• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.4
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• pp.399-408
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• 2009

We investigated the improvement of immuno-modulatory activities of sap of Acer mono and A. okamotoanum encapsulated with edible polymers. Anticancer activities and immune activities such as human B and T cell growth, secretion of cytokines and natural killer cell growth were observed. Both human immune B and T cells were increased up to 30~50% by the addition of nano particle sap of Acer mono and A. okamotoanum. The secretion of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) from human immune B and T cells were also significantly increased compare to the control. Natural Killer (NK) cell growth was enhanced to $19.4{\times}10^5$ cells/mL in adding nano encapsulated sap of A.okamotoanum. The cytotoxicity of the sample on normal human lung cell (HEL299) was below 19.8% in adding 1.0 mg/mL of the nano particle sap of A. okamotoanum. Generally, the growth of all three human lung adenocarcinoma, human stomach adenocarcinoma and human liver adenocarcinama was inhibited up to 85% in adding 1.0 mg/mL of the encapsulated sap. Interestingly enough, the encapsulated sap was completely penetrated into human cancer cells within 30 min after addition. It showed that the encapsulation of the sap definitely increased its biological activities, which can expand its use to wide range of food industries.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.154-160
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• 2005

This study was performed to compare anticancer and immune activities between natural Artemisia capillaris Thunb. extract and tissue cultured plant extract (hairy root, in vitro culture, callus). The inhibitory effect of cancer cell growth, human B cell growth and productivity of cytokines were examined. Furthermore, HPLC analysis was performed to confirm the components. The anticancer activities increased by more than 55% with the cultured callus of Artemisia capillaris T. for four cancer cell lines(Lung carcunoma, Stomach adenocarcinoma, Hepatocillular carcinoma, Breast adenocarcinoma), showing higher effect than natural Artemisia capillaris T. The extracts from hairy root and in vitro culture of Artemisia capillaris T. significantly increased the immune B cell growth. The immune B cell growth effect of natural Artemisia capillaris T. was higher than that of the tissue culture plants such as hairy root, in vitro culture and callus. Both natural and tissue cultured plants showed similar effects on cytokine secretion. The similar peak size was observed between natural Artemisia capillaris T. and cultured callus in HPLC analysis. As a results, the biological activities were not observed the difference between natural Artemisia capillaris T. and cultured callus. Thus, the cultured callus will be altered natural Artemisia capillaris T. in the environmental side and the resources preservative side

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.4 s.20
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• pp.295-303
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• 2005

The Korean laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study Group made a survey of laparoscopic gastric surgeries which were performed in Korea during 2004. Thirty-eight surgeons from 36 Institutions responded to the questionnaires. One thousand eighty-nine laparoscopic gastric operations were performed during 2004. The cumulative number from 1995 to 2004 was about 2,386. Seven hundred fifty-four operations for a gastric adenocarcinoma were performed during 2004 which is almost two times the number performed during 2003. Laparoscopic radical procedures, such as a laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy (LADG and LATG) have increased rapidly since 2001 (55 cases in 2001, 150 cases in 2002, 364 cases in 2003 and 738 cases in 2004). Especially, laparoscopic total gastrectomies were explosively adopted last year (20 cases in 2003 and 112 cases in 2004). However, laparoscopic function-preserving gastrectomies, which included one laparoscopy-assisted pylorus-preserving gastrectomy and laparoscopy-assisted proximal gastrectomy, are rarely performed at this time. One hundred forty-two wedge resections for a gastric submucosal tumor were performed during 2004. Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) was performed in 39 cases in 2001, 55 in 2002, and 49 in 2003; however, only 5 such surgeries were performed during 2004. In 2003, laparoscopic bariatric surgery began, and during 2004, 49 operations were performed. In terms of indications of laparoscopic gastric surgery for adenocarcinoma, 19 surgeons performed a LADG only for a T1 lesion, and 7 surgeons extended their indications to T2N0 lesions. In the near future, laparoscopic procedures for gastric cancer will be widely adopted in Korea if the medical-insurance obstacle is overcome, and the long-term survival results are verified.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.182-188
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• 2008

