• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.655-667
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• 2009

An experimental study is performed on reducing the pollutants supplied by storm water through enhancing efficiency of SS from the detention storage tank where CSOs are kept temporarily before discharge to the receiving water system. SS removal efficiency is investigated in accordance with various conditions of the detention pond-such as its length, the existence of training wall, and the use of gravel filling. The removal efficiency is strongly affected by the detention pond's length until the critical falling distance of the suspended solids is reached. For cases where the tank has a length longer than this critical condition, the removal rate shows less sensitivity. To enhance the SS removal efficiency of tanks of shorter than the critical length, we studied alternative types of tank in which inside training walls are installed. The results showed improvement of 14 to 37% in removal efficiency in 2hours detention(2 training walls). The important factor in achieving a high SS removal rate is ensuring the critical length of the detention pond, but for the cases where the basin length cannot be guaranteed, baffles or a gravel filling scheme may be introduced to attain considerable efficiency. The results of studying and comparing different storage tank conditions show that, in terms of elimination efficiency, a storage tank with gravel filling and training walls > a storage tank with gravel filling > a storage tank with training walls > an empty tank. The experimental results should contribute to development of related further research, by empirically verifying the already assumed importance of critical falling distance, training walls, and gravel filling schemes.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.557-564
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• 2009

A combined sewer system can quickly drain both storm water and sewage, improve the living environment and resolve flood measures. A combined sewer system is much superior to separate sewer system in reduction of the non-point source pollutant load. However, during rainfall. it is impossible in time, space and economic terms to cope with the entire volume of storm water. A sewage system that exceeds the capacity of the sewer facilities drain into the river mixed with storm-water. In addition, high concentration of CSOs by first-flush increase pollution load and reduce treatment efficiency in sewage treatment plant. The aim of this study was to develope a processing unit for the removal of high CSOs concentrations in relation to water quality during rainfall events in a combined sewer. The most suitable operational design for processing facilities under various conditions was also determined. With a designed discharge of 19.89 m/min, the removal efficiency was good, without excessive overflow, but it was less effective in relation to underflow, and decreased with decreasing particle size and specific gravity. It was necessary to lessen radius of vortex separator for increasing inlet velocity in optimum range for efficient performance, and removal efficiency was considered to high because of rotation increases through enlargement of comparing height of vortex separator in diameter. By distribution of influent particle size, the actual turbulent flow and experimental results was a little different from the theoretical removal efficiency due to turbulent effect in device.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2009

Water quality of the Lake Youngrang in the Sokcho City is eutrophic. Jangcheon is the largest inflow source to the lake. Major pollutant sources are stormwater runoff from resort areas and various land uses in the Jangcheon watershed. A storm sewer on the southern end of the lake is also an important pollution source. In this study, water quality modelling for Lake Youngrang was carried out considering the rainfall-runoff pollution loads from the watershed. The rainfall-runoff curves and the rainfall-runoff pollutant load curves were derived from the rainfall-runoff survey data during the recent 4 years. The rainfall-runoff pollution loads and flow from the Jangcheon watershed and the storm sewer were estimated using the two kinds of curves, and they were used as the flow and the boundary data of the WASP model. With the measured water quality data of the year 2005 and 2006, WASP model was calibrated. Non-point pollution control measures such as wet pond and infiltration trench were considered as the alternative for water quality management of the lake. The predicted water quality were compared with those under the present condition, and the improvement effect of the lake water quality were analyzed.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2009

Combined sewer system (CSS) has been built in the most urban areas across the nation. During dry weather conditions, CSS works fine. But during heavy rain storms, combined sewage frequently overflows into the stream. This study simulated the hydrologic cycle and pollutant loads (BOD, SS, TN and TP) in the Mokgamcheon watershed considering combined sewer overflows (CSOs). PC storm water management model (PCSWMM) was used for continuous simulation and CSOs are considered using the flow divider. Sensitivity analysis, calibration and verification for water quantity and quality are carried out. To verify CSOs, field measurements of CSOs are compared with simulated results. As a result, 41.3% of precipitation flows into the stream directly and 1.1% of water supply flows into stream as CSOs. 6.5% of BOD total loads, 12.0% of SS, 13.6% of TP, and 29.2% of TN are from CSOs. This result will be effective to the integrated watershed management for sustainability.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2001

A grid-based KIneMatic wave soil-water EROsion and deposition Model(KIMEROM) that predicts temporal variation and spatial distribution of sediment transport in a watershed was developed. This model uses ASCII-formatted map data supported from the regular gridded map of GRASS (U.S. Army CERL, 1993)-GIS(Geographic Information Systems), and generates the distributed results by ASCII-formatted map data. For hydrologic process, the kinematic wave equation and Darcy equation were used to simulated surface and subsurface flow, respectively (Kim, 1998; Kim et al., 1998). For soil erosion process, the physically-based soil erosion concept by Rose and Hairsine (1988) was used to simulate soil-water erosion and deposition. The model adopts single overland flowpath algorithm and simulates surface and subsurface water depth, and sediment concentration at each grid element for a given time increment. The model was tested to a 162.3 $\textrm{km}^2$ watershed located in the tideland reclaimed ares of South Korea. After the hydrologic calibration for two storm events in 1999, the results of sediment transport were presented for the same storm events. The results of temporal variation and spatial distribution of overland flow and sediment areas are shown using GRASS.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.163-174
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• 2015

