• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1998년도 봄 학술발표회논문집(II)
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• pp.737-742
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• 1998

The tension stiffening effect is defined as the increase in stiffness in reinforced concrete member due to the stiffness provided by concrete between cracks. If this is disregarded in analysis of reinforced concrete members, especially at the level of service loads, member stiffnesses may be underestimated considerably. This paper presents on the failure behavior and tension stiffening of RC tension test with main variables such as concrete strength, rebar diameter and strength. The tension stiffening was analyzed from the load-displacement relationship by ACI code and the proposed by Collins & Mitchell. In summary, the effect of tension stiffening decrease rapidly as the rebar diameter increase, rebar strength increase, and concrete strength increase. The effect of tension stiffening on RC member is the biggest near the behavior of concrete cracking and decrease as the load close to the breaking point. Thus, the tension stiffening should be considered for the precise analysis near the load of concrete cracking.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.157-160
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• 1998

KS F 4419, which is dealt with the Inter-Locking block, states that water to cement ratio for manufacturing inter-locking block should be less than 25% and in KS F4419, the use of admixture is shown to be reluctant to recommend. In this paper, reinvestigation of some regulations in KS F 4419 are carried out. According to the experimental results, as W/C increases, flexural strength and compressive strength are tended to decrease, whereas they increases within certain range, Flexural strength and compressive strength have higher values in 1:2(W/C=35%), 1:4(W/C=45%) and 1:6(W/C=55%) of mix proportions. Moreover they have rather higher values with the containment of high range AE water-reducing agent. The absorption ratios decrease with the increase of W/C and the containment of high range AE water-reducing agent. Therefore, the regulations on the W/C and admixture in KS F 4419 reguire revision.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1995년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.72-77
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• 1995

Blast-furnace slag cement has been used widely as a structural material due to the latent hydraulicity of granulated ground blast furnace slag(GGBS)for a long time as The wall as ordinary portland cement. In this study, based on the fundamental investigation on the high strength and high durable concrete using the high fineness GGBS the following remarks can be made. 1) The average desired strenth of concrete is Or=600~800kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$. 2) The above high strength concrete using the high fineness GGBS is more workable than those using only OPC. 3) The adiabatic temperature and drying shringkage decrease, so the density and resistance to sea water attack increase as results. 4)The unit cement content and unit air entrained admixture at the same desired strength of concrete decrease, so the economical high strength concrete can be manufactured from using the high fineness GGBS.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.953-956
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 불포화폴리에스터 수지(U.P.)를 이용한 투수성 폴리머 콘크리트를 제조하여 투수성 및 강도 특성을 실험적으로 규명하였다. 그 결과 투수성 폴리머 콘크리트의 공극률 및 투수계수는 폴리머 결합재량의 증가에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 투수성 폴리머 콘크리트의 압축강도는 폴리머 결합재량의 증가에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 투수성 폴리머 콘크리트의 압축강도는 투수계수가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2013

This study presents basic knitted fabric data on the use of ply yarn with rayon yarn and eco-friendly/high-valued Hanji yarn. Physical properties (gauge, thickness, burst strength, air permeability, stiffness, Qmax, dimensional stability and surface image) of Hanji 100%, rayon 100% and Hanji/rayon 50:50 knitted fabrics are investigated. The results are as follows. Course direction of gauge decrease in the following order: rayon 100% > Hanji/rayon 50/50 > Hanji 100%. In addition wale direction of gauge decrease in the following order: Hanji 100% > Hanji/rayon 50/50 > rayon 50/50. Thickness and air permeability decrease in the following order: Hanji 100% > Hanji/rayon 50/50 > rayon 100%. Burst strength decrease in the following order: rayon 100% > Hanji 100% > Hanji/rayon 50/50. Stiffness and Qmax decrease in the following order: rayon 100% > Hanji/rayon 50/50 > Hanji 100%. Laundry for dimensional stability is knitted fabric with Hanji/rayon 50/50 than rayon 100% and Hanji 100% improved using neutral detergent and stable at $20^{\circ}C$. From surface image observation, the cracks of Hanji 100% and fibrils of rayon 100% decrease when using knitted fabric with Hanji/rayon 50/50.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.675-678
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• 2003

Experimental results for variation of concrete strength according to vibration time control for fresh concrete were given. Vibration velocity, time before vibration and vibrating time were used as experimental parameters. Compressive strength, split tensile strength, ana bond strength were investigated and then fracture surfaces of split tensile strength specimen were observed. From the experimental results, it could be concluded that there may be no decrease in concrete strengths if time before vibration will be sustained at least for more than 3 hours.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2007

