• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.4364-4384
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• 2021

The dynamic network state and the mobility of the terminals make the service function chain (SFC) orchestration mechanisms based on static and deterministic assumptions hard to be applied in SDN/NFV mobile edge computing networks. Designing dynamic and online SFC orchestration mechanism can greatly improve the execution efficiency of compute-intensive and resource-hungry applications in mobile edge computing networks. In order to increase the overall profit of service provider and reduce the resource cost, the system running time is divided into a sequence of time slots and a dynamic orchestration scheme based on an improved column generation algorithm is proposed in each slot. Firstly, the SFC dynamic orchestration problem is formulated as an integer linear programming (ILP) model based on layered graph. Then, in order to reduce the computation costs, a column generation model is used to simplify the ILP model. Finally, a two-stage heuristic algorithm based on greedy strategy is proposed. Four metrics are defined and the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated based on simulation. The results show that our proposal significantly provides more than 30% reduction of run time and about 12% improvement in service deployment success ratio compared to the Viterbi algorithm based mechanism.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.51-68
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to explore the impact of green products' claim skepticism on green purchase intention and further investigates the moderating role of environmental concern in the relationship. This study, by drawing the persuasion knowledge model expected that ambiguity avoidance penalizes less familiar brands than familiar brands. Further, the present study building on Hofstede's cultural dimension, specifically, uncertainty avoidance, undertook a scenario to understand any difference that exist between uncertainty avoidance cultural groups. This study also investigates gender differences in green claim skepticism and proclivity to purchase green products. Research design, data, and methodology: For analyzing the relationship relevant hypotheses were designed, and R-programming software was used. To test the hypotheses two independent sample t-test and regression analysis were carried out. Results: The results suggest that consumers' skepticism toward green claims influenced the intention to purchase eco-friendly products. The study finding also confirms the effect is moderated by environmental concern. Also, the findings of two scenarios reveal that consumers in high uncertainty avoidance culture exhibited a greater level of skepticism for green print advertising and green packaging claims when the brand in the advertising and packaging was unfamiliar than when it was familiar. Conclusions: To alter the negative effect of skepticism the consumer should believe the environmental claims are valid so that they can contribute to solving sustainability issues.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4D
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• pp.559-564
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to minimize negative effect of VMS travel time information service by sensitivity analysis, which forecasts the change in link traffic volume. As a result, strategies for providing travel information that can change driving patterns for minimizing travel time were found. The framework for analysis is recently expanded with the application of game theory. According to the experiment, the algorithm generated for travel time information service reduces total travel time and yields travel patterns that is very close to the system optimization. Also, this study found that the route the travel time service information is provided about could play the important role.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.874-886
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• 2023

A joint resource-optimization scheme is investigated for nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-enhanced scalable video coding (SVC) multicast in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted radio-access networks (RANs). This scheme allows a ground base station and UAVs to simultaneously multicast successive video layers in SVC with successive interference cancellation in NOMA. A video quality-maximization problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem to determine the UAV deployment and association, RAN spectrum allocation for multicast groups, and UAV transmit power. The optimization problem is decoupled into the UAV deployment-association, spectrum-partition, and UAV transmit-power-control subproblems. A heuristic strategy is designed to determine the UAV deployment and association patterns. An upgraded knapsack algorithm is developed to solve spectrum partition, followed by fast UAV power fine-tuning to further boost the performance. The simulation results confirm that the proposed scheme improves the average peak signal-to-noise ratio, aggregate videoreception rate, and spectrum utilization over various baselines.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.68-82
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• 2024

The planning stage of laser scanning is crucial for acquiring high-quality 3D source data. It involves assessing the target space's environment and formulating an effective measurement strategy. However, existing practices often overlook on-site conditions, with decisions on scanner deployment and scanning locations relying heavily on the operators' experience. This approach has resulted in frequent modifications to scanning locations and diminished 3D data quality. Previous research has explored the selection of optimal scanner locations and conducted preliminary reviews through simulation, but these methods have significant drawbacks. They fail to consider scanner inaccuracies, do not support the use of multiple scanners, rely on less accurate 2D drawings, and require specialized knowledge in 3D modeling and programming. This study introduces an optimization technique for laser scanning planning using 3D simulation to address these issues. By evaluating the accuracy of scan data from various laser scanners and their positioning for scanning a retaining wall structure in a small-scale building, this method aids in refining the laser scanning plan. It enhances the decision-making process for end-users by ensuring data quality and reducing the need for plan adjustments during the planning phase.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.11
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• pp.55-72
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• 2007