도시화로 인하여 자연적인 물순환이 파괴되었고 이는 도시 홍수 등의 문제를 야기하였다. 이를 해결하기 위해, 개발 이전의 상태로 물순환을 회복하는 것을 목표로 하는 저영향개발(Low Impact Development, LID) 기법이 대두되었다. 기존의 LID관련 연구는 주로 유출 저감 효과에 집중되어 있었으며 강우 유형에 따른 LID 기법별 효과에 관한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 수문 모의를 통하여 LID의 물수지 개선 효과를 강우 및 공간 유형별로 정량적으로 평가하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 경기도 하남의 택지개발지구의 한 블록을 연구 대상지로 하여, 개별 LID시설의 모의가 가능한 STORM모형을 사용하였다. 강우 유형은 강우 강도에 따라서 두 가지로 구분하였으며 모의한 LID시설은 옥상녹화, 투수성 포장, 식생수로에 한하였다. 연구 결과 LID의 물수지 개선은 극한 강우 사상보다 낮은 강우강도의 강우에 더 효과적이며 기법별로는 낮은 강우강도일 때에는 투수포장, 높은 강우강도일 때에는 생태수로가 가장 낮은 유출률과 높은 침투율을 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 물순환을 고려한 공간 계획 시 참고자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2002

Accurate quantitative forecasting of rainfall for basins with a short response time is essential to predict flash floods. In this study, a Quantitative Flood Forecasting (QFF) model was developed by incorporating the evolving structure and frequency of intense weather systems and by using neural network approach. Besides using radiosonde and rainfall data, the model also used the satellite-derived characteristics of storm systems such as tropical cyclones, mesoscale convective complex systems and convective cloud clusters as input. The convective classification and tracking system (CCATS) was used to identify and quantify storm properties such as lifetime, area, eccentricity, and track. As in standard expert prediction systems, the fundamental structure of the neural network model was learned from the hydroclimatology of the relationships between weather system, rainfall production and streamflow response in the study area. All these processes stretched leadtime up to 18 hours. The QFF model will be applied to the mid-Atlantic region of United States in a forthcoming paper.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2007년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.94-97
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• 2007

This study aims to find the characteristics of damage and states of natural disasters at Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do from 1985 to 2004. Using the data of Statistical yearbook of calamities issued by the National Emergency Management Agency and Annual Climatological Report issued by the Korea Meteorological Administration. we have analyzed the cause, elements, and vulnerable regions for natural disasters. Major causes of natural disaster at Gimhae are four, such as a heavy rain, heavy rain typhoon, typhoon, storm snow, and storm. The cause of disaster recorded the most amount of damage is typhoon. The areas of Hallim-myeon, Sangdong-myeon, and Saengnim-myeon are classified the vulnerable region for the natural disasters in Gimhae. Therefore, it seems necessary to build natural disaster mitigation plan each cause of disaster to control water resources and to reduce damage for these areas.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.102-114
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• 2003

The objectives of the paper are to evaluate cell based pollutant loadings for different storm events, to monitor the hydrology and water quality of the Baran HP#6 watershed, and to validate AGNPS with the field data. Simplification was made to AGNPS in estimating storm erosivity factors from a triangular rainfall distribution. GIS-AGNPS interface model consists of three subsystems; the input data processor based on a geographic information system. the models. and the post processor Land use patten at the tested watershed was classified from the Landsat TM data using the artificial neural network model that adopts an error back propagation algorithm. AGNPS model parameters were obtained from the GIS databases, and additional parameters calibrated with field data. It was then tested with ungauged conditions. The simulated runoff was reasonably in good agreement as compared with the observed data. And simulated water quality parameters appear to be reasonably comparable to the field data.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
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• pp.200-204
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• 2012

In engineering hydrology, an estimation of precipitation loss is one of the most important issues for successful modeling to forecast flooding or evaluate water resources for both surface and subsurface flows in a watershed. An accurate estimation of precipitation loss is required for successful implementation of rainfall-runoff models. Precipitation loss or hydrological abstraction may be defined as the portion of the precipitation that does not contribute to the direct runoff. It may consist of several loss elements or abstractions of precipitation such as infiltration, depression storage, evaporation or evapotranspiration, and interception. A composite loss rate model that combines four loss rates over time is derived as a lumped form of a continuous time function for a storm event. The composite loss rate model developed is an exponential model similar to Horton's infiltration model, but its parameters have different meanings. In this model, the initial loss rate is related to antecedent precipitation amounts prior to a storm event, and the decay factor of the loss rate is a composite decay of four losses.