• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2024

This study selected the worst-case scenario for fireball and vapor cloud explosion (VCE) of a styrene monomer storage tank installed in a petrochemical production plant and performed damage prediction and accident impact analysis. The range of influence of radiant heat and overpressure due to fireball and vapor VCE during the abnormal polymerization reaction of styrene monomer, the main component of the mixed residue oil storage tank, was quantitatively analyzed by applying the e-CA accident damage prediction program. The damage impact areas of radiant heat and explosion overpressure are analyzed to have a maximum radius of 1,150m and 626m, respectively. People within 1,150m of radiant heat of 4kW/m2 may have their skin swell when exposed to it for 20 seconds. In buildings within 626m, where an explosion overpressure of 21kPa is applied, steel structures may be damaged and separated from the foundation, and people may suffer physical injuries. In the event of a fire, explosion or leak, determine the risk standards such as the degree of risk and acceptability to workers in the work place, nearby residents, or surrounding facilities due to radiant heat or overpressure, identify the hazards and risks of the materials handled, and establish an emergency response system. It is expected that it will be helpful in establishing measures to minimize damage to workplaces through improvement and investment activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 2024

Accidents due to aircraft fuel defects rank in the top 13 of the 34 accident types described by CAST-ICAO Common Taxonomy Team(CICTT). Aircraft accidents occur because of the inflow of moisture or pollutants depending on the distribution process and storage environment. To confirm the change in physical properties of the aircraft oil stored for a long time, we stored JET A-1 aircraft oil in a metal can to observe the change after six months. We confirmed that the aircraft oil stored for a long time satisfied the quality standards, and the stability of the fuel oil was high. However, in scenarios in which aircraft oil is stored separately on ships, onshore storage facilities, oil fields, etc., owing to the nature of missions, such as in marine police aircraft, the inflow of moisture or pollutants may likely occur due to changes in the internal and external environment. In addition, pollutants can be analyzed using existing tests and distillation properties, but for moisture, domestic and international standards and domestic laws determine the moisture separation ability of aircraft oil through the water separation index, but the moisture content is not analyzed. Therefore, aviation safety must be secured by adding quality control standards for moisture content and performing revisions to uniformize domestic and international standards and laws.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2018

The Korean government attempts to reduce $CO_2$ emissions by 37% to 314.7 Mt $CO_2$, down from the estimated 850.6 Mt $CO_2$ until 2030 in order to confront green house effect. In this context, in 2014, Korean government launched $CO_2$ Storage Environmental Management Research (K-COSEM) Center for carrying out pilot-scale research on $CO_2$ leakage from underground $CO_2$ storage facilities. For the detection of $CO_2$ leakage, it is necessary to identify hydrologeological and geophysical characteristics of the subject area. In the study site of Naesan-ri, Daeso-myeon, Eumseong-gun, Chungbuk Province, two times injection tests (June 28-July 24, 2017 and August 07-September 11, 2017) of $CO_2$ and $SF_6$ dissolved waters, respectively, was conducted to understand the leakage behavior of $CO_2$ from underground. The injection well was drilled to a depth of 24 m with a 21-m casing and screen interval of 21~24 m depth. Two times resistivity surveys on August 18, 2017 and September 1, 2017, were conducted for revealing the flow of the injected water as well as the electrical properties of the study site. The study results have shown that the high-resistivity zone and the low-resistivity zone are clearly contrasted with each other and the flow direction of the injected water is similar to natural groundwater flow. Besides, the low resistivity zone is widely formed from the depth of injection to the shallow topsoil, indicating that the weathered zone of high permeability has high $CO_2$ leakage potential.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.334-342
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• 2012

It is connected with various gauges existing in Euro-Asian continents. Such differences impedes the operation seriously as on the contact of railway tracks of different gauge the cargo must be either transshipped or the running assemblies of rail vehicles must be exchanged. Those operations are costly, time-consuming and require extended infrastructure together with very expensive storage and transshipment facilities at border-crossing point. Moreover, those operations extend transportation time considerably. Therefore, effectiveness of railway transportation systems significantly depends on track gauge change 1435/1520mm, which connects with complicated handling-shifting operations. The paper concerns assessment of effectiveness in strategical rail systems with gauge changing. The paper presents short description of transport system with gauge changing and initial assessment of shifting technologies. Method of system assessment comparison based on Life Cycle Cost model is described here as well.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.75-82
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• 2015

Although the government has revised the child welfare act, institutionalized the establishment of local children's centers, and given financial support for them, there are a number of problems with respect to their operation. Specifically, one of main problems is their limited space. Diverse problems that go with the arrangement of limited space and usability have occurred, however there are only a few strategies to use limited space flexibly. This study assumed variability as one of the methods to solve spatial problems. As a basic research for the assumption, Analyzing the variable method and characteristics of domestic and foreign child-care facility guidelines was performed trying to take advantage of as a basic data in order to seek a variable scheme of local children centers' indoor space. For this purpose, study analysed the methods and characteristics of variability centering on aspects related to variability which are environmental design elements required by local children's centers as suggested in previous studies. The results are as follows. First, the variability of space should be planned according to activity and time, and consider the methods of division, storage, and other facilities necessary. Second, methods of variability in space can be classified into creating areas and structures that are variable. Third, as a result of analysing the environmental design elements required by local children's centers, this study discovered the following characteristics: multi-purpose usability through a combination of variable devices, transition through a variable space medium and setting up areas and expansion of indoor variability assuming usability through internal and external connections.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.195-220
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• 2020

