• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 1990

This study aims to find out the prevalence of smoking, and to analyze the effect of smoking for health status, and then to emphasize the necessity of stop smoking. The data used in this study are obtained from periodic health care programe at Health Care Center in a suburban hospital, and selected 435 males who have occupation. The independent varibles chosen for the analysis are general charactersitic variables and smoking habit. The dependent variables are designed to cover the health status of individual cases, and include blood pressure, blood cholesterol level with HDL-cholesterol and blood triglyceride level, recent symptoms and recently being managed diseases. The result of this study are summarized as follows. 1) Percentage of smoker by the age groups is highest in 4th decade, being 71.1%. The second and third ranks are 6th and 7th decades, being 53.5% and 44.4%, respectively. 2) In the view of socio-economic levels, smoking rate is higher in the groups who live at rural area and whoes occupation is labor or merchant. Smoking rate is significantly higher in the heavy drinking group. 3) Among the atherosclerotic risk factors, which include hypertension, HDL-cholesterol by total cholesterol ratio lower than 0.2 and triglyceride level higher than 200gm/dl, hypertension was not statistically associated with smoking, but others revealed statistically high association with smoking. 4) The groups who have the symptoms of severe fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, pulmonary symptoms, palpitation and chest tightness havepositive association with smoking. 5) The groups who have hypertension with cardiovascular diseases and gastrointestinal diseases showed highly significant association with non-smoking. 6) In relation of the smoking habit to the atherosclerotic risk factor index, smokers have more atherosclerotic risk factors, but that is not statistically significant. 7) In relation of the smoking habit to the recent symptom index, smokers have more symptoms than non-smokers with statistical significance. In conclusion, smokers have worse health status than non-smokers especially in the atherosclerotic risk factors such as hypertension or abnormal blood lipid status and have more symptoms such as severe fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, pulmonary symptoms, palpitation and chest tightness. And the campaingn against smoking should direct for the male in 4th decade because they have highest smoking rate.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2019

본 논문은 자동차 제동성능에 대한 운전자의 요구에 따라 브레이크 디스크 튜닝이 많이 이루어지고 있어, 자동차에 사용되고 있는 순정 디스크와 튜닝제품으로 나오고 있는 디스크의 열적거동을 FEM해석을 통해 분석하였다. 순정 디스크 모델링 및 튜닝 디스크 Model-1, Model-2, Model-3로 모델링을 하고 디스크 회전속도를 1000rpm으로 설정하여 해석을 실시하였다. 브레이크를 작동하면 디스크와 패드 접촉에 의해 발생하는 작동시 온도와 디스크 정지 후 마찰면의 온도, 열 변형 등 디스크 표면의 열적거동에 대하여 분석하였다. 브레이크 작동시(0-4.5초) 온도는 순정 디스크보다 튜닝 디스크가 34℃높게 나타났고, 디스크 정지 후(40.5초) 온도는 튜닝 디스크가 18℃낮게 분석되었으며, 디스크 열에 의한 변형은 튜닝 디스크가 0.3mm정도 많이 변형되었다. 순정 디스크와 튜닝 디스크의 열적거동에 따른 페이드 현상 등을 줄일 수 있는 효과는 있으나, 튜닝 디스크의 홀 가공 및 디스크 면 가공에 따른 열적거동에는 크게 변화가 없음을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제43권9호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2006

미리 설정된 연계성이 없는 차량들 사이에 무선통신을 이용하여 긴급정지, 차량사고, 장애물 출현 등의 차량안전과 관련이 있는 정보를 주고받을 수 있는 지능적 차량안전 시스템을 구성될 수 있다 대부분의 차량안전 통신 응용 시스템에서 차량안전 메시지는 브로드캐스트의 형태로 전파된다. 이러한 브로드캐스트 형 전파방법은 다중 홉 전송과 패킷 충돌 문제로 그 성능과 효율성 측면에서 많은 문제를 안고 있다. 본 논문에서는 교통사고 예방을 위한 차량안전메시지를 다중 홉 거리까지 효과적으로 전송하기 위해 우선순위 방식의 중계노드 선택방법을 제안하고 있다. 무선 전송반경에 포함된 여러 노드들 중에서 적정한 거리에 위치한 하나의 노드만 중계에 참여하도록 한다 따라서 중복 패킷의 수를 줄여 패킷 오버헤드를 낮추고 부가적으로 네트워크 성능의 향상도 얻고 있다. 제안된 방법의 성능은 네트워크 시뮬레이션을 통하여 여타의 방법에 비해 우수한 것으로 판명되었다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

