• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.711-722
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyzed child care teachers' health state and a relationship between health promoting lifestyle and job stress of child care teachers. The subjects were 101 child care teachers in Busan. They responded to 'health state open ended question', 'health promoting lifestyle scale', and 'job stress scale'. For the analysis of the data, M(SD), frequencies, t-test, Pearson's correlation were run by using SPSS WIN computer program. The major findings of this study were as follows; First, the most uncomfortable symptoms of child care teacher's physical health state was respiratory organs and the main cause was classroom ventilation and dust. The most uncomfortable symptoms of child care teacher's mental health state was tension and the main cause was children's safety. Second, the mean scores of the variables were as follows : the mean score of health promoting lifestyle was 2.54. The highest sub factor of health promoting lifestyle was 'positive self recognition' and the lowest one was 'exercising'. The mean score of job stress was 2.80 and the highest sub factor was 'administration services'. They desire for a healthy life, but in reality, they are unsatisfied with their current health state and they are not able to practice certain actions actively to promote their health. Third, health promoting lifestyle was negatively correlated with job stress. The result of this study can be used as the basic data for reducing day care teacher's job stress, development of a program to promote day care teacher's health and improving day care teachers working environment.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2003

This study was conducted to develop a Parenting Stress Scale that measures the day-to-day difficulties entailed in parenting for school-aged children. First, sixty seven items were collected as a baseline. Some of these items were pooled from existing parenting stress scales(Abidin, 1990; Kim & Kang, 1997), and the rest were generated based on interviews with parents of school-aged children. Secondly, Chi-Square tests were conducted and framer's V coefficients were calculated to determine the goodness-of-fit of the items. Twenty four items were selected from this step. The results of a factor analysis on these 24 items revealed two dimensions of this new Parenting Stress Scale, namely, 'school-related parenting stress' and 'general everyday life stress'. A test of construct validity also showed that this scale has adequate internal consistency.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.395-408
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• 1997

Generally, the major causative factor of halitosis is thought to be a sulfated compounds. Clusterin, a sulfated glycoprotein-2(SGP-2), composed of two disulfide linked subunits. It is conceivable that clusterin might be one of candidated causing halitosis. We assume that clusterin found in the salivary glands under stress conditions might examine clusterin in the salivary glands under stress conditions. For this study, 24 rats were divided into 2 group : 1)18 rats of group I were bathed in cold water for 30 seconds twice a day 2) 6 rats of group II were selected as a control. The animals were sacrified at day 0,3,5,7,10, and 14 of the experiment and the submandibular glands and parotid glands were removed. RNAs were purified from the salivary glands and the transcription of clusterin in the glands was measured by Northern blot analysis. The specimens of the salivary glands were subjected to Hematoxillin-Eosin and PAS stainings and examined under the light microscope. The findings were as follows : 1. In group I, clusterin was expressed remarkably in the submandibular glands at day 5 but in the parotid glands remarkably at day 3 day slightly at day 7. 2. No significant histologic change was found in the salivary glands except that acini were slightly apart from each other under the cold stress condition.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.18 no.3E
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• pp.191-198
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• 2006

The objective of this study is to examine fracture characteristics of concrete at early ages, i.g. critical stress intensity factor, critical crack-tip opening displacement, fracture energy, and bilinear softening curve based on the concepts of effective-elastic crack model and cohesive crack model. A wedge splitting test for Mode I was performed on cubic wedge specimens with a notch at the edge. By experimenting with various strengths and ages, load-crack mouth opening curves were obtained, and the results were analyzed by linear elastic fracture mechanics and FEM(finite element method). The results from the test and analysis showed that critical stress intensity factor and facture energy increased while critical crack-tip opening displacement decreased with concrete aging from 1 day to 28 days. Four parameters of bilinear softening curve from 1 day to 28 days were obtained from a numerical analysis. The obtained fracture parameters and bilinear softening curves at early ages from this study are to be used as a fracture criterion and an input data for the finite element analysis of concrete at early ages.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.702-708
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• 2011

There are considerable areas of wet paddy fields in Korea that requires improvement of its drainage system. In poorly drained sloping paddy fields, upland crops can be damaged by either rainfall or capillary rise of the water table caused by percolating water beneath the upper fields during summertime rainy season. The purpose of this study is to evaluate excess water stress of soybean yield by drainage systems. Four drainage methods namely open ditch, vinyl barrier, pipe drainage and tube bundle were installed within 1-m position at the lower edge of the upper paddy fields. Stress Day Index (SDI) approach was developed to quantify the the cumulative effect of stress imposed on a soybean yield throughout the growing season. SDI was determined from a stress day factor (SD) and a crop susceptibility factor (CS). The stress day factor is a measure degree and duration of stress of the ($SEW_{30}$). The crop susceptibility factor (CS) depends of a given excess water on crop stage. The results showed that SDI used to represent the moisture stress index was most low on the pipe drainage 64.75 compared with the open ditch 355.4, vinyl barrier 271.55 and tube bundle 171.55. Soybean grain yield increased continuously with the rate of 3% in Vinyl Barrier, 32% in Pipe Drainage and 16% in Tube Bundle.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this exploratory study was to find a specific time of day with a stable cortisol level and to investigate the relationship between salivary cortisol and sleep. Methods: A total of 36 Korean female college students participated in the study. Salivary specimens were collected 6 times a day for 2 days in different stressful situations. Sleep characteristics were measured using an actigraph while salivary specimens were collected. Perceived stress was evaluated using the Global Assessment of Recent Stress. Results: Depending on whether there were morning peak and/or afternoon elevations in the cortisol levels, the type of diurnal cortisol pattern was classified into 4 types. None of the cortisol levels in different times of the day showed significant relationships to perceived stress levels. Cortisol levels in the morning, levels of peak cortisol and diurnal differences of cortisol were significantly correlated with sleep duration. The time with most stable cortisol level was 9-10 pm. Conclusion: It is recommended that measurements of salivary cortisol are taken from 9-10 pm since it showed a stable value regardless of diurnal cortisol rhythm and sleep. Sleep duration should be considered as an important confounding factor in measuring cortisol levels in the morning and the diurnal differences of cortisol.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4917-4926
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• 2012

