• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.33-46
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate effects of 7 herbs among medicinals resolving dampness with aroma on vaginal microorganisms. Methods : Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Gardnerella vaginalis were used for vaginal pathogenic microorganisms. Lactobacillus gasseri, Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli HB101 were used for vaginal flora. Medicinals resolving dampness with aroma, Pogostemonis Herba, Amomi Cardamomi Fructus, Amomi Semen, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Ammomi Tsao-ko Fructus, Alpiniae Katsumadaii Semen and Magnoliae Cortex were used in this study. In vitro antimicrobial activities were observed by optical density and colony test. Results : The optical density showed that Alpiniae Katsumadaii Semen and Magnoliae Cortex among medicinals resolving dampness with aroma had antimicrobial effects on pathogenic vaginal microorganisms (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Pogostemonis Herba, Ammomi Tsao-ko Fructus had antimicrobial effects on Gardnerella vaginalis. The colony test showed that Alpiniae Katsumadaii Semen, Magnoliae Cortex among medicinals resolving dampness with aroma had antimicrobial effects on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Pogostemonis Herbs, Alpiniae Katsumadaii Semen had antimicrobial effects aganist Gardnerella vaginalis. The optical density showed that Magnoliae Cortex among medicinals resolving dampness with aroma had antimicrobial effect on normal vaginal microorganisms (Streptococcus spp.). The colony test showed that medicinals resolving dampness with aroma had no antimicrobial effect on normal vaginal microorganisms. Conclusion : From this study, we could suggest that Pogostemonis Herba, Ammomi Tsao-ko Fructus, Alpiniae Katsumadaii Semen, Magnoliae Cortex of medicinals resolving dampness with aroma are available to antimicrobial agent of pathogenic vaginal microorganisms in vitro.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.124-138
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial effects of the interior warming herbs on vaginal microbes. Methods: Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Gardnerella vaginalis were used for vaginitis-induced microbes. Lactobacillus gasseri, Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli HB101 were used for normal vaginal florae. And herbs for warming the interior (Zingiberis Rhizoma, Alpiniae Officinari Rhizoma, Aconiti Tuber, Anethi Fructus, Evodiae Fructus, Cinnamomi Cortex Spissus, Caryophylli Flos, Aconiti Tube, Zanthoxyli Pericarpium, Piperis Longi Fructus, Piperis Nigri Fructus) were used in this study. Antimicrobial activities were tested by the change of optical densities (OD) and colony test in vitro. Results: In the results of vaginitis-induced microbes, Anethi Fructus was decreased the OD values on MRSA and Gardnerella vaginalis and Aconiti Tuber was decreased on MRSA. There were no viable MRSA and Gardnerella vaginalis colony forming against Evodiae Fructus, Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA colony forming against Piperis Longi Fructus, Staphylococcus aureus colony forming against Piperis Nigri Fructus and MRSA colony forming against Zanthoxyli Pericarpium. In the results of normal vaginal florae, Zingiberis Rhizoma was decreased the OD values on Streptococcus spp. and all normal vaginal florae were showed viable colony forming against all experimental herbs. Conclusion: According to these results, we can suggest that some kinds of interior warming herbs have antimicrobial effects on vaginal microbes. So there might be needed to make furthermore studies to seek the herbs which have selective antimicrobial effect on pathologic vaginal microbes.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.1184-1198
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• 2022

In this study, Rubus coreanus (R. coreanus) byproducts with high polyphenol content were fermented with R. coreanus-derived lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum GBL 16 and 17). Then the effect of R. coreanus-derived lactic acid bacteria fermented feed (RC-LAB fermented feed) with probiotics (Bacillus subtills, Aspergillus oryzae, Yeast) as a feed additive for pigs on the composition of intestinal microbes and the regulation of intestinal immune homeostasis was investigated. Seventy-two finishing Berkshire pigs were randomly allotted to four different treatment groups and 18 replicates. RC-LAB fermented feed with probiotics increased the genera Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Mitsuokella, Prevotella, Bacteroides spp., Roseburia spp., and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, which are beneficial bacteria of the digestive tract of pigs. Also, RC-LAB fermented feed with probiotics decreased the genera Clostridium, Terrisporobacter, Romboutsia, Kandleria, Megasphaera and Escherichia, which are harmful bacteria. In particular, the relative abundance of the genera Lactobacillus and Streptococcus increased by an average of 8.51% and 4.68% in the treatment groups and the classes Clostridia and genera Escherichia decreased by an average of 27.05% and 2.85% in the treatment groups. In mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleens, the mRNA expression of transcription factors and cytokines in Th1 and Treg cells increased and the mRNA expression of Th2 and Th17 transcription factors and cytokines decreased, indicating a regulatory effect on intestinal immune homeostasis. RC-LAB fermented feed regulates gut immune homeostasis by influencing the composition of beneficial and detrimental microorganisms in the gut and regulating the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2022

