• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.7 no.2 s.14
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• pp.33-40
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is on identifying spatial structure of Palwang and Taechon village and dealing with restoration direction of village spatial structure and village groves. The results are as follows. It was identified that the standing stone for penis form is not standing stone for praying son but complementing that for enforcing enclosed function of enclosing village groves. It was considered that village entrance and entrance road, village grove of Taechon village must be restored for being identified as standing stone of penis form of spatial structure of village. It was considered that the above is essential to connect with ecotourism of Sunchang-gun region. It was identified that Palwang village grove is very good in conservation state, but Taechon village grove has been destructed mostly by various development. It was identified that Palwang village grove is high in species diversity and in scare value as mixed forest, landscape value. The dominent tree of Palwang village was Pinus densiflora and that of Taechon was Salix glandulosa. Salix glandulosa was used pavilion tree, main tree in both village. It was identified that Carpinus tschonoskii is showing the most rapid growth in tree height and Salix glandulosa is showing the most rapid growth in tree breadth diameter of all kind of tree. It was considered that Pinus densiflora was planted first of all and deciduous trees were complemented later. It was considered that simple forest of Pinus densiflora has been changed into mixed forest by artificial affect in the long term. It was considered that Salix glandulosa in Palwang village grove must be indicated as legal protection tree according to present criteria of protection tree selection in Korea. And it is considered desirable that standing stone of penis form and village grove in Palwang village must be indicated unitedly as cultural conservation element.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.138-146
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• 2014

Structural safety as well as variety and aesthetics of building facade are currently gathering more attention in building construction and stone curtain wall is widely used in exterior wall. However, two main problems are existed in curtain wall construction method. One is an uniformity of construction quality and the other is a repair work of stone panels. Also, the noise and vibration occurring in construction may be cause of civil complaint. Therefore, a new method is needed to overcome these problems. This paper presents a new stone curtain wall system using under cut anchor and secondary holes that was developed in this study. Additionally, structural performance evaluation was conducted to verify the constructability and structural safety for wind pressure and seismic load. Through the evaluation of this method, improved constructability and economic efficiency were verified.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2007

This study presents a modeling approach for geogrid-encased stone column(GESC) method which is widely used in Europe as an alternative to conventional pile foundations. Several benefits of using the stone column method include sound performance, low cost, expediency of construction, and liquefaction resistance, among others. Recently, geosynthetic-encased stone column approach has been developed to improve load carrying capacity through increasing confinement effect. The aim of this research is to establish a systematic approach for modeling of GESC and to form a database for the fundamentals of GESC. This paper presents details of 3D modeling of GESC together with the general behavior of GESC.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.133-150
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• 2007

This paper presents the results of a research performed to investigate the finite element modeling approach for GESC (Geogrid-Encased Stone Column) method in soft ground within the framework of stress-pore pressure coupled analysis. GESC reinforcement mechanism and construction method was first examined and model verification of stone column on the results of FE analysis was identified. The results indicate that the 3D FE analysis and membrane elements play the most important role in the soft groung using GESC. Based on the results, a modeling method was suggested for stress-pore pressure coupled finite element modelling of GESC in soft ground.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.222-251
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• 2017

This paper analyzes the characteristics of the ancient tombs discovered in the Gyeongju site and discusses the direction of the excavation. There are six special features of the wooden chamber tomb covered with stone in Gyeongju. First, confirmation of the above-ground type and the underground type burial mound. Second, confirmation of the construction such as the partition of mound and the pile of stone structure. Third, confirmation of the frontal part structure of the protect stone such as pebble-stone layer, boundary stone. Fourth, confirmation of the relationship before and after the mound. Fifth, the circumference and boundary of the confirmed(before 1990s) burial mounds were discovered, resolving the uncertainty. Sixth confirmation of the crowd unit tombs. By summing up these six features, it is possible to clearly divide the individual units and the crowd units of the Silla tombs. Confirmation of individual units and crowd units can clarify the size and scope of the tombs located by the concatenation and overlap. It is possible to get a glimpse of the formation process through the interrelationships between the two sides. The tombs are located in the upper-and-lower layer structure of the tombs and show selective site selection. When this formative process is rearranged, it is understood that the Gyeongju Silla Cemetery is formed through the course of four stages. It is anticipated that it will be possible to make selective projects in the excavation survey based on the confirmation of the individual unit and the crowd unit of the Silla ancient tombs and the formation process.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.99-117
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• 2008

