• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 1990

This study aims to find out the prevalence of smoking, and to analyze the effect of smoking for health status, and then to emphasize the necessity of stop smoking. The data used in this study are obtained from periodic health care programe at Health Care Center in a suburban hospital, and selected 435 males who have occupation. The independent varibles chosen for the analysis are general charactersitic variables and smoking habit. The dependent variables are designed to cover the health status of individual cases, and include blood pressure, blood cholesterol level with HDL-cholesterol and blood triglyceride level, recent symptoms and recently being managed diseases. The result of this study are summarized as follows. 1) Percentage of smoker by the age groups is highest in 4th decade, being 71.1%. The second and third ranks are 6th and 7th decades, being 53.5% and 44.4%, respectively. 2) In the view of socio-economic levels, smoking rate is higher in the groups who live at rural area and whoes occupation is labor or merchant. Smoking rate is significantly higher in the heavy drinking group. 3) Among the atherosclerotic risk factors, which include hypertension, HDL-cholesterol by total cholesterol ratio lower than 0.2 and triglyceride level higher than 200gm/dl, hypertension was not statistically associated with smoking, but others revealed statistically high association with smoking. 4) The groups who have the symptoms of severe fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, pulmonary symptoms, palpitation and chest tightness havepositive association with smoking. 5) The groups who have hypertension with cardiovascular diseases and gastrointestinal diseases showed highly significant association with non-smoking. 6) In relation of the smoking habit to the atherosclerotic risk factor index, smokers have more atherosclerotic risk factors, but that is not statistically significant. 7) In relation of the smoking habit to the recent symptom index, smokers have more symptoms than non-smokers with statistical significance. In conclusion, smokers have worse health status than non-smokers especially in the atherosclerotic risk factors such as hypertension or abnormal blood lipid status and have more symptoms such as severe fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, pulmonary symptoms, palpitation and chest tightness. And the campaingn against smoking should direct for the male in 4th decade because they have highest smoking rate.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.287-292
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• 2019

This paper analyzes the thermal behaviors of genuine discs used in automobiles and discs coming out of tuning products through FEM analysis. Modeling with genuine disk modeling and tuning disks Model-1, Model-2, Model-3 and analyzing the disk rotation speed was set to 1000rpm. When the brake is operated, the thermal behavior of the disk surface, such as the operating temperature caused by the disk and pad contact, the friction surface temperature after the disk stop, and the thermal deformation, were analyzed. When the brake was activated (0-4.5 seconds), the tuning disk showed 34℃ higher than the original disk, and after the disk stopped (40.5 seconds), the tuning disk was analyzed 18℃ lowe, deformation due to the disk heat was deformed by 0.3mm for the tuning disk. Although there is an effect to reduce the fading phenomenon due to the thermal behavior of the pure disk and the tuning disk, it can be observed that there is no significant change in the thermal behavior due to the hole processing and the disk surface processing of the tuning disk.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.43 no.9 s.351
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• pp.60-68
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• 2006

Using the wireless communication among unacquainted vehicles, an intelligent vehicle safety system can be constructed to exchange vehicle safety-related information, such as urgency stop, traffic accident and road obstacles. In the majority of vehicle safety applications, vehicle safety messages are propagated in the form of broadcast. However, this approach causes some effectiveness and performance problems with massive radio collision, multi-hop propagation. This paper presents a priority based relay node selection method for propagating vehicle safety messages of traffic accident protection system. With this method, vehicle safety messages are relayed by a node that locates in proper distance out of the nodes that are included in the radio transmission range. By decreasing the number of duplicated messages, the packet overhead is lessened while the communication performance is raised. The proposed method was proven to be better than other schemes through network simulations.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

