• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2001

Drinking excessive alcohol has been recognized as a risk factor for hypertension. However, the mechanism by which alcohol intake causes hypertension still remains elusive. We tested the hypothesis that ethanol itself acts as a stress factor on vasculature and indirectly modulates vascular contractility. After end of exposure to 1, 2.5 and 5% ethanol for 45 min, rat aortic strips were subjected to contractile responses, immunoblot for Hsp70 and the measurement of levels of myosin light chain phosphorylation. Exposure to 5% ethanol not only augmented contractions to KCl or phenylephrine, but also increased expression of Hsp70 and the levels of myosin light chain phosphorylation. There were no significant differences in contractions produced by $1\;{\mu}mol/L$ phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, a protein kinase C activator, whether the tissues were exposed to 5% ethanol or not. This is the first report to show that even short exposure to ethanol has a delayed effect to increase vascular smooth muscle contractility through a modulation of thick filament regulation. It may be a mechanism by which ingestion of alcohol induces hypertension.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.80-91
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate stress and health recognition in Korean medical student by gender. Methods: 393 Korean medical student participated in this study. They were surveyed demographic characteristics(gender, age, drinking, morning diet, health recognition and etc), medical stress scale, Maslachh burnout inventory, Korea acceptance and action, and Ego Resilience Scale. For statistical analysis, chi-square test, Student t-test, correlation analysis, and simple regression analysis has been used. Results: In Medical stress scale and ego resilience, it is not significant difference by gender. Female students were significantly higher than male students in Maslach burnout inventory(P=0.015). Male students were significantly higher than female students in Korea Acceptance and Action(P=0.002). Health recognition have negative correlation between medical stress and academic exhaustion, and positive correlation between psychological flexibility and ego resilience. Conclusions: Through these results, we need to further study and develop strategies to reduce stress according to gender in Korean medical college.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.144-149
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• 2017

Ceramides are the major sphingolipid metabolites involved in cell survival and apoptosis. When HepG2 hepatoma cells were treated with celecoxib, the expression of the genes in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis and sphingomyelinase pathway was upregulated and cellular ceramide was elevated. In addition, celecoxib induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a time-dependent manner. SPTLC2, a subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase, was overexpressed by adenovirus. Adenoviral overexpression of SPTLC2 (AdSPTLC2) decreased cell viability of HEK293 and HepG2 cells. In addition, AdSPTLC2 induced apoptosis via the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway and elevated cellular ceramide, sphingoid bases, and dihydroceramide. However, overexpression of SPTLC2 did not induce ER stress. Collectively, celecoxib activates de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis and the combined effects of elevated ceramide and transcriptional activation of ER stress induce apoptosis. However, activation of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis does not activate ER stress in hepatoma cells and is distinct from the celecoxib-mediated activation of ER stress.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.728-733
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• 2011

This study was designed to analyze the results of stress index by heart rate variability test. The subjects were workers in the automobile manufacturing industry. The subjects consisted of 23,767 workers who had answered about questionnaires of a job position, age, smoking, drinking, exercise state and sex. The stress index(SI) and stress resistance(SR) were examined by SA3000P. We analyzed the differences of SI and SR according to job positions, ages, the state of smoking, drinking, exercise and sex by T-test or ANOVA with SPSS ver. 17.0. Regarding the differences of SI among job positions, the SI was highest in sales positions. Among ages, the SI was highest in 30s. In smoking, the SI was lower in non-smoking group. In drinking, there was no significant differences in SI. In exercise, the SI was lower in exercise group. In sex, there was no significant difference. The case of SR, SR was lowest in sales positions. Among ages, the SR was lowest in 40s. In smoking, the SR was lower in smoking group. In drinking, there was no significant differences in SR. In exercise, there was no significant difference. In sex, the SR was lowest in male. According to these results, we should establish the methods of controlling stress from the perspective of Korean traditional medicine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.523-527
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• 2007

Previous studies reported that exposure to noise during pregnancy adversely influenced the development of the fetus and neonate. In Oriental medicine, medications based on Angelicae gigantis radix have been known to be of efficacy in the treatment of various diseases. c-Fos, an immediate early gene whose expression is sometimes used as a marker for stimulus-induced changes in the metabolic activity of neurons. In the present study, the influence of postnatal Angelicae gigantis radix administration on c-Fos expression in the each region of hippocampus of offspring rats with prenatal noise stress during pregnancy was investigated. From the present results, exposure to the prenatal stress during pregnancy enhanced c-Fox expression, whereas exposure to postnatal Angelice gigantis radix suppressed c-Fos expression in the offsprings with prenatal noise stress during pregnancy. Based on the present study, Angelicae gigantis radix may provide new therapeutic opportunities as an agent to counteract the effects of prenatal noise stress- induced hippocampal dysfunction, and may be useful in the treatment of psychiatric problems in children of mothers who have experienced noise stress during pregnancy.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.720-729
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• 1998

