightning return strokes.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 E
• /
• pp.2158-2160
• /
• 1999

In order to obtain the detailed informations about the lightning electromagnetic fields, the electric and magnetic fields radiated by lightning return strokes were observed with the electric field sensor of hemi-sphere type and the magnetic field sensor of loop type and their physical characteristics were statistically analyzed. The multiple stroke occurrence numbers was 2.6. In multiple lightning strokes the amplitude of peak and the time interval between the subsequent strokes were decreased as the number of the subsequent strokes increases.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.385-392
• /
• 2006

본 논문은 오프라인 필기체 한글 인식을 위한 요소 기술의 하나인 자소 분할을 위한 새로운 자획 추출법을 제안한다. 수평 런 길이를 이용하여 자소의 자획을 수직, 경사, 수평으로 구분 분리한다. 수직 자획이나 경사 자획의 수평 런 길이는 자획 두에가 되며, 수평 자획의 수평 런의 개수가 자획 두께가 된다. 수평 자획을 분리 추출한 후, 끊어진 수직, 경사 자획을 자획 두께의 수평 런으로 연결하여 분리한 자획들이 문자의 특징을 나타내게 한다. 추출된 자획들은 온라인 필기체 한글 인식 시스템에서 개발 사용되고 있는 자획 사전 정합을 통해 문자 인식을 할 수 있다.