Rail-mounted cranes can be easily damaged by a sudden gust of wind while working at a running speed, due to the large mass and high barycenter positions. In current designs, working rail-mounted cranes mainly depend on wheel braking torques to resist large wind load. Regular brakes, however, cannot satisfactorily stop the crane, which induces safety issues of cranes and hence leads to frequent crane accidents, especially in sudden gusts of wind. Therefore, it is necessary and important to study the braking performance of working rail mounted cranes under wind load. In this study, a simplified mechanical model was built to simulate the working rail mounted gantry crane, and dynamic analysis of the model was carried out to deduce braking performance equations that reflect the qualitative relations among braking time, braking distance, wind load, and braking torque. It was shown that, under constant braking torque, there existed inflection points on the curves of braking time and distance versus windforce. Both the braking time and the distance increased sharply when wind load exceeded the inflection point value, referred to as the threshold windforce. The braking performance of a 300 ton shipbuilding gantry crane was modeled and analyzed using multibody dynamics software ADAMS. The simulation results were fitted by quadratic curves to show the changes of braking time and distance versus windforce under various mount of braking torques. The threshold windforce could be obtained theoretically by taking derivative of fitted curves. Based on the fitted functional relationship between threshold windforce and braking torque, theoretical basis are provided to ensure a safe and rational design for crane wind-resistant braking systems.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.91-101
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• 2012

Automobile manufacturing consists of body-line, painting-line, and assembly-line. These production lines are disposed in series and go through a flow process, so according to the status of pre & post processing, a suspension happens in a line by a starvation(impossibility of production by insufficient supply) or blocking(impossibility of production by exceed capacity). Therefore, to prevent a loss of production coming from a starvation or blocking, a storage such as WBS or PBS is independently owned and operated. The paper suggests the simulation model of integrated storage which can operate it by integrating each storage performing a role as a buffer of line. Specifically, the paper found the answers about reasonable number of Stacker Crane and AGV(Automatic Guided Vehicle) and suggested a methodology of operation which is available to operate them. Also, it compared an efficiency between a model of current storage and integrated storage through simulation. As a result, it turned out that the model suggested in the paper was more efficient on suspension of painting-line stop than a current storage.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.4 s.96
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• pp.292-297
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• 2001

As a part of study on the microalgal dynamics in a small pond in Hongsung, Chungnam, we found a massive bloom of chlorococcalean green alga, Dictyosphaerium pulchellum during the year-round survey from January 2000 to January 2001. D. pulchellum occurred at a low frequency throughout the year. However, D. pulchellum began to increase from 12 March, showed a peak of blooming with 59,200 colonies $mL^{-1}$ in 2 April, and abruptly decreased in 16 April. Colonies were 8-celled and 16-celled at early stage of blooming, 32-celled or 64-celled at the midst of blooming, and most of colonies consisted of 64 cells at the end of blooming. Colonies of D. pulchellum were healthy at the early stage of blooming, but most of colonies were infected with some parasites at the end of blooming. The infected cells bleached out with decomposing chloroplast and pyrenoids. The infection with parasites, together with irradiance and nutrient limitations, appears to stop D. pulchllum bloom. This is the first report on the occurrence of blooming of a green algal genus Dictyosphaerium and its infection with parasite in Korea.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.362-366
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• 1996

This paper is generally divided in 2 parts. One is the study on vowels about korean singer's lyric song in view of Daniel Jones' Cardinal Vowel. The other is acoustic study on vowels in my singing about korean lyric song. Analysis data are KBS concert video tape and CSL's. NSP file on my singing and Informants are famous singers i.e. 3 sopranos, 1 mezzo, 2 tenors, 1baritone, and me. Analysis aim is to find out Korean 8 vowels([equation omitted]) quality in singing. The methods of descrition are used in closed vowels, half closed vowels, half open vowels, open vowels and rounded vowels, unroundes vowels and formants. The study of the former is while watching the monitor screen to stop the scene that is to be analysixed. The study of the latter is to analysis the spectrogram converted by CSL's. SP file. Analysis results are an follows: Visual and auditory korean vowels quality in singing have the 3 tendency. One is the tendency of more rounded than is usual Korean vowels. Another is the tendency of centralized to center point in Cardinal Vowel and the other is the tendency of diversity in vowel quality. Acoustic analysis is studied by means of 4 formants. Fl and F2 show similiar step in spoken. In Fl there is the same formant values. This seems to vocal organization be perceived the singign situation. The width of F3 is the widest of all, so F3 may be the characteristics in singing. In conclude, the characteristics of vowels in Korean lyric songs are seems to have the tendencies of rounding, centralizing to center point in Cardinal Vowel, diversity in vowel quality and, F3'widest width in compared with usual Korean vowels.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2016