This study was designed to assess the factor of influence to occupational stress who work in the field of firefighters and questionnaire was uesd to analyse the stress scores and find the primary factors influence to occupational stress. The number of respondents were 408 who received the refresher training and period of investigation was august 2011 through october 2011. A structured questionnaire was employed to evaluate the participants' socio-demographics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, occupational stress, reaction factor (fatigue, job satisfaction) and buffer factor (social support). Occupational stress and fatigue were assessed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF) and the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (MFS), respectively. The analysis showed that we found a strong correlation between fatigue, job satisfaction and occupational stress. Occupational stress was associated with an increased risk of fatigue and decreased the job satisfaction. In the multiple regression analysis(stepwise), main factor that influence to occupational stress were job satisfaction, gender, age, processing number for a day, exercise. In logistic regression analyses, a higher occupational stress was associated with higher odds of fatigue(High) and the odds was down by 15.0% after adjustment for job satisfaction, gender, age, processing number for a day, exercise. Thus, a job satisfaction promote program for the reduction of occupational stress and the promotion of firefighters's health is strongly recommended.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.409-416
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• 2013

Millet and sorghum are major dryland cereal crops, however their growth and productivity is limited by soil water stress with varying intensity. The major objective of this study was to evaluate water stress of millet and sorghum yield under drainage classes of poorly drained soil and to test the effect of the installed pipe drainage in poorly drained paddy soil to minimize crop stress. The research was carried out in poorly drained paddy fields located at alluvial slopping area resulting in non-uniform water content distribution by the inflow of ground water from the upper part of the field. Stress Day Index (SDI) was determined from a stress day factor (SD) and a crop susceptibility factor (CS). SD is a degree of measurement by calculating the daily sum of excess water in the profile above 30cm soil depth ($SEW_{30}$). CS depends on a given excess water on crop stage. The results showed that sum of excess water day ($SWD_{30}$) used to represent the moisture stress index was lower on somewhat poorly drained soil compared with poorly drained soil on 117 days. CS values for sorghum were 57% on $3^{rd}$ leaf stage, 44% on $5^{th}$ leaf stage, 37% on panicle initiation, 23% on boot stage, and 16% on soft dough stage. For proso millet CS values were 84% on $3^{rd}$ leaf stage, 70% on $5^{th}$ leaf Stage, 65% on panicle initiation, 53% on boot stage, and 28% on soft dough stage. And for foxtail millet the values were 73% on $3^{rd}$ leaf stage, 61% on $5^{th}$ leaf stage, 50% on panicle initiation, 29% on boot stage, and 15% on soft dough stage. SDI of sorghum and millet was more susceptible to excess soil water during panicle initation stage more poorly drained soil than somewhat poorly drained soil. Grain yield was reduced especially in proso millet and Foxtail millet compared to Sorghum.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.377-385
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the ecotoxicological response on Gammarus sobaegensis Ueno with acid stress. Mean value of $LT_{50}$ (lethal time 50%) under pH 3 condition as acute ecotoxicity test was observed to be 0.271 ($\pm$0.146) day. And 0.812 ($\pm$0.377) day under pH 4, respectively. Mean value of $LT_{50}$ under pH 3 and 5 were 6.313 ($\pm$0.828), and 9.475 ($\pm$4.881) day, respectively. Variance in chronic ecotoxicity test pH (F ratio: 11.240, P< 0.0005) and times (F ratio: 2.916, P< 0.0005) as single factor were revealed to be the major factor for determining LT$_{50}$ with acid depression. The variation of secondary gill surface with acid stress to be certain that wrinkle phenomenon. Being weak tolerance of G. sobaegensis against the acid stress, it shows the possibility to be examined as an aquatic toxicity test organism.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.861-877
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to survey job stress and Musculoskeletal Disorder(MSDs) of workers in small plants with agricultural products. The subjects were comprised of 69 workers participated in "Helping the rural women to get the small businesses" project. The questionnaire surveys were Korean Occupational Stress Scale(KOSS), and Legal Risk Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders(KOSHA CODE H-30-2003). As a result of the survey, scores of KOSS 8 sub-items except for job demand were similar to that of Korea workers. Prevalence of MSDs symptoms of small plants workers was high percent (44.9%). And the rate according to kinds of product was significant difference at neck (p<0.01), lumbar (p<0.01), and leg (p<0.01). There was no significant difference between view person sign of MSDs and non MSDs according to sex, year, the number of workers, working years, working time per one day, rest time per one day, and subjective working intensity, but there were significant difference between high stress group and low stress group about MSDs at interpersonal conflict(p<0.05). Job stress and MSDs were important factor to workers of small plants producted agricultural products. Therefore, starting a business with small plats, workers consider interpersonal conflict and body part showing MSDs.