• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.355-362
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• 2011

This work was performed to investigate the protective effect of ethanol extract (AEx) from acorn (Quercus acutissima CARR.) against allergic mediated responses in asthma model cells and mice. The AEx inhibited antigen-stimulated cytokine production such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and AEx also inhibited intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation against IgE-mediated allergic response in rat basophilic leukaemia RBL-2H3 cells. The ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice were orally administered with AEx (100 or 300 mg/kg) and authentic tannic acid (75 mg/kg) every day for 15 days. Increased TNF-${\alpha}$ production by OVA-sensitization/challenge was significantly reduced by administration of AEx. The serum triglyceride levels of asthma mice were significantly reduced after feeding for 15 days with tannic acid or AEx. The mice fed with tannic acid or AEx also exhibited a significant reduction in body weights compared to those of asthma control group. The AEx increased the heme oxygenase (HO)-1 mRNA expression in the asthma model mice and showed DPPH radical scavenging activity. These results indicate that AEx protects against IgEmediated allergic and OVA-induced asthmatic responses via direct and indirect antioxidant activities. Reduced triglyceride and body weights may provide additional protective benefits of AEx on allergic asthma.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.55-66
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• 2009

Background: The purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the low back pain of workers in hospital. 214 subjects waking at two general hospitals in Yosu city participated in this survey. Subjects consisted of doctors, nurses, medical engineers, officers and general laborers. The survey data were collected by a written questionnaire which made out by themselves for 25 days, from fourth August to 29th August, 2008. Methods: The questionnaire consisted of four categories, general, occupational, working habitual and the daily living characteristics. The collected data were analyzed by Chi-square test based on the present or absent of low back pain. Results: 1. In the general characteristics, low back pain had no significant relationship to all factors, sex, ago, body mass index, weight and height. 2. In the occupational characteristics, the phase of distribution of low back pain had statistical significant differences in the working hours a week, satisfaction of pay, satisfaction of occupation(p<0.05). However low back pain did not significantly related to the kind of occupation, period of work and degree of stress. 3. In the habitual characteristics, low back pain was significantly influenced by working posture, frequency of using lumbar and heavy material lifting, monotonous repetition of working operation and noise(p<0.05). No significant difference was shown in the factor of convenience of chair. 4. In the daily living characteristics, low back pain shown the significant differences in walking time a day, status of health and smoking pattern(p<0.05). there were, however, no significant differences in the aspect of the kind of house and bed, sleeping attitude, driving, riding time on the vehicle, exercising, frequency of cultural life and drinking alcohol. Conclusion: when I see above resultants totally, it appears a higher incidence caused by working environment rather than living habit and then consequently compared to hospital workers, they also have high incidence like others. In order to reduce incidence of low back pain and enjoy the our life we need to educate ourselves preventing program for low back pain and try to effort for preventing of low back pain on each department and individual.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1164-1171
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• 2019

Dietary supplements derived from natural sources are an essential factor in optimizing athletic performance. It has been proposed that the extract of Momordica charantia (M. charantia) that is known as a bitter melon can be potentially used as a novel supplement for health promotion. This pilot study aimed to examine the effects of the M. charantia extract when administered in the form of a sports drink, and we evaluated changes in body composition and metabolic factors in tennis players after 4-week consumption of the extract. Eight male college tennis players were instructed to consume an M. charantia extract 6 times per day (3 in the morning and 3 in the afternoon, and the total daily intake was 600 ml). Collected data were analyzed using paired t-tests to examine the changes over time after consumption of the M. charantia extract. The results revealed a significant increase in the trunk muscle mass, basal metabolic rate, and daily calorie intake (p < 0.05). Levels of protein, minerals, and total body water showed an increased tendency (not statistically significant), whereas intracellular water and extracellular water showed a decreased trend. Furthermore, fat-free mass, skeletal muscle mass, and muscle mass showed an increased tendency. In conclusion, consumption of the M. charantia extract caused an increase in parameters related to protein, muscle mass, and metabolism. It seems that follow-up studies related to fatigue, inflammation, and stress hormones related to the M. charantia extract consumption would be needed.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2012

