• Title/Summary/Keyword: Storage Location

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Fraud Detection in E-Commerce

  • Alqethami, Sara;Almutanni, Badriah;AlGhamdi, Manal
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.312-318
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    • 2021
  • Lack of knowledge and digital skills is a threat to the information security of the state and society, so the formation and development of organizational culture of information security is extremely important to manage this threat. The purpose of the article is to assess the state of information security of the state and society. The research methodology is based on a quantitative statistical analysis of the information security culture according to the EU-27 2019. The theoretical basis of the study is the theory of defense motivation (PMT), which involves predicting the individual negative consequences of certain events and the desire to minimize them, which determines the motive for protection. The results show the passive behavior of EU citizens in ensuring information security, which is confirmed by the low level of participation in trainings for the development of digital skills and mastery of basic or above basic overall digital skills 56% of the EU population with a deviation of 16%. High risks to information security in the context of damage to information assets, including software and databases, have been identified. Passive behavior of the population also involves the use of standard identification procedures when using the Internet (login, password, SMS). At the same time, 69% of EU citizens are aware of methods of tracking Internet activity and access control capabilities (denial of permission to use personal data, access to geographical location, profile or content on social networking sites or shared online storage, site security checks). Phishing and illegal acquisition of personal data are the biggest threats to EU citizens. It have been identified problems related to information security: restrictions on the purchase of products, Internet banking, provision of personal information, communication, etc. The practical value of this research is the possibility of applying the results in the development of programs of education, training and public awareness of security issues.

Efficient RFID Authentication protocol for Distribution Database Environment (분산시스템 환경에 적합한 효율적인 RFID 인증 시스템)

  • Choi, Eun-Young;Lee, Su-Mi;Lim, Jong-In;Lee, Dong-Hoon
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.25-35
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    • 2006
  • Radio Frequency identification (RFID) will become an important technology in remotely object identification systems. However, the use of RFID tags may create new threats to the sniな and Privacy of individuals holding RFID tags. These threats bring several problems which are information leakage of a tag, location trace of individuals and impersonation of a tag. Low-cost RFID systems have much restrictions such as the limited computing power, passive power mechanism and low storage space. Therefore, the cost of tag's computation should be considered as an important factor in low-cost RFID systems. We propose an authentication protocol, OHLCAP which requires only one one-way hash function operation and hence is very efficient. Furthermore, our protocol is suitable to distribution database environment. Hence our scheme can be applied to ubiquitous computing environment.

Investigation on Water Leakage-Induced Tunnel Structure and Ground Responses Using Coupled Hydro-Mechanical Analysis (수리역학 연계해석을 이용한 누수로 인한 터널 구조물 및 지반 거동의 분석)

  • Dohyun Park
    • Tunnel and Underground Space
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.265-280
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    • 2023
  • Water leakage in tunnels is a defect that can affect tunnel stability and the ground movement by changing the stress and pore water pressure of the surrounding ground. Long-term or large-scale water leaks may lead to damage of tunnel structure and the surrounding environment, such as tunnel lining instability and ground surface settlement. The present study numerically investigated the effects of water leakage on the structural stability of a tunnel and the ground behavior. The tunnel was assumed to be under undrained conditions for preventing the inflow of the surrounding water and leaks occurred in the concrete lining after completion of the tunnel construction. A coupled hydro-mechanical analysis using a TOUGH-FLAC simulator developed in Python was conducted for assessing the leakage induced-behavior of the tunnel structure and ground under different conditions of the amount and location of water leak. Additionally, the effect of hydro-mechanical coupling terms on the results of coupled response was investigated and discussed.

A Design of Industrial Safety Service using LoRa Gateway Networks (LoRa 게이트웨이 네트워크를 활용한 산업안전서비스 설계)

  • Chang, Moon-soo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2021.10a
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    • pp.313-316
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    • 2021
  • In the IoT(IoT: Internet of Things) environment, network configuration is essential to collect data generated from objects. Various communication methods are used to process data of objects, and wireless communication methods such as Bluetooth and WiFi are mainly used. In order to collect data of objects, a communication module must be installed to collect data generated from sensors or edge devices in real time. And in order to deliver data to the database, a software architecture must be configured. Data generated from objects can be stored and managed in a database in real time, and data necessary for industrial safety can be extracted and utilized for industrial safety service applications. In this paper, a network environment was constructed using a LoRa(LoRa: Long Range) gateway to collect object data, and a client/server data collection model was designed to collect object data transmitted from the LoRa module. In order to secure the resources necessary for data collection and storage management without data leakage, data collection should be possible in real time. As an application service, location data required for industrial safety can be stored and managed in a database in real time.

