• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.239-250
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• 2008

If there is a water flow with a range of temperature inside a pipe, the wanner water tends to float on top of the cooler water because it is lighter, resulting in the upper portion of the pipe being hotter than the lower portion. Under these conditions, such thermal stratification can play an important role in the aging of nuclear power plant piping because of the stress caused by the temperature difference and the cyclic temperature changes. This stress can limit the lifetime of the piping, even leading to penetrating cracks. Investigated in this study is the effect of thermal stratification on the structural integrity of the pressurizer surge line, which is reported to be one of the pipes most severely affected. Finite element models of the surge line are developed using several element types available in a general purpose structural analysis program and stress analyses are performed to determine the response characteristics for the various types of top-to-bottom temperature differentials due to thermal stratification. Fatigue analyses are also performed and an allowable environmental correction factor is suggested.

• International Journal of Railway
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2010

In transportation geotechnical engineering, stress-strain behavior of earth structures has been analyzed by numerical simulations with the implemented plasticity constitutive model. It is a fact that many advanced plasticity constitutive models on predicting the mechanical behavior of soils have been developed as well as experimental research works for geotechnical applications in the past decades. In this study, recently developed, a unified constitutive model for both clay and sand, which is referred to as CASM (clay and sand model), was compared with a classical constitutive model, Cam-Clay model. Moreover, integration methods of stress-strain rate equations using CASM were presented for simulation of undrained and drained triaxial compression tests. As a conclusion, it was observed that semi-implicit integration method has more improved accuracy of capturing strain rate response to applied stress than explicit integration by the multiple correction and iteration.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2000년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.135-140
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• 2000

Numerical calculations are carried out in order to evaluate the performance of low-Re Reynolds stress model based on SSG model for a swirling turbulent flow in a pipe. The results are compared with those of $\kappa-\epsilon$ model and GL model, and the experimental data. The finite volume method is used for the discretization, and the power-law scheme is employed as a numerical scheme. The SIMPLE algorithm is used for velocity-Pressure correction in the governing equations.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.815-818
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• 2002

The elliptic relaxation model(ERM) with the inhomogeneous correction intermediate between near wall with and far from the wall. The source of the ERM usually was appled quasi-homogeneous pressure-strain correlation in homogeneous situations. This formulation was easily applied to the linear model or non-linear pressure-strain model. It is observed that the boundary conditions of the relaxation operator dominate the homogeneous pressure-strain model in the near wall region. While looking at high-Reynolds number flows, it was found necessary to modify the effect of the relaxation operator throughout the log region by accounting for gradients of the flatness variable and turbulent length scales. These effects are kinematic blocking of the wall normal velocity fluctuation and pressure reflections from the surface. This model is wall distances and unit vectors which make the model applicable to flows boundary by a complex geometry. Inhomogeneous correction model is computed inertial and non-inertial channel flow These are compared DNS(Kim et at., Kristofffrsen & Andersson) for channel flow. The present model could be predicted well for rotating flows.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.907-928
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• 2017

The effects of seepage force and out-of-plane stress on cavity contracting and tunnel opening was investigated in this study. The generalized Hoek-Brown (H-B) failure criterion and non-associated flow rule were adopted. Because of the complex solution of pore pressure in an arbitrary direction, only the pore pressure through the radial direction was assumed in this paper. In order to investigate the effect of out-of-plane stress and seepage force on the cavity contraction and circular tunnel opening, three cases of the out-of-plane stress being the minor, intermediate, or major principal stress are assumed separately. A method of plane strain problem is adopted to obtain the stress and strain for cavity contracting and circular tunnel opening for three cases, respectively, that incorporated the effects of seepage force. The proposed solutions were validated by the published results and the correction is verified. Several cases were analyzed, and parameter studies were conducted to highlight the effects of seepage force, H-B constants, and out-of-plane stress on stress, displacement, and plastic radius with the numerical method. The proposed method may be used to address the complex problems of cavity contraction and tunnel opening in rock mass.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.1273-1278
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• 2000

