• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.999-1008
• /
• 2012

Unlike the existing CMOS chip, ISB (Intelligent Silicon Bead) is new concept biochip equipped with optical communication and memory function. It uses the light for power of SoC CMOS and interface with external devices therefore it is possible to miniaturize a chip size and lower the cost. This paper introduces an input protocol and a design of the low power and the low area to transfer the power and the signal through a single optical signal applied from external reader device to bead chip at the same time. It is also verified through simulation and measurement. In addition, low-power PROM is designed for recording and storing ID of a chip and it is successful in obtaining the value of output according to the optical input. Through this study, a new type biochip development can be expected by solving high cost and a limit of miniaturizing a chip area problem of an existing RFID.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.1303-1310
• /
• 2010

Recently, researches related with automative mechanism have been widely studied to increase the driver's safety by continuously monitoring the driver's health condition to prevent driver's drowsiness. This paper describes the design of wearable chest belt for ECG and reflectance pulse oximetry for SpO2 sensors based on wireless sensor network to monitor the driver's healthcare status. ECG, SpO2 and heart rate signals can be transmitted via wireless sensor node to base station connected to the server. Intelligent monitoring system is designed at the server to analyze the SpO2 and ECG signals. HRV (Heart Rate Variability) signals can be obtained by processing the ECG and PPG signals. HRV signals are further analyzed based on time and frequency domain to determine the driver's drowsiness status.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.196-200
• /
• 2016

We have developed new electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection devices with, bidirectional flip chip transient voltage suppression. The devices differ in their epitaxial (epi) layers, which were grown by reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition (RPCVD). Their ESD properties were characterized using current-voltage (I-V), capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurement, and ESD analysis, including IEC61000-4-2, surge, and transmission line pulse (TLP) methods. Two BD-FCTVS diodes consisting of either a thick (12 μm) or thin (6 μm), n-Si epi layer showed the same reverse voltage of 8 V, very small reverse current level, and symmetric I-V and C-V curves. The damage found near the corner of the metal pads indicates that the size and shape of the radius governs their failure modes. The BD-FCTVS device made with a thin n- epi layer showed better performance than that made with a thick one in terms of enhancement of the features of ESD robustness, reliability, and protection capability. Therefore, this works confirms that the optimization of device parameters in conjunction with the doping concentration and thickness of epi layers be used to achieve high performance ESD properties.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.91-106
• /
• 1970

Two groups of left pulmonary-subclavian artery anastomosis were done in 26 adult mongorel dogs. For the first group. the distal end of the subclnvian artery was nnastomosed to the side of the left pulmonary artery, and for the second group, the subclavian end wns anastomosed to the proximal end of the left lower lobe pulmonary artery. Among them, 6 died of bleeding or anesthetic failure during the day of operation, 10 survived 1 to 106 days and the other 10 were sacrificed at various interval. To investigate the relationship between hemodynamic stress and temporal evolution of the pulmonary vascular lesions. the pulmona try and femoral artery pressures, arteriogram and pathohistological specimens were obtained. The following results were obtained. 1. The postoperative pulmonary artery pressures were within normal limits except 2 dogs in the first group, but in nil 12 dogs of the second group, they were in moderate to maked pulmonary hypertension level. 2 After subclavian pulmonary anastomosis, both groups dogs showed increased femond artery pulse pressure. 3. The pulmonary vascular changes were more severe and appeared earlier in the second group dogs compared with the first group.4. The earliest vascular changes appeared in the media of the small muscular arteries and arterioles. 5. Various vascular chaDges were produced in 2 or 3 months. Thereafter, the changes were stationary. 6. Among the first group, two long-term servivors (No. 705 & 713) which had normal pulmonary artery pressure under the anesthesia, also showed various vascular changes as other pulmonary hypertensive dogs. 7. In the early stage medial hypertrophy. interruptio~l of elastic lamellae were found in the small muscular arteries and arterioles, which were followed by intimal proliferation and thrombosis. These findings may suggest some evidences of trauma to the vessels. 8. Pulmonary arteriograms showed irregularity of the intima of the large and medium sized arteries, abrupt ending of some of the small arteries and narrowing of the anastomosis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.361-367
• /
• 2016

