• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.80-90
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• 2000

This study was carried out to introduce current status and development strategy for an environmental restoration of stream side in Japan, and to consider a methodology which could be effectively applied for the environmental restoration of stream side in Korea. Since the end of 20th century, the native ecology and landscape of Japan remained only a limited areas such as stream side, water side and forest areas. Therefore, recently the works of forest conservation and erosion control of environmental restoration on stream side tended to increased. The strategic prospects of environmental restoration in Japan were summarized as follows : 1. From the ecological point of view, we have to develop a certain method and technology in construction of forest conservation and erosion control to prevent environmental problem from erosion control works. 2. We have to restore not only a continuity of stream side forest from a primitive area to an estuary but also the stream side forest to preserve and restore a stream side vegetation on a primitive watershed areas. 3. We have to improve a method of construction or removal of a structure which were constructed in the stream to restore a water side environment and an interaction system for an integration on a forest land, stream, and erosion control. Additionally, we have to establish an integrated evaluation method and an enforcement system after investigation of influences on natural environment, stream, and forest etc. 4. We have to conduct an integrated research to investigate the ecosystem of stream side, and construct environmentally friendly water park and erosion control park which considered natural environment and its landscape. Additionally, we need to introduce and adopt a natural style stream construction method to restore a water side areas.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2002

삽교호유역에 위치한 19개 수질관측지점에서 측정된 월별수질자료를 이용하여 수질관측지점을 2개에서 7개의 수질특성으로 분류하였으며, 그에 따른 수질요인분석을 실시하였다. 군집분석결과 삽교호유역의 각 하천은 개개의 수질특성을 보이고 있으며, 삽교호, 삽효천, 무한천 및 곡교천의 4개 그룹으로 나눌 수가 있었다. 수질분석결과에 의하면 삽교호에서는 부유물질의 농도가 다른 하천보다 높았는데 이는 하천으로부터 유입되는 풍부한 영양염에 의한 식물플랑크톤의 생물량 증가에 따른 것으로 사료된다. 또한 곡교천의 수질은 다른 하천에 비해 생화학적산소요구량은 3.5∼4.8배, 화학적산소요구량은 1.7∼2.5배 높았으며, 전반적으로 삽교호 유역의 수질은 부영양상태를 훨씬 초과하였다. 요인분석결과 삽교천과 무한천은 농경지와 주거지에 의한 수질요인이 지배적이었고, 곡교천은 천안도시지역으로부터 유입되는 과다한 유기물유입과 상류에 위치한 하수처리장의 영향을 복합적으로 받고 있는 것으로 사료된다. 삽교호의 수질은 삽교천과 무한천및 곡교천에서 높은 부하를 보인 인자가 주된 오염요인으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.973-983
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• 2007

The eco-hydrologic effects of maintenance water supply on Oncheon stream are studied using hydrologic, hydraulic and ecologic models. SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) is used for long-term simulation of runoff quantity and water quality from Oncheon stream watershed. Using the output hydrologic variables from SWMM, HEC-RAS (River Analysis System) is then used to simulate the hydraulics of water flow through Oncheon stream channels. Such hydrologic, hydraulic and water quality output variables from SWMM and HEC-RAS are served as input data to execute PHABSIM (Physical Habitat Simulation) for the purpose of predicting the micro-habitat conditions in rivers as a function of stream flow and the relative suitability of those conditions to aquatic life. It is observed from the PHABSIM results that the weighted usable area for target fishes has the maximum value at $2m^3/s$ of instream flow. However, mid and down stream areas that have concrete river bed and covered region are unsuitable for fish habitat regardless of instream flow increment. The simulation results indicate that the simple maintenance water supply is limited in its effect to improve the ecological environment in Oncheon stream. Therefore, it is imperative to improve water quality and to recover habitat conditions simultaneously.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.481-490
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• 2005

Surface sediments and seawater were sampled at Masan and Haengam Bays of Korea, to evaluate contamination by sewage-derived organic matter using fecal sterols, Six stream-water samples into Masan and Haengam Bays were also sampled. Total concentrations of eight sterols (coprostanol, epichloestanol, epicoprostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, brassicasterol, stigmasterol and $\beta-sitosterol$) were in the range of $1,274\~4,768{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in suspended particulate from the stream-water, $292\~2,244{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in suspended particulate from the seawater and $4.5\~27.2{\mu}g/g$ dry weight in the sediments. Although sterol compositions in sediments, seawater and stream-water were different, cholesterol was the predominant sterol in all samples. The proportion and concentration of coprostanol, a sewage tracer, in stream-water was much higher than those in sediment and seawater. The sterol levels including coprostanol in the sediments and seawater were higher at inner basin than at the outer bay. Some molecular indices and multivariate statistical analysis were used to assess the origin of these sterols and sewage contamination in the study area. The sterol composition patterns in stream-water were mainly associated with contamination by sewage-derived organic matters and those of seawater were associated with the activities of marine-originated organisms. Sterol levels in the sediments were both from the sewage input through stream-water and the marine- originated organisms. This survey suggests that the main source/route of sewage-derived organic matters in Masan Bay is the input of stream-water into the bay.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.10-25
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• 2018

This study was conducted to estimate the habitat suitability of 17 benthic macroinvertebrate taxa in the Hwayang stream. Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) of benthic macroinvertebrates from the Hwayang stream was developed based on three physical habitat factors which include current velocity, water depth, and the substrate. The Weibull model was used as a probability density function to analyze the distribution of individual abundance by physical factors. The number of species and the total individual abundance increased along with the increase in current velocity. By means of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA), the relative importance of each factor was determined in the following order: current velocity, water depth, and the mean diameter. The results depicted that, the most influential factor in the growth of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Hwavang system was current velocity. After comparing the analyzed results from the Hwayang stream with the resukts from the Gapyeong stream, the integrated HSI was drawn. The results indicated that current velocity and substrate had similar distributions of HSI in the two streams. This was due to the addition of unmeasured data from previous surveys, or the fact that benthic macroinvertebrates adapted to deeper waters in the Hwayang Stream. Most taxa showed a clear preference for a fast current velocity, deep water depth and coarse substrate except Baetiella, Epeorus, (mayflies), and Hydropsyche (caddisfly).