Purpose: Transcriptional factors of CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) are involved in regulating the gene expression in response to a variety of signaling pathways. The proteins produced by the CREB genes play key roles in many physiological processes, including memory and long-term potentiation. The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) axis mediates epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation in many tissues. This study examined the expressions of RAR and CREB and their relationship with the clinicopathologic factors and their significance. Materials and Methods: The levels of the RAR and CREB expressions were measured in 150 gastric adenocarcinomas by performing immunohistochemical staining. Results: 1. An RAR protein expression was found in 63.3% of the adenocarcinomas (95/150) and a CREB expression was found in 60.7% (91/150) of the adenocarcinomas. 2. An RAR protein expression was found in 72.2% (78/108) of the intestinal type adenocarcinomas and in 40.5% (17/42) of the diffuse type adenocarcinomas (P<0.05). Based on the depth of invasion, an RAR protein expression was found in 58.3% (14/24) of the T1 adenocarcinomas, in 61.9% (13/21) of the T2 adenocarcinomas, in 63.5% (61/96) of the T3 adenocarcinomas, in 77.8% (7/9) of the T4 adenocarcinomas and in 74.7% (62/83) of the adenocarcinomas with lymph node metastasis and in 49.2% (33/67) of the adenocarcinomas without lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). 3. A CREB expression was found in 69.4% (75/108) of the intestinal type and in 38.1% (16/42) of the diffuse type (P>0.05). Based on the depth of invasion, a CREB expression was found in 50% (12/24) of the T1 adenocarcinomas, in 52.4% (11/21) of the T2 adenocarcinomas, in 64.6% (62/96) of the T3 adenocarcinomas, in 66.6% (6/9) of the T4 adenocarcinomas, in 71.1% (59/83) of the adenocarcinomas with lymph node metastasis and in 47.8% (32/67) of the adenocarcinomas without lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). 4. The RAR protein and CREB expressions coincided in 71.4% of the gastric adenocarcinomas and a significant correlation between them was found (P<0.05). Conclusion: We found a significant relationship between the expression of RAR and CREB and the histology and lymph node metastasis of gastric cancer. Further studies are needed to confirm their biologic meaning in gastric carcinogenesis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.724-734
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• 2019

The present study investigated the cytotoxicity of particulate matter (PM) derived from car air filter (outdoor PM) and home cleaner filter (indoor PM) in the various human cell lines. Each outdoor and indoor PM were harvested by ethanol extraction method, subsequently sieved with 10 um filter paper, sterilized with autoclave and added to culture media. The half maximal inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) values was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the outdoor PM, compared with indoor PM, and the significantly (p<0.05) higher $IC_{50}$ values were observed in the cancer cell lines (A-549 lung adenocarcinoma and AGS stomach adenocarcinoma), than those of normal MRC-5 fibroblasts and dental papilla tissue derived-mesenchymal stem cells (DSC). After being exposed to $100{\mu}g/ml$ outdoor PM for 7 days, the population doubling time (PDT) was significantly (p<0.05) increased in especially MRC-5 and DSC cell lines, compared with untreated cell lines. Further, the expression of senescence-associated ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity was up-regulated in all the cells exposed to outdoor PM than those of untreated control. Besides, the expression level of inflammation-associated genes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was found to be significantly (p<0.05) increased in the outdoor PM-treated cell lines than those of untreated cell lines. Our results showed that PM induces the cytotoxicity via arrest of cell growth, cell damage and inflammation response.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 1995