Objective: This clinical study reports on the effect of traditional Korean medicine on a patient with generalized anxiety disorder.Method: A patient who suffered from generalized anxiety disorder was treated with herbal medicine (Guibiondamtang-gami), acupuncture, moxibustion, and pharmacopuncture. We assessed the changes of anxiety-related symptoms with the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) score, the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) score, a heart rate variability (HRV) test, and a second derivative of photoplethymogram waveform (SDPTG) test.Results: After taking Guibiondamtang-gami for 22 days, the patient’s STAI score, BAI score, and LF/HF (low-frequency/high-frequency heart rate variability) ratio decreased, while the differential pulse wave index and stress power in the SDPTG test increased.Conclusion: This clinical case study has demonstrated that traditional Korean medicine may be an effective option for treating generalized anxiety disorder.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.626-633
• /
• 2007

To access the safety and efficacy of Chungyeoldodam-tang(CDT), a traditional herbal medicine prescription, on hypertension we examined various parameters involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. CDT seems to be safe because CDT at the concentrations lower that 250 ug/ml showed no toxic effects in cultured human fibroblast and no toxic effects on liver function. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were greatly decreased in CDT treated group compared with control, and angiotensin converting enzyme activities were reduced by CDT in a dose dependent manner. There was no differences in weight of hearts between control and CDT treated group. The blood pressure and pulse rate were significantly decreased. CDT greatly reduced the levels of plasma hormones including aldosterone, dopamine, and norepinephrine, but not epinephrine, and serum electrocytes including Na$^+$ and Cl$^-$, but not K$^+$. were also decreased. The levels of uric acid, BUN and creatinine were significantly decreased compared with control. These results suggested that CDT has suppressive effects on various pathologic factors in hypertension, and CDT has potential as a safe and effective therapeutics for hypertension.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.545-550
• /
• 2021

Background and objective: With increasing land use intensity in urban areas, apartment buildings have been recognized as a typical type of urban residence. In this study, the impacts of different views through a window on health-related responses were investigated using psychological and physiological parameters. Methods: Photos of three different types of views taken on low (2-12 m), middle (28-35 m), and high (over 54 m) floors of dense apartment building areas were used as visual stimuli. Twenty-two healthy adults participated in the indoor experiment. Semantic differential methods and profile of mood states were used as psychological tools. Autonomic nervous activity was evaluated using blood pressures, pulse rate and heart rate variability (HRV). Results: Analytic data showed different characteristics of psychological and physiological outcomes in three different apartment views. In the analysis of psychological parameters, significantly negative responses to the views on middle floors were found in the subscales of tension-anxiety and anger-hostility, compared to low floors. Significantly positive scores in the subscale of vigor were found on low floors with abundance of vegetation and high floors with a view of the sky. A significantly increased value of HF was found on low floors (2,294.96 ± 169.79), compared to the middle(1,553.45 ± 84.66) and high (1,523.02 ± 70.49) floors. Despite the high scores in openness and vigor, high floor views showed significantly higher LF/HF values (1.83 ± 0.09), the indicator of the sympathetic nervous system, than low (1.30 ± 0.07) and middle floor views (1.34 ± 0.06), which might be related to the unconscious fear of heights. Conclusion: Views from different heights in an apartment building can affect the psychological states of residents. Green space through the window may have a positive health outcome by reducing physiological stress.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2015