• 자원환경지질
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.213-220
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• 1995

Geochemistry of stream water and sediment collected in the vicinity of the Donghae coal mine in the Samchuk coalfied were investigated in order to evaluate the environmental impacts of acid mine drainage. The pH of stream water ranges from 2.85(at 2 km away from the mine) to 7.92(at uncontaminated tributary). The main cation and anion species in the upper stream are $Ca^{2+}$ and $SO_{4}{^2-}$, respectively. The level of pH and the amount of $HCO^{3-}$ in stream water increase to the downstream and where uncontaminated small tributaries are joining, and in the area covered with limestone. From the results of thermodynamic calculation, the main forms of iron in stream water are estimated as $Fe^{2+}$ and $FeSO_{4}{^0}$, and most of them could be precipitated as FeO(OH) with increase of pH. The white precipitates in stream sediments particularly found around the coal mine are proved to be $Al(OH)_3$ by XRD and XRF analysis. As a result of investigation for seasonal variation of AMD, the level of pH decreased and conductivity increased in dry season.

• 농촌계획
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2018

Riparian management has become important as stream water quality as well as riparian ecosystem gain more public attentions. The objective of this study was to determine riparian widths based on the functions of nutrient removal and wildlife habitat protection and to apply for the Jinwee stream area as a preliminary case. Nitrogen and phosphorus filtration efficiencies were considered in water quality aspect, while the habitat radii of amphibian and reptiles were used for wildlife conservation purpose. In addition, observation of endangered species and human impact on wildlife disturbance in riparian area were also taken into account in determining riparian widths. The stream confluence zone was emphasized by doubling the riparian widths as the focal point for wildlife habitat conservation. As the results, three different levels of riparian widths were proposed depending on the major riparian functions and applied to the Jinwee stream section as the case study. The proposed method can be used to determine riparian width in other stream areas based on different functional focus, ie, water quality or riparian conservation purposes.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2007

This study uses the SWAT model to analyze the characteristics of long-term runoff at the Ssang-cheon Basin located in the city of Sokcho, which is located in the province of Gangwon. The study considers the effect of snow packing and snow melting in a runoff simulation. In this simulation, the study examines the need to introduce a snow pack and snow melt model to evaluate the water resources of the mountainous region of the Gangwon province. The findings of this study indicate that the runoff hydrograph that was produced approximates the true measured flow when the effect of the snow pack and snow melt are considered, compared to when they are not factored in. The analysis of the flow duration curve indicates that the stream flow largely increases when the effect of the snow pack and snow melt are considered. The wet stream flow was shown to increase by nearly 3% due to the melting effect, while the normal stream flow, low stream flow and drought stream flow were shown to increase by slightly more than 10%. Specifically, it was found that as the stream flow decreases, the effect of the snow pack and snow melt on the stream flow increases.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2003

The purpose of this is to evaluate Hakui Stream Naturalness Index(S.N.I). and to find out stats, problems and opportunities of the Hakui stream by assessment standard. Assessment standard is mainly based on physical structure of stream environment. The purpose evaluating sectors and elements are physical form and structure restoration of stream. To find out assessment standard of stream naturalness index, conceptual frame of assessment standard has been established, for which four sections, for example, longitudinal section, lateral section, stream bottom structure and water environment, have been selected. Overall stream naturalness index of the Hakui stream has been distributed at 3rd to 4th grade, and its assessment index accounted for 3.2 to be 3rd grade, and its mode also did 3rd grade. Stream naturalness index of each section was as follows: Longitudinal section index accounted for 3.6 in average to be 4th grade, and later section index did 3.0 to be 3rd grade, and stream bottom structure index did 3.0 to be 3rd grade, and water environment index did 2.7 to be 3rd grade. Analysis of assessment outcome of stream naturalness index has checked status, Problems and opportunities of corresponding stream. Assessment of stream naturalness index of the study provides useful information for restoration of close-to-nature stream, and furthermore has its meaning in checking problems and opportunities of Hakui stream.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.585-594
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• 2006

This study focused on the causes of fish kills and its prevention methods in Yudeung Stream, Daejeon, Korea. Intense field data, continuous water quality monitoring system and water quality modeling were applied to analyze the causes. Pollutant can be delivered to urban streams by surface runoff and combined sewer overflows in rainfall events. However, water quality analysis and water quality modeling results indicate that the abrupt fish kills in the Yudeung stream seems to be caused by combined effect of DO depletion, increase in turbidity and other toxic material. Excessive fish population in the study area may harm the aesthetic value of the stream and also has greater potential for massive fish kills. It is suggested to implement methods to reduce delivery of pollutants to the stream not only to prevent fish kills but also to keep balance of ecosystem including human uses. Frequent clean up of the urban surface and CSO, installation of detention basin will be helpful. In the long run, it seems combined sewer system has be replaced with separate sewer system for more effective pollutant removal in the urban area.