The variation of dissolved oxygen (DO) was monitored with high frequency by an automatic data-logging sensor in a eutrophic urban stream (the Anyang Stream) located in a metropolitan area of Seoul, South Korea. In general, DO showed the diel variation of increase in daytime and decrease at night, implying that primary production is a major mechanism of oxygen supply in this ecosystem. The fluctuation of oxygen was determined by rainfall. DO depletion was most obvious after a rainfall resulting in an anoxic condition for a day, which is thought to be caused by scouring of periphyton and organic ooze at the stream bottom. Seasonally DO was higher in winter and frequently depleted in warm seasons. DO depletion was often at a dangerous level for fish survival. Fish survey showed that little fish was living at the study site and oxygen depletion may be the major stress factor for aquatic animals. From the results it can be suggested that a high frequency monitoring of oxygen should be established for the proper assessment of aquatic habitats and better management strategy.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1202-1209
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of an auricular acupressure (AA) program for smoking cessation in high school students from 2015 to 2017. Methods: The study investigated 12 high school students who had been smokers. Subjects were treated for three years. Each program was composed of five AA treatments. Average daily smoking and adverse reactions were checked for one week before each procedure. The AA was administered weekly at the endocrine point, lung point, throat point, nasal fossae point, bronchial tube point, and mouth point. Results: The mean number of cigarettes smoked per day after each year of treatment significantly decreased from 5.33±3.58 to 3.54±2.08 in 2015 (p=0.046). However, it increased from 5.75±2.30 to 6.00±3.61 in 2017 (p=0.80). The number of cigarettes smoked before treatment was found to be higher than the number of cigarettes after treatment in the previous year. No significant results were obtained from analysis of the change in the amount of smoking within each year. Conclusion: Social influence, such as the subject's academic stress and peer relationships, may have been a major factor in the change in the amount of smoking. Although the AA did not show a strong effect in smoking cessation, it appears to have value as a supplementary means of stopping smoking.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.27-39
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• 2005

a-Ketol linolenic acid [KODA, 9,10-ketol-octadecadienoic acid, or 9-hydroxy-10 -oxo-12(Z), 15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid] was found as a stress-induced factor in Lemna paucicostata. KODA reacts with catecholamines to generate many products that strongly induce flowering in L. paucicostata, although KODA itself was inactive. KODA contains an asymmetric carbon at the 9-position in the molecule; the 9-hydroxyl group is predominantly 9R, with an enantiomeric excess of 40% (70% 9R and 30% 9S). We analyzed two major products of the reaction between KODA and norepinephrine, named FN1 and FN2. FN1 was identified as a tricyclic a-ketol fatty acid, 9(R)-11-{(2'R,8’R,10'S,11'S)-2',8'-dihydroxy-7'-oxo-11'-[(Z)-2-pentenyl]-9'-oxa-4'-azatricyclo[6.3.1.01.5]dodec-5'en-10'-yl}-9-hydroxy-10-oxoundecanoic acid. FN2 was the C-9 epimer of FN1. FN1 was derived from 9R-type KODA and FN2 from 9S-type. FN1 showed strong flower-inducing activity, but FN2 was inactive. Pharbitis nil (violet) is a typical short-day plant; flowering can be induced by exposing a seedling cultivated under continuous light to a single 16-h dark period. We analyzed endogenous KODA levels and showed that they were closely related to flower induction: KODA sharply increased in the later part of a 16-h dark period, on the other hand, it failed to increase in the night-break experiment. In addition to it, KODA increased transiently in immature flower buds in all the plants we examined, including P. nil. No such increase of KODA was seen in foliar buds of P. nil. When KODA was sprayed on seedlings of Pharbitis, flower induction was promoted only by the (R)-form of KODA. We also found that KODA enhances flowering in garden plants such as carnations and impatienses. These phenomena indicate that KODA may be involved in flowering formationg of plants and it is potentially useful for a regulating agent for commercial plant flowering.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.55-68
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• 2020