This study aims at identifying the influence factors on public library patron numbers through a time-series analysis using the Korean National Libraries Statistical Data from 2014 to 2019. The facts found can be summarized as follows; First, the variables of books collection and periodicals appeared constantly to be unsignificant in the influence on public library patron numbers through the period from 2014 to 2019. This suggests that the internet may be substituting public libraries in the service of access to ordinary books and periodicals, which has been considered as a main function of public libraries. Second, such factors as cultural or books programs, library operation, user activities, and facilities turned out to be more significant and continual in the influence on public library patron numbers than the factor of books collection and storage. This means that public libraries have a complementary relation with the internet in these fields.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2018

Salmonella infections in livestock industry cause various problems such as worsening animal welfare and productivity, damaging consumer confidence in the food safety of animal products. Chicken meat and eggs are known as major source of pathogen causing human foodborne infections. Therefore food safety concerns have prompted the poultry producers and governments to introduce the strategy and regulation to control these pathogens. Salmonella can persist for long periods of time in a wide range of spaces including feed bin, feed processing facilities, poultry farm, slaughterhouse, processing plants, etc. For the effective and constant Salmonella control, combination of pre-harvest, harvest and post-harvest measures should be considered comprehensively. The control measures would be most effective at farm level where the contamination initiates. Transmission of pathogen from feed origin to the live poultry and finally to the products was proven already. To control bacteria in the feed ingredients and formula feed, thermal processing, irradiation or chemical treatment may be applied. Chemical treatments to inhibit Salmonella in the feed involve the use of products containing organic acids, formaldehyde, or a combination of such compounds. However, recontamination which might occur during storage and transport process and/or by other various factors should always be under control and eliminated. Feed additives used to control Salmonella in birds' gastrointestinal track can be of various types, including prebiotics, probiotics, organic acids and bacteriophages. Although their mode of action varies, they ultimately inhibit the colonization of Salmonella in the gut and improve the performance of birds. This review describes the strategies that could be adapted to the management of feedstuffs and the use of feed additives in pre-harvest stage to control Salmonella contamination in poultry farming.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Seed dehiscence of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mayer) is affected by moisture, temperature, storage conditions and microbes. Several microbes were isolated from completely dehisced seed coat of ginseng cultivars, Chunpoong and Younpoong at Gumsan, Korea. We investigated the potential of five Talaromyces flavus isolates from the dehiscence of ginseng seed in four traditional stratification facilities. The isolates showed antagonistic activities against fungal plant pathogens, such as Cylindrocarpon destructans, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia nivalis, Botrytis cinerea, and Phytophthora capsici. The dehiscence ratios of ginseng seed increased more than 33% by treatment of T. flavus GG01, GG02, GG04, GG12, and GG23 in comparison to control (28%). Among the treatments, the reformulating treatment of T. flavus isolates GG01 and GG04 showed the highest of stratification ratio of ginseng seed. After 16 weeks, the reformulating treatment of T. flavus isolates GG01 and GG04 significantly enhanced dehiscence of ginseng seed by about 81% compared to the untreated control. The candidate's treatment of T. flavus GG01 and GG04 showed the highest decreasing rate of 93% in seed coat hardness for 112 days in dehiscence period. The results suggested that the pre-inoculation of T. flavus GG01 and GG04 found to be very effective applications in improving dehiscence and germination of ginseng seed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.52-67
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• 2011

The research investigates the identification of necessary geographic information needed by forest fire suppression helicopter pilots, and the ways to acquire the required information from public institutions. Firefighting helicopter pilots demand 7 physical geographic and 13 human geographic data. Applying the geographical information acquired from Korean public institutions, the following 15 characteristics (3 physical geographic, 12 human geographic) can be found: altitude and highlands, river, high population and urban areas, roads, national park and state boundaries, fuel re-supply facilities, freshwater areas, cultural assets, (LPG)gas charging stations, gas stations, ammunition storage areas, ground power cables, and steel towers. Within the database of physical geography, there is a need for improvement on bird habitat details. Also, the availability of visibility, wind directions, and wind velocity data is limited and therefore requires refining. The location of refueling areas can be obtained by applying information received from institutions to the GIS spatial analysis.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2018

An FLNG (floating liquefied natural gas) or LNG FPSO (floating production, storage and offloading) unit is a notable offshore unit with the increasing demand for LNG. The liquefaction process on an FLNG unit is the most important process because it determines the economic feasibility, but would be a hazard source because of the large quantity of hydrocarbons. While a high efficiency process such as C3MR has been preferred for onshore liquefaction processes, a relatively simple process such as the SMR (single mixed refrigerant) or DMR (dual mixed refrigerant) liquefaction process has been selected for offshore units because they require a more compact size, lighter weight, and higher safety due to their space limitation for facilities and long distance from shore. It is known that an SMR has the advantages of a simple configuration, small footprint, and lower risk. However, with an increased production rate, the inherent safety of SMR needs to be evaluated because of its small train capacity. In this study, the potential explosion risks of the SMR and DMR liquefaction processes were evaluated at the conceptual design stage. The results showed that an SMR has a lower overpressure than a DMR at the same frequency, only with a small production capacity of 0.9 MTPA. With increased capacity, the overpressure of the SMR was higher than that of the DMR. The increased number of trains increased the frequency in spite of the small amount of equipment per train. This showed that the inherent risk of an SMR is not always lower than that of a DMR, and an additional risk management strategy is recommended when an SMR is selected as the concept for an FLNG liquefaction process compared to the DMR liquefaction process.