• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.680-685
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• 2001

In this paper, RKPM is extended for solving moderately thick and thin structures. General Timoshenko beam and Mindlin plate theory are used far formulation. Shear locking is the main difficulty in analysis of these kinds of structures. Shear relaxation factor, which is formulated using the difference between bending and shear strain energy, is introduced to overcome shear locking. Analysis results obtained reveal that RKPM using introduced method is free of locking and very effectively applicable to deeply as well as shallowly beams and plates.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.308-313
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• 2003

High temperature deformation and softening behavior of SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) has been investigated in connection with an FEM analysis of hot forging process. Flow curves at various strain rates and temperatures were determined first from compression tests, and the kinetics of dynamic recrystallization were also formulated through the analysis of load relaxation test results. Using the dynamic materials theory proposed by Prasad, the deformation behavior was effectively determined for various conditions. Constitutive relations and recrystallization kinetics formulated from the test results were then implemented in a commercial FEM code. The forming load as well as the distribution of recrystallized volume fraction after forging was successfully predicted by means of the flow stress compensation formulated upon the volume fraction of recrystallization and adiabatic heating.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 G
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• pp.2439-2441
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• 1998

In this research, the sensor and control system for self detecting masticatory muscle relaxation appliances. A strain gauge is used to measure a strength of tooth clenching force. A bridge circuit and voltage amplifier is designed to amplify measured signals and RF transmitter and receiver is also designed to communicate inner and outer mouth device. The experiments are performed to show the effectiveness of designed system.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2003

In this paper, RKPM is extended for solving moderately thick and thin beams. General Timoshenko beam theory is used for formulation. Shear locking is the main difficulty in analysis of these kinds of structures. Shear relaxation factor, which is formulated using the difference between bending and shear strain energy, and corrected shear rigidity are introduced to overcome shear locking. Analysis results obtained reveal that RKPM using introduced methods is free of locking and very effectively applicable to deep beams as well as shallow beams.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.226-231
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• 1992

식물조직의 응력완화 측정 중에 압축응력에 의하여 조직의 내부구조가 변화되는 것을 고려하여 응력완화 곡선을 직선화할 수 있는 일반화 된 실험적 모델 $[F_{(o)}t^n/(F_{(o)}-F_{(t)})=k_1+k_2t]$을 제안하였다. 여기서 $F_{(o)}$는 초기응력, $F_{(t)}$는 t시간 후의 잔여응력, $k_1$, $k_2$와 n은 상수이다. 이 모델은 오이, 감, 사과, 감자, 고구마, 당근 등의 신선한 과일 및 채소류의 응력완화 곡선의 직선화 모델로서 매우 잘 적용되었을 뿐만 아니라 염절임, 당장 및 열처리한 채소류 조직에도 잘 적용되었다. 이 모델로부터 구조거동지수로 정의한 n값은 생시료인 경우 $1.14{\sim}l.35$ 범위로 응력완화 동안에 조직변동이 큰 시료일수록 큰 값을 나타내었고 처리된 시료일 경우 1에 가까워졌다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2016

Rubber parts are widely used in many applications such as dampers, shock absorbers, and seals used in railway and automotive industries. Much research has thus far been conducted on property estimation and life prediction of rubber parts. To predict the service life of rubber parts at room temperature, most prior work adopts the well-known Arrhenius model that needs the accelerated life test in high-temperature conditions. However, they may not reflect the actual conditions of use that rubber parts are usually used under a specific strain condition during long period of time. In this context, we propose a method for the life prediction of rubber parts in actual conditions of use. The proposed method is based on the accelerated life test using stress relaxation during which three relatively high elongation percentages (100%, 200%, and 300%) are applied to the rubber specimens. Rubber specimens were prepared in accordance with KS M 6518 standard and three stress relaxation testers were fabricated for actual experiments. Finally, a inverse power model for life prediction was derived from experimental results. The predicted life was compared with the actual test life for validation.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.519-529
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• 2017

The surrounding rocks of underground openings are natural materials and their mechanical behavior under seismic load is different from traditional man-made materials. This paper proposes a framework to comprehensively model the mechanical behavior of surrounding rocks. Firstly, the effects of seismic load on the surrounding rocks are summarized. Three mechanical effects and the mechanism, including the strengthening effect, the degradation effect, and the relaxation effect, are detailed, respectively. Then, the framework for modelling the mechanical behavior of surrounding rocks are outlined. The strain-dependent characteristics of rocks under seismic load is considered to model the strengthening effect. The damage concept under cyclic load is introduced to model the degradation effect. The quantitative relationship between the damage coefficient and the relaxation zone is established to model the relaxation effect. The major effects caused by seismic load, in this way, are all considered in the proposed framework. Afterwards, an independently developed 3D dynamic FEM analysis code is adopted to include the algorithms and models of the framework. Finally, the proposed framework is illustrated with its application to an underground opening subjected to earthquake impact. The calculation results and post-earthquake survey conclusions are seen to agree well, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Based on the numerical calculation results, post-earthquake reinforcement measures are suggested.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2007

