• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.93-102
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• 1988

Rheological properties of cowpea and mung bean starch gels and pastes were investigated and compared with Instron Universal Testing machine and Brabender Viscometer. As the result of puncture test of gels, yield point force of mung bean starch gel was higher than that of cowpea starch gel. Compression coefficient of cowpea starch gel calculated by Bourne's equation was lower than that of mung bean starch gel. the stress relaxation test showed that viscoelastic properties of cowpea and mung bean starch gels may be represented by six element Maxwell model consisting of three Maxwell element in parallel. Cowpea and mung bean starch pastes showed bingham pseudoplastic behavior in 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8%. The consistency index in 7∼8% of cowpea starch paste were lower than those of mung bean starch paste. concentration dependence on consistency index and yield stress in mung bean starch were higher than those of cowpea starch. The yield stress of starch pastes was significantly correlated with yield point force by puncture test (r=0.996).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 2002

The main purpose of this study was to identify the effect of stress management program on the perceived stress, stress response, ways of coping of nurses.The data were collected from September 22 to December 21, 1997. The subjects were 45 emergency nurses of three university hospital located in seoul ; 25 assigned for the experimental group and 20 for the control group.The stress management program was composed of cognitive training, behavioral training and progressive muscle relaxation. The subjects of the experimental group carried out the 15-minute progressive muscle relaxation according to recorded-tape once a day for 6 weeks. The cognitive and the behavioral training were conducted by the investigator for 5～8 subjects at a time for 9 series, at an interval of 4～5days.The instruments used in the study was the perceived stress scale developed by Levenstein et al.(1993), Symptoms of stress Inventory(1991), and ways of coping scale developed by Lazarus & Folkman(1984).The data were analyzed by SAS program, using descriptive statistics, χ2-test, t-test, paired t-test.The results were as follows :1.　The perceived stress of experimental group was lower than that of the control group. However, no significant difference between the two groups was revealed.2.　The stress response of experimental group was reduced after stress management program and the stress response of control group was reduced after stress management program. but no significant difference between the two groups was revealed.3.　The problem oriented coping of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, however no significant difference between the two groups was revealed.4.　The emotional oriented coping of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, however no significant difference between the two groups was revealed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.11 s.242
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• pp.1542-1550
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• 2005

This paper presents the numerical procedure for calculating non-uniform residual stresses based on relieved displacements obtained from incremental hole drilling. The relationship between the in-plane displacement produced by introducing a blind hole and the corresponding residual stress is established. Finite element calculations are described to evaluate the relieved coefficients required for the determination of non-uniform residual stresses. Validity of the proposed method has been tested through three axisymmetric test examples and two three-dimensional examples. As a result of . simulation on the test examples, it is found that this numerical procedure is well adopted to measuring non-uniform residual stress in the full hole depth range of the hole diameter from the surface. The accuracy of the hole drilling method with displacement measurement is discussed, comparing tile method with strain measurement

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1800-1805
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• 2008

Shiro-abhyanga is one of treatments of Ayurveda, which is the ancient system of health care and medicine in India. In this essay, I examined the effect of Shiro-abhyanga for relaxing stress of women in twentieth by the means of the brain wave test. The brain wave test showed that Shiro-abhyanga reduced Delta and Theta waves of the left brain but increased $\alpha$, SMR, Low-$\beta$ waves of the right brain. Delta and Theta waves are usually found in sleeping time. Their high measurement in awakening instructs the stress and depressing situations of objects. However the treatment of Shiro-abhyanga made the decrease of Delta and Theta waves and the increase of Alpha wave in working time. Alpha wave appears while objects are comfortable and peaceful from the relaxation of body and mind. Therefore the growth of Alpha wave says that the treatment of Shiro-abhyanga has an effect on mitigation of stress.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.273-276
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• 2008