Stresses from desolate urban environments cause illnesses and worsen health conditions of urban residents, while natural environments have a positive influence on human. Natural healing programs such as forest therapy and horticultural therapy can be differentiated by the characteristic of activity space. However, previous studies of healing programs have focused on either forest therapy or horticulture therapy and there is a limit to comprehending the effects of adopting and connecting various healing programs. This study compares and analyzes the physiological and psychological effects of forest therapy and horticultural therapy to identify the effects and differences by types of healing programs. The before and after effects of horticultural therapy and forest therapy are measured by experiment and survey for 5 days with 5 subjects in each program. For physiological reaction, blood pressure, pulse, and cortisol levels are measured and the profile of moods states(POMS) is used to measure psychological reaction. Collected data are analyzed with the analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Paired-Sample T-test in SPSS 18.0. The results of this study are as follows: 1) forest therapy and horticultural therapy show positive effects in physiological and physiological aspects, 2) forest therapy is more effective than horticultural therapy in physiological relaxation and stress mitigation, 3) horticultural therapy has a tendency to alleviate depression more effectively than forest therapy. In conclusion, this study contributes to providing fundamental information for the development of healing programs and design guidelines for healing spaces through identifying the characteristics of each healing program.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.7-20
• /
• 1999

Operation usually brings about psychological stress as well as physical stress to the patient and it greatly influences the maintenance of the homeostasis. Until now, most of the nursing research concerning the anxiety of the patient undergoing an operation has been done while the patient was under general anesthesia. Under local anesthesia, the anxiety of the patient who undergone operation is short. However, there is much demand of the operational nurses to mediate between the patient who is undergoing operation when fully conscious, as they are aware of the patient's anxiety and to decrease the patient's anxiety of this local anesthesia. Therefore, this research tries to verify the effects of the Hand-holding program on the anxiety of the operational patient undergoing local anesthesia and affirms the role of the nursing intervention. As an unequivalent control group non-synchronized designs, this research selects out 20 control groups and 21 experimental groups at random who have received cataract operation while under local anesthesia and after implementing the Hand-holding program to the experimental groups while undergoing the operation, the effect of the experiment was observed. By observing the Epinephrine, Cortisol, blood pressure, and pulse for the physical indexes before and after the enforcement of the hand-holding, and using the measurement of Speilberger(1972) for the psychological indicators for the anxiety of the patient before and after hand-holding, the results were analyzed through SAS program. As a results, intervention of hand-holding had a remarkable effect to decrease the anxiety felt by the patient and the diastolic blood pressure also was effectively decreased. On the other hand, through the decrease of the systolic blood pressure was also observed, it was not statistically significant. In the Epinephrine and Cortisol indicators, the intervention of hand-holding was revealed to have an insignificant effect. The Hand-holding was revealed to have an indicators, the intervention of Hand-holding was revealed to have an insignificant effect. The Hand-holding program may be said to have an effect which decreases the psychological anxiety of the patient undergoing local anesthesia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.672-678
• /
• 2002

Oxidative stress contributes to cellular injury following clinical and experimental ischemia/reperfusion scenarios. Oxidative injury can induce cellular and nuclear damages that result in apoptotic cell death. We tested the hypothesis that the catechin flavonoid of (-)epigallocatechin gallate, a green tea polyphenol, inhibits hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O$$_2$)-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The effect of apigenin, a flavone found in citrus fruits, on apoptosis parameters was also examined. A 30 min pulse treatment with 0.25 mM $H_2O$$_2$ decreased endothelial cell viability within 24 hrs by > 30% ; this was associated with nuclear condensation and biochemical DNA damage consistent with programmed cell death. In the 0.25 mM $H_2O$$_2$apoptosis model, 50${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (-)epigallocatechin gallate markedly increased cell viability with a reduction in the nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation. In contrast, equimicromolar apigenin increased cell loss with intense DNA laddering, positive nick-end labeling and Hoechst 33258 staining. Thus, polyphenolic (-)epigallocatechin gallate, but not apigenin flavone, qualify as an antioxidant in apoptosis models caused by oxidative stress. Further work is necessary for elucidating the anti-apoptotic mechanisms of polyphenolic catechins.