Objectives : We observed the possibilities that blue honeysuckle has favorable analgesic or refinement effects on the Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) in rats. Methods : Estradiol benzoate and oxytocin were used to induce the PD rat model. And Blue honeysuckle concentration lyophilized powders (BH) 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of Lonicerae Flos aqueous extract lyophilized powders (LF) were orally administered, once a day for 10 days at 30 min after each estradiol benzoate treatment. Then the changes on the body weights and gains during experimental periods, abdominal writhing response for analgesic activities, uterine weights, uterus lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense system - glutathione contents, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, NF-κB and COX-2 mRNA expressions were monitored with uterus histopathology including immunohistochemistry for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).. Results : Inflammatory and oxidative stress mediated PD signs were favorably and dose-dependently inhibited by 10 days continuous oral administration of three different dosages of BH - 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg as comparable to those of indomethacin(IND) 5 mg/kg treated rats in BH 500 mg/kg administered PD rats, and similar to those of LF 500 mg/kg in BH 125 mg/kg, at least in a condition of the present PD rat model. Conclusions : The results suggest that BH has favorable analgesic and refinement activities on the estradiol benzoate and oxytocin treatment-induced PD signs through anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potentials.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.17-33
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture toughness of dental composite resins and to investigate the filler factor affecting the fracture behaviour on which the degree of fracture toughness depends. Six kinds of commercially available composite resin;, including two of each macrofilled, microfilled, and hybrid type were used for this study, The plane strain fracture toughness ($K_{10}$) was determined by three-point bending test using the single edge notch specimen according to the ASTM-E399. The specimens were fabricated with visible light curing or self curing of each composite resin previously inserted into a metal mold, and three-point bending test was conducted with cross-head speed of 0.1mm/min following a day's storage of the specimens in $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water. The filler volume fractions were determined by the standard ashing test according to the ISO-4049. Acoustic Emission(AE), a nondestructive testing method detecting the elastic wave released from the localized sources In material under a certain stress, was detected during three-point bending test and its analyzed data was compared with, canning electron fractographs of each specimen. The results were as follows : 1. The filler content of composite resin material was found to be highest in the hybrid type followed by the macrofilled type, and the microfilled type. 2. It was found that the value of plane strain fracture toughness of composite resin material was in the range from 0.69 MPa$\sqrt{m}$ to 1 46 MPa$\sqrt{m}$ and highest In the macrofilled type followed by the hybrid type, and the microfilled type. 3. The consequence of Acoustic Emission analysis revealed that the plane strain fracture toughness increased according as the count of Acoustic Emission events increased. 4. The higher the plane strain fracture toughness became, the higher degree of surface roughness and irregularity the fractographs demonstrated.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 1994

This study measured variables influencing the breast feeding patterns of lactating mothers over a 40 day period In 1993 in the Jeonla area. The Methodology used was a questionnaire covering 92 items based on statistical discriminant analysis. The results were as follows : The successful group was measured against the unsuccessful group over a 4month lactation period ; The successful group was measured over a 4month lactation period ; the unsuccessful less than 4month lactation period. Principal factor analysis was used to generate comparative data factors which were ; 1) nonunderstanding of mother's breast feeding, 2) physical and psychological stress, 3) insufficient milk supply, 4) mother's negative acceptance of baby, 5) lack of spousal support, 6) sore nipple and breast pain, 7) baby's negative acceptance, 8) lack of familial support, 9) baby's diarrhea and watery milk. Discriminant statistical analysis of sever factors included ; 1) insufficient milk supply 2) sore nipple and breast pain, 3) pre-natal planning of breast feeding method, 4) mother's occupation 5) breast feeding method of previous infant, 6) nipple type, and 7) infant birth order. This analysis predicted a 78.9% successful breast feeding. Criterion correlation analysis revealed ; D=-1.780+.165$\times$(Fac3)+.135$\times$(Fac6)+.927$\times$(prenatal planning of breast feeding method)+.900$\times$(mother's occupation)+.675$\times$ (breast feeding method of previous infant)+1.0l4$\times$(nipple type)+.378$\times$(infant birth order). We classified the unsuccessful group as more than .63937 and the successful group less than -.82742 of the D value obtained from the above criterion correlation in order to check the success or the non-success of breast feeding mothers. The rate of correct classification of the grouped cases employing a statistical discriminant analysis was significantly improved to 78.9% when these cases were compared with the actual grouped classification.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.863-876
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• 2019

Farm animals such as piglets are often affected by environmental stress, which can disturb the gut ecosystem. Antibiotics were commonly used to prevent diarrhea in weaned piglets, but this was banned by the European Union due to the development of antibiotic resistance. However, the use of probiotics instead of antibiotics may reduce the risk posed by pathogenic microorganisms and reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus casei Zhang on the mechanical barrier and immune function of early-weaned piglets infected using Escherichia coli K88 based on histomorphology and immunology. Fourteen-day-old weaned piglets were divided into a control group and experimental groups that were fed L. casei Zhang and infected with E. coli K88 with or without prefeeding and/or postfeeding of L. casei Zhang. The L. casei Zhang dose used was $10^7CFU/g$ diet. Jejunum segments were obtained before histological, immunohistochemical, and western blot analyses were performed. In addition, the relative mRNA expression of toll receptors and cytokines was measured. Piglets fed L. casei Zhang showed significantly increased jejunum villus height, villus height-crypt depth ratio, muscle thickness, and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin. The use of L. casei Zhang effectively reduced intestinal inflammation after infection. We found that L. casei Zhang feeding prevented the jejunum damage induced by E. coli K88, suggesting that it may be a potential alternative to antibiotics for preventing diarrhea in early-weaned piglets.