Entering the Chinese animation market is a requirement for the survival and growth of Korean animation industry. While the size of Korean domestic animation market is not big enough to explain the investment for the production of animation project, the rapidly growing Chinese market provides a great potential for Korean animation. However, in recent few years, a high entrance barrier has been raised by Chinese government who aggressively enforce the strong policy to protect and develop the Chinese animation industry, by blocking the foreign animations out of Chinese domestic TV broadcasting. As a result, Chinese animation industry has witnessed a rapid growth enough to satisfy the domestic TV programming needs, and there seems no room for Korean animation to be exposed to Chinese animation consumers, whether through export of the program or co-production with Chinese companies. Through the study on Chinese government's policies and recent development of Chinese animation industry, this article is suggesting a new strategy for Korean animation industry to effectively exploit the Chinese market. In order to overcome the entrance barrier, Korean animation industry should satisfy the needs of Chinese government and industry for mutual benefit of both countries, and it can be accomplished by positioning Korean animation industry as a partner for Chinese industry, helping China in its way to the No.1 position in the global animation market. By providing the creative development capability, business knowhow and global marketing network for the co-production project, Korean animation industry can make a win-win situation for both countries, and at this point of stage, it would be the most effective way to make a meaningful presence of Korean animation industry in Chinese market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.41
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• pp.93-114
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics and problems of the content of flower design education videos on YouTube and to search for improvement direction. The subjects of analysis were 129 pieces of videos uploaded in the last one year including 'craftman floral design' as a search term. The result shows that contents covered were practical lectures, theory lectures, test related tips, job and character introduction, test work, educational guidance and publicity. The production format could be divided into studio lecture, classroom lecture, video feature, interview, Vlog, and television program. The hub-type programming strategy that periodically uploads the videos satisfying the target audiences' interests is mostly applied. The type of lecture covered 'practical skill test' got a good response from the users. Overall, content diversity, interaction between creators and users, and harmonious programming strategies are lacking. In order to improve this, it is necessary for emotional and expressive creators to pioneer differentiated fields and practice based on actual field. The introduction of interactive elements such as games and quizzes and the application of new media technologies such as VR and AR are worth trying. Three strategic types of 'hero', 'hub', and 'how to' should be applied complementary. As the demand for education content related to flower design is expected to expand in the future, it is required to develop content that can be used in various platforms, foster professional creators, and develop associated business models.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.39
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• pp.63-93
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• 2014

The importance of citizen as a key of community safety has increased, and the legislation to support the citizen's activities is continued. However systematic and detailed action plans are not enough to something. Thus, the purpose of this research is to develop the educational program model for the citizens on patrol for the improvement of practical use. The methods of this research are to make and suggest the educational program for citizens on patrol by literature review and cases analysis of educational program implemented one years ago. The findings are suggested as belows. First, the learners need the contents can be practically used in the field and sufficient time of education. Second, the subgoal to achieve the ultimate goal of education program model should be established as 'customer-centered, field-oriented, competence reinforcement', and driving strategy must be composed of four stages as plan-design-implementation-evaluation. Also, for strategy of each stage, detailed sub-strategies from preparation to execution of education have to be considered. Third, education program must be categorized by basic-intermediate-expert courses depending on the level of learners, and theoretically and practically oriented curriculum subjects are organized in balance by each course.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.232-237
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• 2020

Given the recent pace of development and expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, the influence and ripple effects of AI technology on the whole of our lives will be very large and spread rapidly. The National Artificial Intelligence R&D Strategy, published in 2019, emphasizes the importance of artificial intelligence education for K-12 students. It also mentions STEM education, AI convergence curriculum, and budget for supporting the development of teaching materials and tools. However, it is necessary to create a new type of curriculum at a time when artificial intelligence curriculum has never existed before. With many attempts and discussions going very fast in all countries on almost the same starting line. Also, there is no suitable professor for K-12 students, and it is difficult to make K-12 students understand the concept of AI. In particular, it is difficult to teach elementary school students through professional programming in AI education. It is also difficult to learn tools that can teach AI concepts. In this paper, we propose an educational model for elementary school students to improve their understanding of AI through play or experience. This an experiential education model that combineds exploratory learning and discovery learning using multi-intelligence and the PLAY teaching-learning model to undertand the importance of data training or data required for AI education. This educational model is designed to learn how a computer that knows only binary numbers through UA recognizes images. Through code.org, students were trained to learn AI robots and configured to understand data bias like play. In addition, by learning images directly on a computer through TeachableMachine, a tool capable of supervised learning, to understand the concept of dataset, learning process, and accuracy, and proposed the process of AI inference.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.65-73
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• 1997

This paper proposes a new method of the structure pruning of dynamic recurrent neural networks (DRNN) using evolutionary computations. In general, evolutionary computations are population-based search methods, therefore it is very useful when several different properties of neural networks need to be optimized. In order to prune the structure of the DRNN in this paper, we used the evolutionary programming that searches the structure and weight of the DRNN and evolution strategies which train the weight of neuron and pruned the net structure. An addition or elimination of the hidden-layer's node of the DRNN is decided by mutation probability. Its strategy is as follows, the node which has mhnimum sum of input weights is eliminated and a node is added by predesignated probability function. In this case, the weight is connected to the other nodes according to the probability in all cases which can in- 11:ract to the other nodes. The proposed pruning scheme is exemplified on the stabilization and position control of the inverted-pendulum system and visual servoing of a robot manipulator and the effc: ctiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by numerical simulations.