This paper presents a comprehensive approach to the evaluation of macroscopic material parameters for natural stone and quarry masonry. To that end, a reliable non-linear material model on a meso-scale is developed to cover the random arrangement of stone blocks and quasi-brittle behaviour of both basic components, as well as the impaired cohesion and tensile strength on the interface between the blocks and mortar joints. The paper thus interrelates the following three problems: (i) definition of a suitable periodic unit cell (PUC) representing a particular masonry structure; (ii) derivation of material parameters of individual constituents either experimentally or running a mixed numerical-experimental problem; (iii) assessment of the macroscopic material parameters including the tensile and compressive strengths and fracture energy.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.205-210
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• 2023

Stone cave paintings are continuous interactions as independent mediums in places such as text, images and stone cave architecture. Unlike Buddha statues, the narrative of the text always fascinates and guides the viewer to the timeliness of the image, that is, the narrative. In particular, in Buddhist art, Buddha statues are never simple images, and murals are never simple paintings. Before the Tang Dynasty, most unknown artists were artisans, and many artists still worked on murals in temples and palaces, and independent paintings such as scrolls and sides became an important form of painting after the Tang Dynasty, changing the mechanism of painting creation. In this paper, the graphic creation process prioritizes dedication and service, but we can still feel the creativity of the painters strongly. The historical resources of how to paint these paintings, the clues to the copies, and the precursor to the foreground, encourage the painters to constantly try to resemble each other and discover problems...Therefore, in this paper, it was confirmed that reinvention and creativity are very important, and that Dunhuang Buddhist art is the basis for artists' creation and the source of vitality.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.74-81
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• 2008

The writing brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone were the four precious things of the studying and recording in oriental world until even nowaday. The oriental paper was comparatively well evaluated in many papers and reviews, but it is difficult to find some scientific reports or reviews about the ink stick. In this paper, the scientific aspect of ink sticks of oriental maine three country(Korea, China, Japan) were evaluated by the physical, chemical and microscopic analysis. The result could summarized as fellows; 1. The Korean lampblack ink stick contains more carbon and less nitrogen and the Chinese ink sticks contain less carbon and more oxygen. 2. The Korean lampblack and cowhide glue contain relatively higher amount of sulphur. 3. The particle size distribution of carbon in the ink stick was not change after grinding in the ink stone. 4. The particle size of carbon and the pore size in the charcoal ink sticks of three country were larger than those of the lampblack ink sticks. 5. The ink solution of the charcoal ink sticks shows high roundness on Hanji while the ink solution of the lampblack ink sticks is spread readily to Hanji surface. 6. The change of whiteness in printing of the ink sticks is notable in thermal treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.11c
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• pp.129-141
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• 1999

This paper presents the results of plate load test and dynamic load test performed to evaluate the performance of geocell where it is used to reinforce soft subgrade for high-speed railroad. Efficacy of geocell was observed in increase in bearing capacity of subgrade and reduction of thickness of reinforced sub-ballast. Plate load tests were carried out at four different places with varying foundation soil strength as a function of number of geocell layer, type of filler material, thickness of cover soil, and the presence of non-woven geotextile. Dynamic load tests were performed in a laboratory. The test soil chamber consists of, from the bottom, 50 cm thick clayey soil, one layer of geocell filled with crushed stone, 10 cm thick crushed stone cover, reinforced sub-ballast of varying thickness, 35 cm thick ballast. This configuration was determined based on the results of numerical analysis and plate load tests. For each set of the dynamic load tests, loads were applied more than 80,000 times. One layer of geocell underlying a 10 cm thick cover soil led to an increase in bearing capacity three to four times compared to a crushed stone layer of the same thickness substituted for the geocell and cover soil layer. Given the test conditions, the thickness of reinforced sub-ballast can be reduced by approximately 35 cm with the presence of geocell.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.65-77
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• 2002

Based from the results of various field and laboratory tests, it was determined that VCCP(Vibrated Crushed-stone Compaction Pile) Method is more effective compared to SCP(Sand Compaction Pile) Method. VCCP method effectively increases soil bearing capacity and reinforces soil and slopes, prevents liquefaction, enhances drainage. But when it comes to the engineering design these factors are not considered, instead designs are performed using practical methods and equations. Furthermore, this method is very economical since crushed stone can be used instead of sand and it can be also used in off-shore construction. In this paper, it will be synthetically considered technical state at the present time, research object after this and necessity of research for VCCP Method.