Bridge load rating calculations provide a basis for determining the safe load capacity of bridge. Load rating requires engineering judgement in determining a rating value that is applicable to maintaining the safe use of the bridge and arriving at posting and permit decisions. Load testing is an effective means in calculating the rating value of bridge. In Korea, load carrying capacity of bridge is modified by stress modification factor that is determined from comparisons of measured values and analysis results The stress modification factor may be corrupted by vehicle location error that is defined as the gap of test vehicle location between load testing and analysis. In this study, the effects of vehicle location error to structural response and stress modification factor are investigated, and a new method for evaluating stress modification factor is proposed. The random data analysis shows that the proposed method is less sensitive to vehicle location error than the present method.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.3014-3021
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• 1995

This study is carried out in order to evaluate the performances of the Reynolds stress turbulence models such as SSG and GL models in the calculation of separated flow over backward-facing stepp.In addition, two slow return-to-isotropy models, YA and Rotta models combined with rapid part of SSG model are also tested. The finite volume method is used to discretize the governing differential equations, and the power-law scheme is used to approximate the convection terms. The SIMPLE algorithm is used for pressure correction in the governing equations. The results show that SSG model gives the better prediction near the reattachment point than GL model. In cases that the rapid term of SSG model is combined with Rotta and YA slow models, the results show the better predictions of stress components in recirculation zone, but indicate inaccuracy in the predictions of mean velocity.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 1997

Recently, safety evaluation of structures has received great concern in this country. One major problem in safety evaluation is that the results are often quite different depending upon evaluation authority. This is mainly due to arbitrary selection of various modification factors when employing allowable stress method for safety evaluation, The purpose of the present study is, therefore, to establish a rational method to determine the modification factors, especially the stress modification factor and the deterioration modification factor based on visual examination. It is thought that the proposed method yields a rational and consistent result for safety evaluation and may efficiently be used for realistic evaluation of load capacity of bridge structures.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권3C호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2006

유효응력의 산정을 위해 간극수압의 측정이 필수인 지반공학 분야의 실험에서는 멤브레인을 사용하여 구속압과 간극수압의 계측을 실시하지만 구속압의 변화 등에 의해 멤브레인이 공시체 쪽으로 관입하는 현상이 발생하여 체적변형률과 유효응력의 계측치에는 오차가 포함되게 된다. 본 연구에서는 중공비틀림 전단시험장치를 사용하여 등방제하과정과 반복전단과정 및 액상화 후의 재압밀 과정에 있어서의 멤브레인 관입량 및 관입 보정식에 대한 고찰을 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 반복전단에 의해 모래의 유효응력이 20kPa 이하의 낮은 유효응력 조건에서는 보정식에 의한 멤브레인 보정량이 과대평가 되고 있음을 알 수 있으며, 이러한 보정식의 한계는 유효응력이 0에 가까워질 수록 보정량이 급격히 증가하는 것이 원인이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 점을 감안하여 보정량의 급증을 방지하기 위한 상수의 도입에 대해서도 검토하였다. 이와 더불어 초기 상대밀도가 높거나 액상화 후의 입자 재배열 등의 밀도 변화가 일어나는 경우에도 보정식의 적용에 대한 신중한 검토가 필요하다는 점도 확인하였다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2010

This study examined the effects of ego-resilience and directors' and fellow teachers' social support on childcare teachers' job stress. The participants were 323 childcare teachers in Chung nam Province and Daejeon Metropolitan City. The research instruments were Job Stress Scale by Cho(2004), Ego-resilience Scale by Park(1996) with CPI and CAQ correction, and Social Support Scale by Park(1985). Collected data were analysed by t-test, F test and Scheff$\acute{e}$ test for post hoc test, Pearson's productive correlation and stepwise multiple regression, and Cronbach's $\alpha$ for reliability by SPSS PC program (17.0 version). The results were as follows: First, the childcare teachers' job stress level was low (M=2.51, SD=.63), while ego-resilience level and social support level of directors and fellow teachers (M=3.68, SD=.58; M=3.62, SD=.94; M=3.83, SD=.69, respectively) were above the average. Second, there were significant differences between different levels of ego-resilience and of social support from directors and fellow teachers. Last, directors' social support and childcare teachers' optimistic attitude of ego-resilience were the most dominant variables that affected childcare teachers' job stress level(R2=38.3% for total score of childcare teachers' job stress).