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Economic Feasibility Analysis for Introducing Integrated Management System for Supporting Underground Construction (지하구조물건설 현장지원 통합관리시스템 도입을 위한 경제적 타당성 분석)

  • Baek, Hyeon Gi;Jang, Yong Gu;Seo, Jong Won
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.30 no.5D
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    • pp.513-522
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    • 2010
  • Underground construction for traffic networks, complexes, and storage facilities has risen as an effective land use plan for dealing with emerging problems such as overcrowded urban cities and traffic jams. This paper performed an economic feasibility analysis of the development of the integrated field management system which provides field workers and managers with 3D-based location tracking and clear communication during underground construction works. To conduct the analysis, processes and problems of field management for underground construction were analyzed and deduction in accidents and field management costs and productivity improvement were estimated as expected benefits. Based on computed benefits and costs, an economic analysis was conducted using Benefit/Cost ratio(B/C), Net Present Value(NPV), and Internal Rate of Return(IRR) and then sensitivity analysis was performed to cope with the uncertainty of assumed variables.

A Study on the Determination of Optimal Location and Size for Underground Sluiceway Design (지하방수로 설계를 위한 적정 위치선정 및 규모 결정에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jong-Tae;Lim, Taek-Sun;Hur, Sung-Chul;Park, Sang-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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    • v.8 no.5
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    • pp.137-145
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    • 2008
  • In this study, to reduce the flood damage caused by flood discharge exceeding project flood, the primary technology was applied to determining the optimal location and size for underground sluiceway. The Jungrang Stream was selected for this study because the stream was overflowed and the embankment section of the stream was destroyed owing to localized torrential rainfall in 1998 and 2001. Considering 200-year frequency storm, the inlets of the underground discharge channel were located at Seoul City limits, the confluence of Danghyun Stream, Wolgye 1-gyo, and the confluence of Mukdong Stream. The outlets were located at the estuary of Jungrang Stream and rightbank of Banpo Bridge in Han River. The transverse discharge according to the variation of overflow depth at the inlet of underground discharge channel was estimated and the effect of inundation reduction was analyzed. To examine the appropriate scale of the underground discharge channel, the 8 operation methods for the management of outlet discharge were compared considering four rules (only storage, the constant discharge rate, the constant discharge volume, and the mixture of the constant discharge rate and discharge volume). As a result, the effect of inundation reduction was most significantly improved when the inlet was located at the confluence of Danghyun Stream. The appropriate size of underground sluiceway for 200-year frequency storm was studied, and as a result, the appropriate diameters of the underground discharge channel were 12 m in case of only storage(Rule D), 9m in 50% of discharge(Rule E), 8 m in constant discharge volume(Rule F), and 7 m in mixture method(Rule G). This investigation process can be applied to design the underground discharge channel when the inundation damage is significant in coastal area due to embankment overflow. The underground discharge channel in Jungrang Stream can also be used as an underground road to link Seoul City to Uijeongbu City during dry season.

A study on the improvement of distribution system by overseas agricultural investment (해외농업투자에 따른 유통체계 개선방안에 관한 연구)