Lincomycin as one of the lincosamides antibiotics have been mainly used in human and livestock fields, but have not been used in aquaculture. In this study, the distribution of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against lincomycin and the detection of the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) resistance gene were confirmed in bacterial pathogens isolated from cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Of the 107 strains isolated from Jeju, 36 strains of Gram-positive bacteria and 71 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were identified. Most of Streptococcus spp. was found to have a MIC value of less than or equal to 0.5 ㎍/mL, and Edwardsiella piscicida was found to have a MIC value higher than 1,024 ㎍/mL. V. harveyi and V. alginolyticus mostly showed MIC values of 256 ㎍/mL, but V. scophthalmi displayed values of 8~64 ㎍/mL. In the detection of MLS resistance gene, erm(B) was detected in 9 strains of Streptococcus spp., and erm(A) was confirmed in one strain.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.428-437
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• 1996

The in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of a new fluoroquinolone, DWP20364(1-cyclopropyl-5-amino-6,8-difluoro-7-(2,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]oto-4-ene-7-yl)-1 ,4-di-hydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid) were evaluated in comparison with those of ciprofloxacin(CPFX), sparfloxacin(SPFX) and ofloxacin(OFLX). DWP20364 was more potent than CPFX and OFLX against Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus faecium MD8b and it was similarly or slightly less active than CPFX against Escherichia spp. and Pseudomonas spp.. For MRSA and OFLX resistant strains (Staphylococcus spp.(14),Enterococcus spp.(4), Acinetobacter spp.(2), Pseudomonas spp.(9), Klebsiella spp.(2) and Serratia spp.(6)),DWP20364(MICs for 90% of strains,0.025 and 12.5${\mu}$g/ml, respectively) was 4 to 32 folds more potent than SPFX and CPFX. The activity of DWP20364 decreased moderately in the presence of 5mM $Mg^{2+}$. However, various pHs and the concentrations of various serum had no effect on the activity of DWP20364. DWP20364 possessed a bacteriocidal effect at the 1MIC against gram positive and gram negative strains. The protective effect of DWP20364 against systemic infections in mice caused by S. aureus Smith or S. aureus L2379 was superior to that of CPFX and SPFX but it was less active than that of CPFX against infection by P. aeruginosa E-2.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2007

Among 68 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Dongchimi, a strain K11 was selected due to its bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli O157 The strain K11 was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, based on physiological and biochemical characteristics. In the late exponential phase, La. plantarum K11 showed maximum bacteriocin activity (12,800 BU/mL) and maintained until the early stationary phase. The bacteriocin activity was completely inactivated by all the proteolytic enzymes such as pepsin, protease, proteinase K, papain, chymotrypsin, and trypsin, but the activity was not affected by catalase, a-amylase, lysozyme, and lipase, suggesting proteinaceous nature of the bacteriocin. Additionally, this activity was not affected in the pH range from 3.0 to 9.0 and under storage conditions like 30 days at -20,4, or $25^{\circ}C$. Although the bacteriocin activity was absolutely lost after 15 min treatment at 121, it was relatively stable at $70^{\circ}C$ for 60 min or $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The activity was disappeared by treatment with acetone, benzene, ethanol, or methanol, but it was not affected by treatment with chloroform or hexane. The antibacterial activity of the bacteriocin was good against some LAB including Lactobacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp., but not against food-borne pathogens such as Bacillus spp., Listeria spp., and Staphylococcus spp. as well as yeasts and molds. Especially, some intestinal bacteria such as Enterobacter aerogenes and E. coli were significantly affected by the bacteriocin of La, plantarum K11. Furthermore, the addition of 640 BU/mL resulted in the complete clearance of E. coli O157 after 10 hr.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.199-208
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to identify the non-Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans bacteria grown on the tryptic soy-serum-bacitracin-vancomycin (TSBV) medium, an A. actinomycetemcomitans selective medium. A total of 82 unidentified bacterial isolates from the oral cavities of a Korean population were kindly provide by the Korean Collection for Oral Microbiology. All the clinical isolates were grown on TSBV medium and bacterial DNA purified from each isolate was subjected to PCR with universal primers specific for bacterial 16S rRNA genes (16S rDNAs) sequence. The each bacterial 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR and the nucleotide sequences of it was determined by the dideoxynucleotide chain termination method. They were identified by 16S rDNA sequence comparison method at the specie-level. The data showed that Neisseria spp. (42 strains), Fusobacterium spp. (10 strains), Capnocytophaga spp. (8 strains), Propionibacterium acnes (5 strains), Aggregatibacter aprophilus (4 strains), Campylobacter spp. (5 strains), Veillonella dispar (3 strains), Streptococcus sp. (1 strain), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (1 strain), Leptotrichia wadei (1 strain), Morococcus sp./Neisseria sp. (1 strain), and Staphylococcus sp. (1 strain) were identified. These results could be used to develop a new A. actinomycetemcomitans-selective medium which is more effective than the TSBV medium in future studies.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 2006

