• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.255-267
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• 2013

This study aims to reveal the relationship between major climatic factors and radial growth in Siu-ri, NamYangJuSi, Kyeonggido. To identify tree growth responses to climatic variation, we used correlation analysis after standardization and cross-dating of tree ring growth. We use the climatic data(monthly mean, minimum, maximum temperature and precipitation) from September of previous year to August of current year. In terms of relationship between mean, minimum, maximum temperature and tree ring growth, negative correlations were observed in September and October of the previous year. In case of Quercus mongolica, negative relationship were appeared in December of the previous year, January and February of present year. When it comes monthly maximum temperature, August and September of present year was negatively correlated with radial growth in the case of Pinus densiflora. We can conclude that reduced soil moisture due to high temperatures causes a water stress that stunts tree growth. In contrast, there are positive correlations in March of present year. These results suggest that high temperatures in March appear to prolong the growing season. Growth was positively correlated with precipitation from October to December of previous year and from May to September of present year. The results suggest that the smooth water supply from precipitation can promote the tree growth.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.701-710
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• 2019

Objective: This study investigated the effect of different acute heat stress (HS) levels on chicken meat quality and ultra-structure. Methods: Chickens were randomly divided into 7 groups to receive different HS treatments: i) $36^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, ii) $36^{\circ}C$ for 2 h, iii) $38^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, iv) $38^{\circ}C$ for 2 h, v) $40^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, vi) $40^{\circ}C$ for 2 h, and vii) un-stressed control group ($25^{\circ}C$). Blood cortisol level, breasts initial temperature, color, pH, water holding capacity (WHC), protein solubility and ultra-structure were analyzed. Results: HS temperatures had significant effects on breast meat temperature, lightness ($L^*$), redness ($a^*$), cooking loss and protein solubility (p<0.05). The HS at $36^{\circ}C$ increased $L^*{_{24h}}$ value (p<0.01) and increased the cooking loss (p<0.05), but decreased $a^*{_{24h}}$ value (p<0.05). However, as the temperature increased to $38^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$, all the values of $L^*{_{24h}}$, cooking loss and protein denaturation level decreased, and the differences disappeared compared to control group (p>0.05). Only the ultimate $pH_{24h}$ at $40^{\circ}C$ decreased compared to the control group (p<0.01). The pH in $36^{\circ}C$ group declined greater than other heat-stressed group in the first hour postmortem, which contributed breast muscle protein degeneration combining with high body temperature, and these variations reflected on poor meat quality parameters. The muscle fiber integrity level in group $40^{\circ}C$ was much better than those in $36^{\circ}C$ with the denatured position mainly focused on the interval of muscle fibers which probably contributes WHC and light reflection. Conclusion: HS at higher temperature (above $38^{\circ}C$) before slaughter did not always lead to more pale and lower WHC breast meat. Breast meat quality parameters had a regression trend as HS temperature raised from $36^{\circ}C$. The interval of muscle fibers at 24 h postmortem and greater pH decline rate with high body temperature in early postmortem period could be a reasonable explanation for the variation of meat quality parameters.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.56
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• pp.147-182
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• 2018

Intangible cultural heritage is formless. It's of importance to preserve heritage in line with society drastically being transformed. It's passed down by human being. It is, on the other hand, impossible to preserve intangible cultural heritage solely based on memory, for it's changed in succession. Thus, it be archived to pass down. This study investigated on the state of affair related with Intangible cultural heritage documentations, examined the shortages thereupon. Furthermore, Training center should be in charge of documentation for a solution. This will provide an opportunity to overcome the limitations attributed to the top-down documentation system by central administrative organ, to open up the possibility of viewpoint of different successors, organizations. In addition to that, Intangible cultural heritage documents should be of different aspects of community history. Features of Intangible cultural heritages, which are convergent to the Regionality, tendency of variation, transmission, can be magnified when documentating. Finally, Training center is going to play a major role being vitalised. The record management of intangible cultural heritage, institutions and policies about Intangible cultural heritage have been highly complicated since National Intangible Heritage Center opened and the law on Intangible cultural heritage enacted with its recognition attracted. Therewith this study wishes to see a cornerstone of records on intangible cultural heritage by laying stress on training center in which educations and pass-down of intangible cultural heritage are lively achieved.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.97-109
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• 2019