Immunohistochemical technique of the c-fos primary gene protein, Fos, was used to analyze the effects of external factors on the neuronal activities in the periaqueductal gray(PAG) of the intact rats, sham-operated rats and post-operated stress control rats. In addition, the number of Fos positive neurons has been evaluated to verify the effects of cannula implantation and veratridine treatment on the neuronal activities in PAG area. The results were summerized as follow : 1. There was no significant difference in the number of Fos positive neurons observed in the caudal and middle portion of lateroventral PAG from cannula implanted rats and sham operated rats. 2. The number of Fos positive neurons in the PAG was not changed by the stress induced by connection of collecting tube to rats for 12 hours as compared to that of intact rats. 3. In the saline treated group, the Fos immunoreactivity in the PAG did not changed at 30 minutes and 1 hour after saline treatment as compared to that of intact rats. However, the number of Fos positive neurons was significantly increased at 2 hours after treatment compared to that of saline treated rats at 30 minutes after treatment. 4. The Fos immunoreactivity was dramatically increased at 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours after veratridine treatment as compared to those of saline treated groups. The number of Fos immunoreative neurons showed the maximal level at 2 hours after veratridine treatment. 5. The Fos positive neurons induced by saline and veratridine treatment were mainly distributed in front of the microdialysis window. These results suggest that new microdialysis demonstrated in this study improves efficiency and accuracy to confine the neuronal activity in front of microdialysis window site. Moreover, this directional specificity allows us to locate probe tips adjacent to the brain area of the interest site rather than centering the probes within that brain area. Finally, This microdialysis method can be used to dialyse the neurotransmitters using concious and freely moving rats.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

The history of studies in biology regarding reactive oxygen species (ROS) is approximately 40 years. During the initial 30 years, it appeared that these studies were mainly focused on the toxicity of ROS. However, recent studies have identified another action regarding oxidative signaling, other than toxicity of ROS. Basically, it is suggested that ROS are reactive, and degenerate to biomolecules such as DNA and proteins, leading to deterioration of cellular functions as an oxidative stress. On the other hand, recent studies have shown that ROS act as oxidative signaling in cells, resulting in various gene expressions. Recently ROS emerged as critical signaling molecules in cardiovascular research. Several studies over the past decade have shown that physiological effects of vasoactive factors are mediated by these reactive species and, conversely, that altered redox mechanisms are implicated in the occurrence of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases ROS is a collective term often used by scientist to include not only the oxygen radicals($O2^{-{\cdot}},\;{^{\cdot}}OH$), but also some non-radical derivatives of oxygen. These include hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and ozone (O3). The superoxide anion ($O2^{-{\cdot}}$) is formed by the univalent reduction of triplet-state molecular oxygen ($^3O_2$). Superoxide dismutase (SOD)s convert superoxide enzymically into hydrogen peroxide. In biological tissues superoxide can also be converted nonenzymically into the nonradical species hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen ($^1O_2$). In the presence of reduced transition metals (e.g., ferrous or cuprous ions), hydrogen peroxide can be converted into the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (${^{\cdot}}OH$). Alternatively, hydrogen peroxide may be converted into water by the enzymes catalase or glutathione peroxidase. In the glutathione peroxidase reaction glutathione is oxidized to glutathione disulfide, which can be converted back to glutathione by glutathione reductase in an NADPH-consuming process.

• CELLMED
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.13.1-13.6
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• 2013

The objective of the current study was to find out the effect of Integrated Amrita Meditation Technique (IAM) on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and IgA. One hundred and fifty subjects were randomized into three groups IAM, Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) and Control. Baseline values were collected before giving the training for all the subjects and the IAM and PMR groups were given training in the respective techniques. BP, HR, RR and IgA were recorded manually at 0 h, 48 h, 2 months and 8 months after the first visit. HR was found to be reduced in the IAM group 48 h onwards and the fall sustained till 8 months (p < 0.05). IAM group showed significant drop when compared to the PMR group and control group in all the subsequent visits (p < 0.05). RR decreased significantly in the IAM group in the third and fourth visits (p < 0.05). RR of IAM showed significant decrease when compared to PMR and control from the third visit onwards. IgA showed significant increase in comparison with PMR and control in the third and fourth visits. BP did not show any difference in any of the visits. There was subject dropout from randomization to completion of the study, in all the three groups. The significant decrease in HR and RR and increase in IgA in the IAM group when compared to the PMR and control group shows the efficacy of the technique in reducing the physiological stress indicators for up to 8 months.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1982

We studied this experiment to compare the effects of exercise and other body conditions: i.e., Flack test, cold pressor test and bicycle ergometry on the electrocardiogram. We had sixty healthy college students who were thirty nine men and twenty one women. Their $mean{\pm}SD$ values of physical characteristics were as follows: age; $22.0{\pm}1.4$, weight; men $61.7{\pm}5.6\;kg$, women $46.2{\pm}7.47\;kg$. We observed the changes of P-Q and Q-T interval, R and T amplitude, mean QRS vector, S-T segment deviation, and P and T vector. The result obtained were summarized as follows: P vector was shifted rightward regardless of the type of stress. T vector was shifted var-in each stress but in the bicycle ergometry T vector was shifted leftward. Mean QRS vector was shifted rightward immediately after the bicycle ergometry. Percentage of the occurrence of the depression of S-T segment was 21.7% at the immediately after the submaximal bicycle ergometry in lead II. The elevation of S-T segment was often observed after the mild stresses. Increased amplitude of T wave in the cold pressor test and decreased amplitude of T wave in the bicycle ergometry were observed. In the bicycle ergometry and other stresses, the precise mechanism of S-T segment changes was unexplained but insufficient repolarization in base or apex of the left ventricle due to heart strain was indicated by so called S-T vector analysis.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.6_1
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• pp.1573-1579
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• 2022

The irrigation schedule system using early detection of crop water stress is required to maintain crop production and save water resource. However, because previous studies focused on the crop under stress dominant condition, the crop physiological properties, which can be measured by remote sensing technique, on early crop water stress condition are not well known. In this study, the canopy temperature, MERIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI), and Chlorophyll/Carotenoid Index (CCI) are observed on the soybeans given the early water stress using thermal imaging camera and hyperspectral camera. The increased canopy temperature and decreased MTCI are consist with the previous studies which are for the crop of stress dominant-sign. However, the CCI was increased contrary to expectation because it may faster the reduction of carotenoid than chlorophyll in early stage. These behaviors will be useful to not only develop the irrigation system but also using the early detection of crop stress.