Seventy eight bacterial strains were isolated from several jeotgals using MRS and M 17 agar media. The probiotic properties such as tolerance of extreme growth condition, production of antimicrobial compound, production of hydrogen peroxide, and enzymatic activity of bile salt hydrolase were investigated. DHK 4, 10, 21 and 74 strains showed_a strong tolerance property against extreme conditions such as low pH and 0.5% oxgall-supplemented medium. DHK 10 and 47 strains produced hydrogen peroxide on TMB agar plate. DHK 8 and 10 strains produced antimicrobial compounds onto MRS agar against E. facalis. DHK 4, 6, 21, 29, 33, 63 and 87 strains had high activities of bile salt hydrolase. Especially, DHK 10 displayed a strong probiotic candidate; the abilities to produce the antimicrobial compound, hydrogen peroxide, and bile salt hydrolase. All these strains are assumed to be useful probiotic candidates. Among 78, twenty seven strains which have probiotic properties were tentatively identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Among them, 7 Lactobacillus spp., 6 Leuconosotoc spp., 2 Weisella spp., 1 Pediococcus sp., 1 Staphylococcus sp., 1 Enterococcus sp. and 2 Streptococcus spp. were tentatively identified.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.1286-1300
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of sodium long chain polyphosphate (SLCPP) and effect of dietary supplementation of SLCPP on growth performance, organ characteristics, blood metabolites, and intestinal microflora of broilers. Antimicrobial activities of SLCPP were observed against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica ser. Pullorum, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in agar well diffusion assay. In addition, SLCPP demonstrated good anti-biofilm activity against K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, to investigate the dietary effect of SLCPP, a total of 480 1-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to three dietary treatment groups (4 replicates per group, 40 birds in each replicate): an antibiotic-free corn-soybean meal basal diet (NC); basal diet + enramycin 0.01% (PC); and basal diet + 0.1% SLCPP (SPP). The experiment lasted for 35 days. Results showed that birds fed with SLCPP had higher body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the grower phase (days 7 to 21) (p < 0.05). Except for blood urea nitrogen, all other blood biochemical parameters remained unaffected by the dietary supplementation of SLCPP. Compared to the control group, lengths of the duodenum and ileum in the SPP group were significantly shorter (p < 0.05). Moreover, counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total aerobes, and Streptococcus spp. in jejunum as well as LAB in cecum were increased in the SPP group than in the PC group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that dietary supplementation of SLCPP might promote the growth of broilers in their early growth phase.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2006

We have previously reported the minimum criteria that can be applied to evaluate efficacy and safety of a DNA vaccine with use of Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA vaccine (SPDNA). The SPDNA was formulated by inserting the DNA sequences that are codons specific for the carbohydrate epitope in the capsule of S. penumoniae by phage display peptide library. Administration of the SPDNA into mice induced both humoral and cell-mediated immunities. The induction was protective even in the absence of CD4+ T lymphocyte in mice. Profiles of cytokine and isotyping of antibody displayed tendency of the Th1. In continuation of these studies, we examined if the efficacy of the SPNDA was provoked by the peptide recognized by codons specific for the capsule. Results showed that the peptide vaccine formulae (SPP) induced protective antibody in mice as did the SPDNA. Involvement of the cell-mediated immunity was also determined. Possible side effects of autoimmune diseases such as myositis and C3a production and tumor-formation were undetectable in mice given 7 times of SPDNA vaccination during entire of 92 days. Even after the frequent immunization, immunogenicity of the SPDNA was observed as determined for antibody production, suggesting that there was no immunotolerance provoked. All together, these examining factors would be applied to measurement of a DNA vaccine safety regarding the immunopathological aspect.