  • Sun, Il-Suck;Lee, Dong-Ok
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.17-26
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    • 2010
  • Recently concerns have been raised due to the unbalanced supply of crops: the price of crops has been unstable and at one point the price went up so high that the word Agflation(agriculture+ inflation) was coined. Korea, in particular, is a small-sized country and needs to secure the stable supply of crops by investing in the produce importation at a national level. Investment in foreign produce importation is becoming more important as a measure for sufficient supply of crops, limited supply of domestic crops, weakened farming conditions worldwide, as well as recent changes in the use of crops due to the development of bio-fuels, influence of carbon emission on crops, the price increase in crops, and influx of foreign hot money. However, there are many problems with investing in foreign produce importation: lack of support from the government; lack of farming information and technology; difficulty in securing the capital; no immediate pay-off from the investment and insufficient management. Although foreign produce is originally more price-competitive than domestic produce, it loses its competiveness in the process of importation (due to high tariffs) and poor distribution system, which makes it difficult to sell in Korea. Therefore, investment in foreign produce importation is being questioned for feasibility; to make it possible, foreign produce must maintain the price-competitiveness. Especially, harvest of agricultural products depends on natural and geographical conditions of each country and those products have indigenous properties, so distribution system according to import and export of agricultural products should be treated more carefully than that of other industries. Distribution costs are differentiated into each item and include cost of sorting and wrapping, cost of wrapping materials, cost of domestic transport, cost of international transport and cost of clearing customs for import and export. So transporting and storing agricultural products generates considerable costs compared with other products. Also, due to upgrade of dietary life, needs for stability, taste and visible quality toward food including agricultural products are being raised and wrong way of storage causes decomposition of food and loss of freshness, making the storage more difficult than that in room temperature, so storage and transport in distribution of agricultural products needs specialty. In addition, because lack of specialty in distribution and circulation such as storage and wrapping does not solve limit factors in distance, the distribution and circulation has been limited to a form of import and export within short-distant region. Therefore, need for distribution out-sourcing which can satisfy specialty in managing distribution and circulation and it is needed to establish more effective distribution system. However, existing distribution system of agricultural products is exposed to various problems including problems in distribution channel, making distribution and strategy for distribution and those problems are as follows. First, in case of investment in overseas agricultural industry, stable supply of the products is difficult because areas of production are dispersed widely and influenced by outer factors due to including overseas distribution channels. Also, at the aspect of quality, standardization of products is difficult, distribution system is quite complicated and unreasonable due to long distribution channels according to international trade and financial and institutional support is not enough. Especially, there are quite a lot of ineffective factors including multi level distribution process, dramatic gap between production cost and customer's cost, lack of physical distribution facilities and difficulties in storage and transport due to lack of wrapping containers. Besides, because import and export of agricultural products has been manages under the company's own distribution according to transaction contract between manufacturers and exporting company, efficiency is low due to excessive investment in fixed costs and lack of specialty in dealing with agricultural products causes fall of value of products, showing the limit to lose price-competitiveness. Especially, because lack of specialty in distribution and circulation such as storage and wrapping does not solve limit factors in distance, the distribution and circulation has been limited to a form of import and export within short-distant region. Therefore, need for distribution out-sourcing which can satisfy specialty in managing distribution and circulation and it is needed to establish more effective distribution system. Second, among tangible and intangible services which promote the efficiency of the whole distribution, a function building distribution environment which includes distribution information, system for standard and inspection, distribution finance, system for diversification of risks, education and training, distribution administration and tax system is wanted. In general, such a function building distribution environment is difficult to be changed and supplement innovatively because its effect compared with investment does not appear immediately despite of its necessity. Especially, in case of distribution of agricultural products, as a function of collecting and distributing is performed individually through various channels, the importance of distribution information and standardization is getting more focus due to the problem of repetition of work and lack of specialty. Also, efficient management of distribution is quite difficult due to lack of professionals in distribution, so support to professional education is needed. Third, though effort to keep self-sufficiency ratio of staple food, rice is regarded as important at the government level, level of dependency on overseas of others crops is high. Therefore, plan for stable securing food resources aside from staple food is also necessary. Especially, governmental organizations of agricultural products distribution in Korea are production-centered and have unreasonable structure whose function at the aspect of distribution and consumption is quite insufficient. And development of new distribution channels which can deal with changes in distribution environment and they do not achieve actual results of strategy for distribution due to non-positive strategy for price distribution. That is, it implies the possibility that base for supply will become vulnerable because it does not mediate appropriate interests on total distribution channels such as manufacturers, wholesale dealers and vendors by emphasizing consumer protection excessively in the distribution of agricultural products. Therefore, this study examined fundamental concept and actual situation for our investment to overseas agriculture, drew necessities, considerations, problems, etc. of overseas agricultural investment and suggested improvements at the level of distribution for price competitiveness of agricultural products cultivated in overseas under five aspects; government's indirect support, distribution's modernization and distribution information function's strengthening, government's political support for distribution facility, transportation route, load and unloading works' improvement, price competitiveness' securing, professional manpower's cultivation by education and training, etc. Here are some suggestions for foreign produce importation. First, the government should conduct a survey on the current distribution channels and analyze the situation to establish a measure for long-term development plans. By providing each agricultural area with a guideline for planning appropriate production of crops, the government can help farmers be ready for importation, and prevent them from producing same crops all at the same time. Government can sign an MOU with the foreign government and promote the importation so that the development of agricultural resources can be stable and steady. Second, the government can establish a strategy for an effective distribution system by providing farmers and agriculture-related workers with the distribution information such as price, production, demand, market structure and location, feature of each crop, and etc. In order for such distribution system to become feasible, the government needs to reconstruct the current distribution system, designate a public organization for providing distribution information and set the criteria for level of produce quality, trade units, and package units. Third, the government should provide financial support and a policy to seek an efficient distribution channel for foreign produce to be delivered fresh: the government should expand distribution facilities (for selecting, packaging, storing, and processing) and transportation vehicles while modernizing old facilities. There should be another policy to improve the efficiency of unloading, and to lower the cost of distribution. Fourth, it is necessary to enact a new law covering exceptional cases for importing produce in order to maintain the price competitiveness; currently the high tariffs is keeping the imported produce from being distributed domestically. However, the new adjustment should be made carefully within the WTO regulations since it can create a problem from giving preferential tariffs. The government can also simplify the distribution channels in order to reduce the cost in the distribution process. Fifth, the government should educate distributors to raise the efficiency and to modernize the distribution system. It is necessary to develop human resources by educating people regarding the foreign agricultural environment, the produce quality, management skills, and by introducing some successful cases in advanced countries.