자외선 광여기 전자현미경 (Ultraviolet - Photoelectron Emission Microscopy: UV-PEEM)을 이용하여 Si (001)과 (113) 표면에 Ge을 증착하면서 실시간으로 나노구조의 형성과 크기 및 형태 변화과정을 조사하였다. Ge은 PBEM에 부착된 e-beam 증착기를 이용하여 $450-550^{\circ}C$ 온도에서 in situ로 증착하면서 표면의 변화를 PEEM으로 관찰하였다. Ge을 ${\sim}0.4\;ML/min$의 증착율로 ${\sim}4\;ML$ 이상 두께로 증착했을 때, 두 Si 표면에서 Ge의 균일한 변형층(strained layer) 위에 island 구조가 형성되었다. 초기에 형성된 원형 모양의 island는 연속적인 Ge 증착에 따라, ripening 과정에 의해 크기가 점차 성장되었고 밀도는 감소하였으나, 형태는 원형 모양을 유지하였다. 시료 성장 후 공기 중 AFM 측정 결과, Si(001) 표면에는 dome 형태의 Ge island가 Si(113) 표면에는 윗면이 평판하고 다면의 옆면을 지닌 island 구조가 형성됨이 확인되었다. 반면에 ${\sim}0.15\;ML/min$의 낮은 증착율로 Ge을 증착했을 때, Si(113) 표면에서 원형의 Ge island가 길죽한(elongated) 형태의 나노선 구조로 변형됨이 관찰되었다. 또한, 계속적인 Ge 증착 두께를 증가시킴에 따라 표면에는 새로운 island가 형성되지 않고, 기존의 island들이 점차 길이 방향으로 크기가 증가하면서 [$33\bar{2}$] 방향으로 배열하였다. 이와 같은 Ge 나노구조의 형성과 형태 변화는 나노구조 형성과정에서 변형이완(strain relaxation)과 가원자(adatom)의 표면 동역학적 효과와 깊은 관련이 있는 것으로 분석된다.

• 지질공학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 응력완화실험을 통한 포화상태에서의 토노(Tono) 화강암의 표면변형에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 실험을 위해서 실험이 진행되는 동안 실시간으로 다초첨 레이져 스캔 현미경(Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope, CLSM)으로 관찰이 가능하고 변위 및 응력에 대한 데이터 취득이 가능한 장치를 고안하였다. 광물내의 변형 및 광물경계부에서의 변형은 유한요소해석 방법을 사용하여 계산하였다. 그 결과 응력완화실험 중에는 광물 내부와 광물 경계부 모두에서 활발한 변형을 보이는 것이 관찰되었으며 이는 가해지는 응력이 높아질수록 더욱 커진다는 사실을 확인하였다. 또한 유한요소 해석의 결과는 광물내의 변화보다는 압축력에 의해서 발생되는 광물경계부에서의 변화가 더욱 크다는 것을 설명한다. 이를 도식화시켜 표현해보면 화강암 내부에서 광물 경계부의 변형이 광물 내부의 변형보다 크게 나타난다는 것을 쉽게 관찰 할 수 있다. 이는 흑운모와 석영의 물리화학적 특성에 기인된다고 사료된다. 즉 석영은 안정된 구체를 보이는 반면에 흑운모는 층상형태로 약한 결합구조를 보이고 있기 때문으로 판단된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2017

In this work, we present a theoretical framework to study the thermovisco-elastic responses of homogeneous, isotropic and perfectly conducting medium subjected to inclined load. Based on recently developed generalized thermoelasticity theory with fractional order strain, the two-dimensional governing equations are obtained in the context of generalized magnetothermo-viscoelasticity theory without energy dissipation. The Kelvin-Voigt model of linear viscoelasticity is employed to describe the viscoelastic nature of the material. The resulting formulation of the field equations is solved analytically in the Laplace and Fourier transform domain. On the application of inclined load at the surface of half-space, the analytical expressions for the normal displacement, strain, temperature, normal stress and tangential stress are derived in the joint-transformed domain. To restore the fields in physical domain, an appropriate numerical algorithm is used for the inversion of the Laplace and Fourier transforms. Finally, we have demonstrated the effect of magnetic field, viscosity, mechanical relaxation time, fractional order parameter and time on the physical fields in graphical form for copper material. Some special cases have also been deduced from the present investigation.