토목구조물의 안정성에 영향을 미치는 인자 중 지진에 의한 피해를 들 수가 있다. 최근의 지진 피해 사례를 분석하여 보면 모래와 같은 조립토뿐만 아니라 점성토, 실트 등과 같은 세립토에서도 크고 작은 피해 사례가 보고되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지진에 의한 기초지반의 강도저하를 평가하는 방법을 조사하기 위하여, 반복단순전단시험기를 이용하여 비배수상태에서 조립토 및 세립토에 반복하중을 작용시켜 지반의 강도저하특성을 조사하고 조립토의 경우에는 여유간극비, 세립토의 경우에는 소성지수를 이용하여 간단한 평가방법을 제안하였다. 분석결과에 따르면 액상화강도를 비교 분석하여 보면 조립토에서는 여유간극비의 증가에 따라 감소하고, 세립토의 경우에는 소성지수가 증가함에 따라 커지는 것을 알았다. 특히, 화강풍화토는 Collapse현상이 발생하여 다른 흙보다 현저한 강도 감소 경향이 나타났다. 간이강도저하 평가방법을 통해서 조립토와 세립토 거의 대부분이 양대수곡선상에서 -0.15 ~ -0.2의 범위내의 비슷한 기울기 내에서 분포하였지만, 화강풍화토와 같은 흙은 강도저하 경향이 -0.3으로 다른 흙보다 크게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 본 강도저하 평가방법은 추가 연구가 필요하지만, 실무에서 간단하게 적용 가능할 것으로 보인다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1407-1415
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• 2005

Strength change of an over-aged A12024 material was studied after being subjected to stages of severe plastic deformation by ECAP (Equal Channel Angular Pressing). Various kinds of strength value were measured using the conventional tensile test, Rockwell and Vickers hardness and the SP (small punch) test Due to limitation of the specimen size, tension test in transverse direction could not be conducted. Hence, SP test was employed for assessing the strength in transverse direction. Based on TEM observation the measured strength characteristics were explained based on the relation between microstructure, dislocation and strength. As the number of ECAP pass increases, the strength of A12024 was also increased. However, considerable change of strength, which is generally predicted, was not observed in this study. For the strength in transverse direction even decrease of the strength was observed after 6 passes of ECAP. It was argued that this decrease was due to dynamic recovery of dislocation density during or after ECAP processes at $150^{\circ}C$. The strength assessment equation proposed by the authors in the previous paper was shown to be very accurate. This argument was supported by comparing the results of conventional tensile test with those of SP test. It was also pointed that the Rockwell har(3ness value seemed to be able to represent the strength in the transverse direction.

• 폴리머
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.513-519
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• 2000

핫 멜트 접착제의 점착제로 사용되고 있는 석유수지를 비 결정성 올레핀 수지에 블렌딩하였을 때 점착제가 비 결정성 올레핀 수지의 열적 특성 및 결정화거동에 미치는 영향과 이에 따른 접착특성 변화에 대하여 살펴보았다. 점착제로 사용된 석유수지는 비 결정성 올레핀 수지의 용융온도를 저하시키고 이러한 현상은 에틸렌 함량이 상대적으로 많은 비 결정성 올레핀 수지에서 두드러지며, aromatic 수지인 $C_{9}$ 석유수지보다는 aliphatic 수지인 $C_{5}$ 석유수지를 사용할 때 그 감소의 폭이 큼을 알 수 있었다. 아울러 석유수지의 블렌딩에 의하여, 특히 aromatic 수지인 $C_{9}$을 첨가하였을 경우, 비 결정성 수지의 에틸렌 함량이 적을수록 결정화도가 현저히 감소함을 확인할 수 있었다. 점착제의 조성비가 50% 정도에서 가장 우수한 접착력을 확인할 수 있었으며, 에틸렌 함량에 관계없이 $C_{5}$ 석유수지의 첨가시 접착력이 현저히 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 에틸렌 함량이 적은 비결정성 올레핀/석유수지 핫 멜트에서는 점착제로 인하여 발현된 결정화도 감소에 의하여 접착특성이 증가됨을 알 수 있었다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) wrist taping, after the application of a rhythmic stabilization (RS) technique, on the decrease of pain and the increase of grip strength in physical therapists who complained of wrist pain and to provide basic data on interventions for wrist pain patients. Methods: The subjects were 15 peoples in their 20s who complained of pain with a visual analogue scale (VAS) at five points or higher due to overuse of their wrists. They were randomly assigned to a control group, to which PNF wrist taping was applied after stretching (n=7), or to an experimental group (n=8), to which PNF wrist taping was applied after application of the RS technique of PNF. The experiment was conducted for four weeks, five times per week. VAS was measured in order to measure pain decrease, and grip strength (GS) was measured using a dynamometer. In order to compare within-group differences before and after the intervention, a paired t-test was performed, and in order to compare differences between the two groups, the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used. All statistically significant levels were set at ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: There were significant differences in changes of VAS and GS within each group before and after the intervention (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: This study applied PNF wrist taping after the application of stretching or PNF RS to patients who complained of pain beyond a sense of discomfort; these interventions resulted in a decrease in pain and an increase in the grip strength of the subjects. Taping and therapeutic techniques using PNF are considered to be usefully applied as one of the programs to improve wrist pain patients' pain and grip strength.