Degree days have been determined using temperature data measured at nearby weather stations to a site of interest to produce information for supporting decision-making on agricultural production. Alternatively, the data products of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) can be used for estimation of degree days in a given region, e.g., Korean Peninsula. The objective of this study was to develop a simple tool for processing the MODIS product for estimating cooling degree days (CDD), which would help assessment of heat stress conditions for a crop as well as energy requirement for greenhouses. A set of scripts written in R was implemented to obtain temperature profile data for the region of interest. These scripts had functionalities for processing spatial data, which include reprojection, mosaicking, and cropping. A module to extract air temperature at the surface pressure level was also developed using R extension packages such as rgdal and RcppArmadillo. Random forest (RF) models, which estimate mean temperature and CDD with a different set of MODIS data, were trained at 34 sites in South Korea during 2009 - 2018. Then, the values of CDD were calculated over Korean peninsula during the same period using those RF models. It was found that the CDD estimates using the MODIS data explained >74% of the variation in the CDD measurements at the weather stations in North Korea as well as South Korea. These results indicate that temperature data derived from the MODIS atmospheric products would be useful for reliable estimation of CDD. Our results also suggest that the MODIS data can be used for preparation of weather input data for other temperature-based agro-ecological models such as growing degree days or chill units.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.589-598
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• 2019

This study was conducted to build a structural equation model explaining factors that affect hemodialysis patients' quality of life to test the goodness of fit of the model and identify directly and indirectly significant paths. To accomplish this, 230 patients receiving hemodialysis registered at study hospitals in G Metropolitan City and M City were randomly selected, and 201 were used in the final analysis. Data were collected using a self reporting questionnaire from February 1 to March 31, 2014. SPSS WIN 18.0 was used for descriptive statistics and correlation analysis of the general characteristics and for reliability analysis of the research tools. In addition, AMOS 18.0 was used for confirmatory factor analysis of latent variables, to determine the goodness of fit of the hypothetic model, and hypotheses testing. The results of this study were as follows: the fit of the modified model was 41.32, GFI = .96, AGFI = .92, RMR = .04, NFI = .96, CFI = .91 and TLI = .95. Twelve out of the 22 research hypotheses that were improved and improved were statistically significant. The results indicated that hemodialysis patients' quality of life was influenced directly by self-efficacy, depression, and self-care behavior, and indirectly by sleep disturbance, stress, fatigue, and family support. These variables explained 58.6% of the variation in quality of life. Overall, these findings suggest that nursing interventions for hemodialysis patients require strategies for managing patient depression and for increasing self-efficacy and self-care behavior to improve quality of life.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.637-648
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• 2021

In order to support the establishment of a farming plan, it is important to preemptively evaluate crop changes and to provide precise information. Therefore, it is necessary to provide customized information suitable for decision-making by farming stage through scientific and continuous monitoring using drones. This study was carried out to support the establishment of the farming plan for ground vegetable. The cultivation management map of each information was obtained from preliminary study. Three cultivation management maps include 'field emergence map', 'stress map' and 'productivity map' reflected spatial variation in the plantation by providing information in units of plants based on 3-dimensions. Application fields of the cultivation management map can be summarized as follows: detect miss-planted, replanting decision, fertilization, weeding, pest control, irrigation schedule, market quality evaluation, harvest schedule, etc.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2021

