• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.351-361
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• 2003

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to understand the types of coping strategies that family caregivers experience during the process of caring demented elderly: to grasp the coping strategies used for resolving this problem: and to develop a substantive theory by analyzing the coping types of the family caregivers of demented elderly. Method: The methodology of data collection and analysis used in this study was grounded theory proposed by Strauss and Corbin (1990). The data was collected through in-depth interviews with participants using open-ended and descriptive questions about their coping experiences. All data were were audio-taped and transcribed. The data were collected from February, 2000 to February, 2001. The participants of this study were 17 women. Results: Caregiver's coping types varied according to 'family's support', 'the condition of caregiver's health', 'the relationship with dementia elderly', 'family perception of dementia', 'fixed idea of traditional female role' and 'economic state'. In this study, five types of coping strategies were emerged: active role allotment tyle, meaning grant tyle, devotion tyle, duty defense type, and pessimism type. Among these, those who belong to the types of active role allotment, meaning grant, and devotion, including caregiver's good health were found to adapt themselves to caregiver roles. Conclusion: The results of this study may be helpful for developing effective and individualized nursing strategies suitable for individual caregivers coping types. It is suggested to practice nursing mediation and to analyze the changes in nursing effect and family members' adaptation based on coping types of the well-adapted caregivers as we as on their affirmative coping strategy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.293-297
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to define the main factors of marketing strategies in IT ventures, remodel types of marketing strategies in IT ventures by two core-marketing dimensions due to derived factors, and suggest marketing strategies by each strategic cluster.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.360-370
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to identify factors (pain stress, perceived stress, pain disability, fatigue, depression) strategies used by elders to cope with pain based on their type of pain belief. Method: Data were collected from 314 elders in community settings in Seoul from September to December of 2007. Cluster analysis, t-test, and ANOVA were used to analyze data. Result: The types of pain belief were classified as the following groups: Self-blame, Enduring & Mysterious, and Short-term & Understandable. Perceived stress (t=2.36, p=.02), social support (t=2.24, p=.03), extent of pain relief (t=2.39, p=.02), and duration of pain relief (t=2.09, p=.04) were important factors for active and passive coping in the Self-blame group. Pain stress (t=2.39, p=.01) and depression (t=-3.99, p=.00) were significantly related to the active coping in the Enduring & Mysterious group. Perceived stress (t=2.55, p=.01) was an important factor in the passive coping in the Short-term & Understandable group. Conclusion: Considering different types of pain belief in elders and factors that are significantly related to different coping strategies, future nursing interventions should be population specific to encourage active coping strategies and to decrease passive coping strategies.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.6 s.72
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• pp.165-175
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to classify the household financial strategies and investigate major determinants of the household financial strategies and financial performance. The data of 3,994 households is from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Stud?. The major findings were as follows. (1) The classified household financial strategies types were Residual ($44.6\%$), Informal Institutional ($13.3\%$), Financial Assets ($16.7\%$), Real Estate ($13.4\%$), and Diversified Portfolio ($12.0\%$). (2) The criteria of classification of the household financial strategies were relative, not absolute. (3) The household financial strategy types changed largely during a short period(1999-2000). (4) In all households, the variables that affected changes in household financial strategies were education, occupation, number of children, residential location and home ownership. (5) Households that employed a diversified portfolio strategy had the greatest financial performance (2,316,000 won net gain). (6) In all households, the variables that had the greatest influence on financial performance were the number of children, assets and debts. 1'he financial performance was significantly different according to changes in the household financial strategy.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.273-288
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• 2008

Types of motivation for self-determination studied in the current research included intrinsic motivation (IM) to know, IM to accomplish, IM to experience stimulation; external, introjected, identified regulation; and amotivation as related to children's self-regulated learning strategies (use of cognitive strategy and self-regulation). The Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Pintrich & DeGroot, 1990) and the Academic Motivation Scale (Vallerand et al., 1992, 1993) were administered to 123 $5^{th}$ graders (63 girls, 60 boys). Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation, multiple regression, and canonical correlation analysis. Results indicated that IM to accomplish, IM to know, and identified regulation positively and amotivation negatively affected self-regulated learning strategies. IM to accomplish and IM to know positively and amotivation negatively contributed to use of cognitive strategy and self-regulation.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.25-47
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• 2014