Rail-mounted cranes can be easily damaged by a sudden gust of wind while working at a running speed, due to the large mass and high barycenter positions. In current designs, working rail-mounted cranes mainly depend on wheel braking torques to resist large wind load. Regular brakes, however, cannot satisfactorily stop the crane, which induces safety issues of cranes and hence leads to frequent crane accidents, especially in sudden gusts of wind. Therefore, it is necessary and important to study the braking performance of working rail mounted cranes under wind load. In this study, a simplified mechanical model was built to simulate the working rail mounted gantry crane, and dynamic analysis of the model was carried out to deduce braking performance equations that reflect the qualitative relations among braking time, braking distance, wind load, and braking torque. It was shown that, under constant braking torque, there existed inflection points on the curves of braking time and distance versus windforce. Both the braking time and the distance increased sharply when wind load exceeded the inflection point value, referred to as the threshold windforce. The braking performance of a 300 ton shipbuilding gantry crane was modeled and analyzed using multibody dynamics software ADAMS. The simulation results were fitted by quadratic curves to show the changes of braking time and distance versus windforce under various mount of braking torques. The threshold windforce could be obtained theoretically by taking derivative of fitted curves. Based on the fitted functional relationship between threshold windforce and braking torque, theoretical basis are provided to ensure a safe and rational design for crane wind-resistant braking systems.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2012

자동차 생산라인은 차체라인, 도장라인, 의장라인으로 구성된다. 이러한 생산라인들은 직렬로 배치되어 흐름생산을 거치기 때문에 전후 공정의 상태에 따라 라인에서는 starvation(물량 부족으로 인한 생산 불가능) 또는 blocking(용량 초과로 인한 생산 불가능)으로 인한 정지가 발생한다. 이에 starvation이나 blocking으로 오는 생산 손실을 막기 위해 WBS, PBS와 같은 창고를 개별적으로 보유하여 운영된다. 본 논문은 라인의 버퍼역할을 하는 각 창고들을 통합하여 운영할 수 있는 통합창고 시뮬레이션 모형을 제안한다. 적정 Stacker Crane 대수와 AGV 대수를 구하고, 이를 운영할 수 있는 운영방법론을 제안한다. 또한 개별창고와 통합창고 모형을 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 효율성 비교를 한다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제34권4호통권96호
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• pp.292-297
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• 2001

충남 홍성의 작은 연못에서 수행되고 있는 식물플랑크톤 연주기의 모델링 연구 과정에서 녹조류 Dictyosphaerium pulchellum의 대발생 과정을 2000년 t월부터 2001년 1월까지 추적하였다. D. pulchellum은 연중 드물게 출현하였으나, 밀도는 3월 12일부터 증가하기 시작하여, 4월 2일에는 $59,200\;co1ony\;mL^{-1}$로 대발생하였고, 4월 16에 급감하였다. 군체는 보통 8세포와 16세포로 이루어졌으나, 대발생이 진행될수록 32세포와 64세포 군체들로 대치되었고, 대발생 후기에는 대부분의 군체가 64세포였다. D. pulchellum세포들은 대발생의 초기에는 건강하였으나,3월 19일부터 기생생물에 감염되어 있는 군체들이 나타났으며,4월 9일에는 대부분의 군체들이 기생생물로 감염되었다. 기생생물로 감염된 세포들은 엽록체가 파괴되었고, 피레노이드도 발달되지 않았다. 현재 진행되고 있는 D. pulchellum의 개체군과 환경요인, 경쟁 및 기생생물과의 관계에 대한 연구는 D. pulchellum의 대발생 과정에 관한 새로운 정보를 제공할 것이다.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.362-366
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• 1996