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A Study on the Linkage Method between Emergency Simulation Model and Other Models (비상대비 시뮬레이션 모델의 타 모델 연동방안 연구)

  • Bang, Sang-Ho;Lee, Seung-Lyong
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.20 no.11
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    • pp.301-313
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    • 2020
  • This study is a study on the interlocking method between emergency preparedness simulation model and military exercise war game model. The national emergency preparedness government exercises are being carried out by a message exercise and technology development for simulation models is being carried out to create a situation similar to the actual practice. In order to create a situation similar to the actual war, the military situation must be reflected and to do so, a link with the military exercise war game model is needed. The military exercise war game model applies HLA/RTI, which is a standardized interlocking method for various models such as Taegeuk JOS, and it is necessary to apply HLA/RTI linkage method to link with these military exercise war game models. In addition, since the emergency preparedness simulation model requires limited information such as enemy location and enemy attack situation on major facilities in the military exercise model, a method of interlocking that can select and link information is required. Therefore, in this study, the interlocking interface design plan is presented in order to selectively link the interlocking method and information between the emergency preparedness simulation model and the military exercise war game model. The main functions of interlocking interface include federation synchronization, storage and recovery, object management service, time management, and data filtering functions.

Evaluation of Durability for Glass fabric/Phenolic Composites under Salt Water Environment (염수환경에 노출된 유리섬유직물/페놀 복합재의 내구성 평가)

  • Yoon, Sung-Ho
    • Composites Research
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 2005
  • Salt water spray and immersion tests were experimentally conducted for over 6 months to investigate the durability of glass fabric/phenolic composites under salt water environment. Mechanical properties such as tensile properties, flexural properties, and shear properties were evaluated and thermal analysis properties such as storage shear modulus, loss shear moduls, and tan 6 were obtained through a DMA. A change in chemical structures was analyzed through a FTIR. According to the results, mechanical properties and thermal analysis properties were sensitive to salt water environment and these properties began to degrade in increasing in exposure times. However, tensile and flexural moduli started to decrease and then slightly increase as increasing in exposure times due to plasticization and crosslinking in matrix as well as physical swelling in composites. Beyond a certain exposure times, these properties began to decrease as further increasing in exposure times. Also the shape and location of peaks in FTIR curves were insensitive to exposure times, but the intensity of peaks would be. finally we found that the durability of glass fabric/phenolic composites were affected on salt water immersion environment rather than salt water spray environment.

Application of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System in Forest Sector (원격탐사와 지리정보시스템의 산림분야 활용)

  • Lee, Woo-Kyun;Kim, Moonil;Song, Cholho;Lee, Sle-gee;Cha, Sungeun;Kim, GangSun
    • Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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    • v.46 no.2
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    • pp.27-42
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    • 2016
  • Forest accounts for almost 64 percents of total land cover in South Korea. For inventorying, monitoring, and managing such large area of forest, application of remote sensing and geographic information system (RS/GIS) technology is essential. On the basis of spectral characteristics of satellite imagery, forest cover and tree species can be classified, and forest cover map can be prepared. Using three dimensional data of LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging), tree location and tree height can be measured, and biomass and carbon stocks can be also estimated. In addition, many indices can be extracted using reflection characteristics of land cover. For example, the level of vegetation vitality and forest degradation can be analyzed with VI (vegetation Index) and TGSI (Top Grain Soil Index), respectively. Also, pine wilt disease and o ak w ilt d isease c an b e e arly detected and controled through understanding of change in vegetation indices. RS and GIS take an important role in assessing carbon storage in climate change related projects such as A/R CDM, REDD+ as well. In the field of climate change adaptation, impact and vulnerability can be spatio-temporally assessed for national and local level with the help of spatio-temporal data of GIS. Forest growth, tree mortality, land slide, forest fire can be spatio-temporally estimated using the models in which spatio-temporal data of GIS are added as influence variables.