Thermoplastic resin takes place stress relaxation and creep according to temperature and time. In room temperature, time dependent deformation (TDD) of polymer was carried out at previous study. In this study, it evaluates time dependent deformation to relate temperature. Nanoscale indents can be used as cells for molecular electronics and drug delivery, slots for integration into nanodevices, and defects for tailoring the structure and properties. Therefore, it is important to control pattern depth for change of indent depth by creep when using Nanoindenter. For evaluating TDD at high temperature, it is occurred thermal-nanoindentation test by changing hold time at maximum load. Temperature is putted at $90^{\circ}C$, hold time at maximum loads are putted at 1, 10, 50, 100, 200, 300 and 500s.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.195-198
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• 2003

High temperature deformation and softening behavior of SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) has been investigated in connection with an FEM analysis of hot forging process. Flow curves at various strain rates and temperatures were determined first from compression tests, and the kinetics of dynamic recrystallization were also formulated through the analysis of load relaxation test results. Applying the dynamic materials and proposed by Prasad et al., it was possible to determine the characteristics of deformation behavior effectively at a given condition of deformation. Constitutive relations and recrystallization kinetics formulated from the test results were then implemented in a commercial FEM code. Flow stress compensation formulated upon the volume fraction of recrystallization and adiabatic heating was found to improve significantly the FEA solutions in predicting the forming load and the distribution of recrystallized volume fraction after forging.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.295-298
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• 2003

High temperature deformation behavior of a Ti-Al intermetallic compound has been investigated. Specimens with a near gamma and a lamella structures were obtained by performing heat treatment at 1200 and 1330$^{\circ}C$, respectively, for 24 hr and stabilized at 900$^{\circ}C$ for 4 hr followed by air cooling. A series of load relaxation tests has been conducted on these samples at temperatures ranging from 850 to 950$^{\circ}C$ to construct flow curves in the strain rate range from 10$\^$-6//s to 10$\^$-3//s. Strain hardening was observed even at the temperature of 950$^{\circ}C$ in both the near gamma and the lamella structures. Further aging treatment for 12 hr at test temperatures has found to cause no softening in both microstructures.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.308-313
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• 2003

High temperature deformation and softening behavior of SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) has been investigated in connection with an FEM analysis of hot forging process. Flow curves at various strain rates and temperatures were determined first from compression tests, and the kinetics of dynamic recrystallization were also formulated through the analysis of load relaxation test results. Using the dynamic materials theory proposed by Prasad, the deformation behavior was effectively determined for various conditions. Constitutive relations and recrystallization kinetics formulated from the test results were then implemented in a commercial FEM code. The forming load as well as the distribution of recrystallized volume fraction after forging was successfully predicted by means of the flow stress compensation formulated upon the volume fraction of recrystallization and adiabatic heating.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the effect of pleasant guided imagery on the vital signs of elderly. Method: The subjects of this study were 15 elderly women. Collecting data were blood pressure, pulse rate, body temperature, the degree of imagination and relaxation. Data were analyzed using SPSS PC+ program with percentage, paired t-test. Result: After practicing of pleasant guided imagery, systolic blood pressure and pulse rate were significantly lowered than before practicing of pleasant guided imagery. After practicing of pleasant guided imagery, Diastolic blood pressure and body temperature were not significantly changed. After practicing of pleasant guided imagery, the degree of imagination and relaxation were relatively higher in old women. Conclusion: Pleasant guided imagery can be used for elderly patients with hypertension. And it can be used to promote relaxation of elderly with stress.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1522-1539
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• 2002

In the present study, an explicit algebraic stress model is shown to be the exact tensor representation of algebraic stress model by directly solving a set of algebraic equations without resort to tensor representation theory. This repeals the constraints on the Reynolds stress, which are based on the principle of material frame indifference and positive semi-definiteness. An a priori test of the explicit algebraic stress model is carried out by using the DNS database for a fully developed channel flow at Rer = 135. It is confirmed that two-point correlation function between the velocity fluctuation and the Laplacians of the pressure-gradient i s anisotropic and asymmetric in the wall-normal direction. Thus, a novel composite algebraic Reynolds stress model is proposed and applied to the channel flow calculation, which incorporates non-local effect in the algebraic framework to predict near-wall behavior correctly.