This paper is generally divided in 2 parts. One is the study on vowels about korean singer's lyric song in view of Daniel Jones' Cardinal Vowel. The other is acoustic study on vowels in my singing about korean lyric song. Analysis data are KBS concert video tape and CSL's. NSP file on my singing and Informants are famous singers i.e. 3 sopranos, 1 mezzo, 2 tenors, 1baritone, and me. Analysis aim is to find out Korean 8 vowels([equation omitted]) quality in singing. The methods of descrition are used in closed vowels, half closed vowels, half open vowels, open vowels and rounded vowels, unroundes vowels and formants. The study of the former is while watching the monitor screen to stop the scene that is to be analysixed. The study of the latter is to analysis the spectrogram converted by CSL's. SP file. Analysis results are an follows: Visual and auditory korean vowels quality in singing have the 3 tendency. One is the tendency of more rounded than is usual Korean vowels. Another is the tendency of centralized to center point in Cardinal Vowel and the other is the tendency of diversity in vowel quality. Acoustic analysis is studied by means of 4 formants. Fl and F2 show similiar step in spoken. In Fl there is the same formant values. This seems to vocal organization be perceived the singign situation. The width of F3 is the widest of all, so F3 may be the characteristics in singing. In conclude, the characteristics of vowels in Korean lyric songs are seems to have the tendencies of rounding, centralizing to center point in Cardinal Vowel, diversity in vowel quality and, F3'widest width in compared with usual Korean vowels.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2016

Background: The tobacco epidemic is a heralding health menace, particularly among college students. Tobacco usage among young can have an especially devastating effect as they can be exposed for longer periods. Data to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use in young adults will be a valuable addition to the existing resources. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was therefore carried out in Mangalore city using a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire adapted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) with a representative sample of 720 students aged 18-20 years selected from degree colleges by multi-stage random sampling. Results: Prevalence of 'ever users' and 'current users' of smoking were 20.4% and 11.4%, respectively. The mean age at initiation of cigarette smoking was 16 years and the majority (31 %) smoked in public places. Interestingly, 84% of them knew about the harmful effects of cigarette smoking. About one half of smokers had some or most of their friends smoking. Multivariate analysis revealed gender (OR=8.585: CI-3.26-22.5), pocket money (OR=4.165; CI=1.76-9.82) and peer's smoking habit (OR= 5.15; CI-2.21-11.9) have higher odds as correlates of tobacco usage among college students. Conclusions: It is of prime importance to highlight the role of prevention of smoking initiation rather than subsequently trying to stop the habit. Comprehensive interventions embracing family, friends and social milieu are needed to reduce tobacco use among students in India.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.185-189
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• 2015

Background: Due to the increase in morbidity and mortality rate, cancer has become an alarming threat to the human population worldwide. Since cancer is a progressive disorder, timely diagnosis is necessary to prevent/stop cancer from progressing to a severe stage. In Khyber Paktunkhwa, Pakistan, many tumors are diagnosed with endoscopy and biopsy; rare studies exist regarding the diagnosis and evaluation of ovarian cancer, based on tumor markers like CA-125. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate and evaluate levels of CA-125 in hospitalized ovarian cancer patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 63 admitted patients having ovarian cancer by biopsy were included. The level of CA-125 was determined in the blood of these patients using ELISA technique. Results: Out of 63 patients, the level of CA-125 was high in 52%. The affected individuals were more in the group of 40-60 and the level of CA-125 was comparatively higher in patients having moderately differentiated histology than those having well differentiated and poorly differentiated tumor histology. Moreover, the highest level of CA-125 was present among the patients having serous subtype of carcinoma and the common stage of carcinoma was stage II followed by stage III, I and IV. Conclusions: CA-125 level was high in more than 50% of the total patients. Moreover, CA-125 elevation was more common in serous subtype and stage II cancer patients.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.1245-1257
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• 2008

이 연구에서는 기존의 클레이 애니메이션 제작 공정이 가지는 문제점을 개선하기 위해 3D 컴퓨터그래픽을 도입한 새로운 제작 공정을 제안한다. 그 핵심은 기존 공정을 바탕으로 하되 대단히 노동집약적인 캐릭터 제작 과정을, 3D 컴퓨터그래픽에 의한 디지털 캐릭터로 대체하는 것이다. 클레이 애니메이션에 등장하는 캐릭터를 3D 컴퓨터그래픽으로 구현하기 위해 클레이 캐릭터와 동일한 색상과 종류의 유성찰흙을 사용하여 폴리곤 모델링 캐릭터의 UVW 좌표 값에 맞춘 디퓨즈 맵과 디스플레이스먼트 맵을 제작하였다. 또한 파노라마 HDRI 자동 촬영 시스템을 개발하여 미니어처 세트 촬영 환경의 조명 정보를 초고해상도의 파노라마 HDRI 형식으로 제작, 이를 디지털 라이팅 소스로 사용하였다. 이 과정을 통해 대단히 사실적인 결과물을 얻음과 동시에 숙달된 작업자의 노하우에만 의존하던 스톱모션 제작 공정을 공학적 접근에 의한 자동화된 방식으로 개선할 수 있었다.