Background: The tobacco epidemic is a heralding health menace, particularly among college students. Tobacco usage among young can have an especially devastating effect as they can be exposed for longer periods. Data to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use in young adults will be a valuable addition to the existing resources. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was therefore carried out in Mangalore city using a pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire adapted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) with a representative sample of 720 students aged 18-20 years selected from degree colleges by multi-stage random sampling. Results: Prevalence of 'ever users' and 'current users' of smoking were 20.4% and 11.4%, respectively. The mean age at initiation of cigarette smoking was 16 years and the majority (31 %) smoked in public places. Interestingly, 84% of them knew about the harmful effects of cigarette smoking. About one half of smokers had some or most of their friends smoking. Multivariate analysis revealed gender (OR=8.585: CI-3.26-22.5), pocket money (OR=4.165; CI=1.76-9.82) and peer's smoking habit (OR= 5.15; CI-2.21-11.9) have higher odds as correlates of tobacco usage among college students. Conclusions: It is of prime importance to highlight the role of prevention of smoking initiation rather than subsequently trying to stop the habit. Comprehensive interventions embracing family, friends and social milieu are needed to reduce tobacco use among students in India.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.185-189
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• 2015

Background: Due to the increase in morbidity and mortality rate, cancer has become an alarming threat to the human population worldwide. Since cancer is a progressive disorder, timely diagnosis is necessary to prevent/stop cancer from progressing to a severe stage. In Khyber Paktunkhwa, Pakistan, many tumors are diagnosed with endoscopy and biopsy; rare studies exist regarding the diagnosis and evaluation of ovarian cancer, based on tumor markers like CA-125. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate and evaluate levels of CA-125 in hospitalized ovarian cancer patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 63 admitted patients having ovarian cancer by biopsy were included. The level of CA-125 was determined in the blood of these patients using ELISA technique. Results: Out of 63 patients, the level of CA-125 was high in 52%. The affected individuals were more in the group of 40-60 and the level of CA-125 was comparatively higher in patients having moderately differentiated histology than those having well differentiated and poorly differentiated tumor histology. Moreover, the highest level of CA-125 was present among the patients having serous subtype of carcinoma and the common stage of carcinoma was stage II followed by stage III, I and IV. Conclusions: CA-125 level was high in more than 50% of the total patients. Moreover, CA-125 elevation was more common in serous subtype and stage II cancer patients.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.1245-1257
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• 2008

The establishment of a production pipeline imported 30 computer graphics is suggested in this paper to improve the efficiency of existing production pipeline of clay animation. The point is that the process of building clay characters that remains labor intensive among the existing procedures is replaced by the process of creating computer generated characters. In order to create characters out of clay by means of 30 computer graphics, a diffuse map and displacement map are made of an oil-based clay according to the UVW coordination of polygon modeling, which is the same color and kind of clay used to make a clay character. In addition, a panoramic HDRI recording system is developed to record the lighting information of shooting environment for miniature sets, which is imported in 3D computer graphic tools as digital light source. On account of the new production pipeline, a hyper realistic rendering image can be produced, and at the same time it improves the traditional pipeline of stop motion animation that is know-how based procedure of a complete artist by the engineering approach to the automatic process.