Based on the levels of inter-organizational information flow and the degrees of suppliers' power, this study aims to develop a framework useful for classifying four types of the buyer's e-commerce strategies in manufacturing firms: e-marketplace, e-partnership, e-procurement and supplier's e-marketplace (e-distribution). We adopted a multi-methodological approach by mixing both qualitative and quantitative methods. After developing a framework, through the cases of Cisco, JAL, Toyota Motor, KIST, AMP, and 3M, this paper aims to confirm the actual existence of the four forms of e-commerce. The results from the cases supported the four types of e-commerce strategies in manufacturing firms. With the empirical data, we also demonstrated the configuration of the framework and the four types of e-commerce strategies, and identified the characteristics (i.e., size, age, actual adoption rate of the each type of e-commerce, and supply-chain performance) of the organizations employing each strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.21 no.2 s.74
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• pp.63-69
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• 2006

The main purpose of this study is to present the strategies for strengthening the leadership of field supervisors to effectively prevent construction accidents. To this end, first, this research study reviewed the meanings, functions, types and characteristics of the leadership of field supervisors in safety management activities on construction sites through the literature review. Second, the researcher investigated the types of supervisors' leadership and the level of field safety management activities through questionnaires. Third, the types of supervisors' leadership are categorized by that level. Fourth, the leadership type of field supervisors is suggested to effectively prevent construction accidents. Finally, the strategies to promote supervisors' leadership are developed.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.267-278
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• 2013

Through quantitative analysis of two math classroom videos, combined with the relationship between types of teachers' questioning and students' answering, it is concluded the following problems are in the mathematics classroom teaching: (1) The time of teachers' questioning is longer, the number is too much, with managerial questions and prompting questions is given priority to; (2) Teachers' questioning time is longer than students' answering time, comprehensive answer is more, creative answer is little; (3) In the classroom questioning, students' participation is low; and (4) There is a significant correlation between types of teachers' questioning and length of waiting time after questions. In response to these phenomena, we propose strategies as follows: pursuit of timeliness of classroom questioning, reducing inefficient questions, to increase efficient questions, adopting different waiting strategies for different questioning types, to mobilize students' thinking activities, and improving students' participation etc.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.45-70
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• 2012

Based on the usage levels of target costing systems(TCS) and information technology (IT) infrastructure, this study aims to develop a framework useful for classifying four types of knowledge management(KM) strategies in manufacturing firms: process-oriented, product-oriented, mixed and negative. We adopted a multi-methodological approach by mixing both qualitative and quantitative methods. Before developing a framework, through a case study of the H Motor Company in Korea, this paper investigated and showed the functions of TCS in the management of tacit knowledge. The results from the case study indicated that with the use of TCS, a firm can create, transfer, and share diverse kinds of tacit knowledge among employees for the facilitation of process innovation. We also empirically confirmed the four types of KM strategies, and demonstrated the characteristics(i.e., size, total sales, age, and knowledge intensity) of the organizations adopting each strategy.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.81-99
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• 2020

This study examined the types of abduction and the thinking strategies by the mathematics problems posed by students. Four students who were 2nd graders in middle school participated in problem posing on four tasks that were given, and the problems that they posed were classified into equivalence problem, isomorphic problem, and similar problem. The type of abduction appeared were different depending on the type of problems that students posed. In case of equivalence problem, the given condition of the problems was recognized as object for posing problems and it was the manipulative abduction. In isomorphic problem and similar problem, manipulative abduction, theoretical abduction, and creative abduction were all manifested, and creative abduction was manifested more in similar problem than in isomorphic problem. Thinking strategies employed at abduction were examined in order to find out what rules were presumed by students across problem posing activity. Seven types of thinking strategies were identified as having been used on rule inference by manipulative selective abduction. Three types of knowledge were used on rule inference by theoretical selective abduction. Three types of thinking strategies were used on rule inference by creative abduction.