In order to produce wearable displays with high adhesion while maintaining flexible characteristics, the adhesive method using electro plating method was carried out. Laser lift-off (LLO) transcription was also used to remove sapphire substrates from LEDs bonded to fibers. Afterwards, the SEM and EDS data of the sample, which conducted the adhesion method using electro plating, confirmed that copper actually grows through the lattice of the fiber fabric to secure the light source and fiber. The adhesion characteristics of copper were checked using Universal testing machine (UTM). After plating adhesion, the characteristics of the LLO transcription process completed and the LED without the transcription process were compared using probe station. The electroluminescence (EL) according to the enhanced current was measured to check the characteristics of the light source after the process. As the current increases, the temperature rises and the bandgap decreases, so it was confirmed that the spectrum shifted. In addition, the change in the electrical characteristics of the samples according to the radius change is confirmed using probe station. The radius strain also had mechanical strength that copper could withstand bending stress, so the Vf variation was measured below 6%. Based on these results, it is expected that it will be applied to batteries, catalysts, and solar cells that require flexibility as well as wearable displays, contributing to the development of wearable devices.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.267-276
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• 2023

The main purpose of the current research is to develop an efficient two variables trigonometric shear deformation beam theory to investigate the buckling behavior of symmetric and non-symmetric functionally graded carbon nanotubes reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) beam resting on an elastic foundation with various boundary conditions. The proposed theory obviates the use to shear correction factors as it satisfies the parabolic variation of through-thickness shear stress distribution. The composite beam is made of a polymeric matrix reinforced by aligned and distributed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with different patterns of reinforcement. The material properties of the FG-CNTRC beam are estimated by using the rule of mixture. The governing equilibrium equations are solved by using new analytical solutions based on the Galerkin method. The robustness and accuracy of the proposed analytical model are demonstrated by comparing its results with those available by other researchers in the existing literature. Moreover, a comprehensive parametric study is presented and discussed in detail to show the effects of CNTs volume fraction, distribution patterns of CNTs, boundary conditions, length-to-thickness ratio, and spring constant factors on the buckling response of FG-CNTRC beam. Some new referential results are reported for the first time, which will serve as a benchmark for future research.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.186-194
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• 1986

In an attempt to find better ways to relate growth with temperature and to estimate maturity differences in corn (Zea mays L.), various formulas of computing Growing Degree Days (GDD) were evaluated. Utilizing data from 17 plantings of a single cross, Suweon 19, over a 3 year period, 24 different methods of computing GDD were compared for their ability to reduce variations over different plantings. The best equation was to compute GDD with a base temperature of 10$^{\circ}C$ and an optimum of 30$^{\circ}C$. The excess temperature above 30$^{\circ}C$ was subtracted to account for high temperature stress. GDDs required for emergence and silking of Suweon 19 were 64${\pm}$12$^{\circ}$ and 794${\pm}$19$^{\circ}$, respectively. Based on these GDD values, emergence and silking dates could be estimated with a variation less than 3 days. The observed and estimated number of days from planting to emergence and silking were not significantly different.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.71-85
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• 2010

Dynamic analyses of tunnels are widely performed in practice in Korea. Accurate performance of a dynamic analysis is very difficult, requiring appropriate application of lower and lateral boundary conditions, deconvolution, constitutive model, and selection of dynamic soil properties etc. Lack of a systematic guideline on how to perform the dynamic analysis makes it even more difficult to perform an analysis. In addition, dynamic analyses are not needed in most cases and pseudo-static analyses are more than adequate. However, they are performed without a clear understanding on the need for the dynamic analysis and differences between the two methods. In this study, firstly, a guideline for correctly performing a 2D dynamic analysis is developed. Secondly, the differences in the tunnel responses using dynamic and pseudo-static analyses are discussed and compared. The results show that the discrepancies between the dynamic and static analyses are not significant for most cases. It is therefore recommended that the dynamic analyses be performed at tunnel portal, very soft ground, or in cases where spatial variation of the ground motion needs to be considered in the seismic analysis of tunnels in transverse direction.