Metastatic bone tumor is the most common bone tumor and 32.5% of all primary malignant tumors are eventually metastasize to bone. Metastatic bone tumor has been more frequently encountered disease in the orthopedic fields due to the greater longevity of life of the patients with primary visceral cancers by major advances in early detection, diagnosis, and surgical/radiotherapeutic/chemotherapeutic treatment of primary and metastatic lesions. Therefore, the epidemiologic data about the incidences and the patterns of bone metastasis is important. We reviewed 417 patients who were diagnosed and treated for metastatic bone tumor at Kosin University Medical Center from 1985 to 1993 to analyse the primary lesion, age and sex distributions, location of bone metastasis, patterns of metastasis according to the primary. The results were as follows : 1. The common origin of bone metastasis were lung(29.5%), stomach(15.3%), breast(11.3%), unknown(7.7%), cervix(5.3%), liver(4.8%) in order of frequency. 2. There were 251 men and 166 women and their mean age was 54.8 years and the peak age incidence was in 6th decades. Most cases(85.3%) were occured beyond 5th decades. 3. The preferred sites of metastatic deposits were spine(64.0%), pelvis(40.5%), rib(38.8%), femur(36.7%), skull(21.1%), humerus(13.9%), scapula(13.0%) in order of frequency. In the spine, thoracic(42.1%), lumbar(39.1%), cervical(13.2%), sacral(5.6%) vertebrae were involved in order of frequency. 4. Multiple bone metastases were more common(73.1%) than single metastasis(26.9%). 5. In the lung cancer, the peak age incidence was 6th decades, and the preferred sites of bone metastasis were spine, pelvis, femur. 6. In the stomach cancer, the peak age incidence was 6th decades, and the preferred sites of bone metastasis were spine, femur, pelvis. 7. In the breast cancer, the peak age incidence was 5th decades, and the preferred sites of bone metastasis were spine, rib, pelvis. 8. In the bone metastasis with unknown primary site, the peak age incidence was 7th decades, the preferred sites of bone metastasis were spine, femur, pelvis, and the common histologic types were adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2002

In spite the fact that H. pylori infection might be the causative organisms of acute and chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer diseases and the definition as the class I carcinogen by WHO IARC, still debates exist about the relationship between H. pylori and gastric carcinogenesis. Epidemiological and animal studies demonstrated a link between gastric cancer and chronic infection with H, pylori, but the exact mechanism responsible for the development of gastric cancer in H. pylori-infected patients still remain obscure. In order to declare the clear association, definate evidences like that decrement in the incidence of gastric cancer after the eradication of H. pylori in designated area compared to noneradicated region or the blockade of specific mechanism acting on the carcinogenesis by H. pylori infection. The other way is to identify the upregulating oncogenes or downregulating tumor suppressor genes specifically invovled in H. pylori-associated carcinogenesis. For that, we established the animal models using C57BL/6 mice strain. Already gastric carcinogenesis was developed in Mongolian gerbils infected with H. pylori, but there has been no development of gastric cancer in mice model infected with H. pylori after long-term evaluation. Significant changes such as atrophic gastritis were observed in mice model. However, we could observe the development of mucosal carcinoma in the stomach of transgenic mice featuring the loss of TGF-beta sig naling by the expressions of dominant negative forms of type II receptor specifically in the stomach. Moreover, the incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma was significantly increased in group administered with both MNU and H. pylori infection than MNU alone, signifying that H. pylori promoted the gastric carcinogenesis and there might be host susceptibility genes in H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis. Based on the assumption that chronic, uncontrolled inflammation might predispose to carcinogenesis, there have been several evidences showing chronic atrophic gastritis predisposed to gastric carcinogenesis in H. pylori infection. Although definite outcome of chemoprevention was not drawn after the longterm administration of anti-inflammatory drug in H. pylori infection, the actual incidence of atrophic gastritis and molecular evidence of chemoprevention could be obtained. Selective COX-2 inhibitor was effective in decreasing the development of gastric carcinogenesis provoked by H. pylori infection and carcinogen like in chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.228-236
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• 2007

Purpose: We have evaluated changes of body composition for patients that underwent a radical gastrectomy for stomach cancer by the use of available bioelectrical impedance analysis during the first year following surgery. We plan to utilize these findings in nutritional and physiological studies. Materials and Methods: We evaluated clinical changes in body composition in patients using the bioelectrical impedance method (Inbody 4.0, Biospace, Korea), between November 2003 to November 2004. A total of 98 patients agreed to enroll in this study among all of the patients that underwent a radical gastrectomy. Results: The average weight decreased by 6.7%, and 9.4%, within the first and 6 months after surgery, respectively (P<0.01). The fat free mass (FFM) dropped by 4.9% within the first month and there were no more changes after this period (P<0.01). The fat mass (FM) and visceral fat area (VFA) decreased 24.3% and 14.1% within the first 6 months (P<0.01), respectively. The reduction effects for female patients were greater than for male patients for weight, FFM and VFA (P<0.05). The edema index was higher in patients with stage III-IV disease than in patients with stage I-II disease (P<0.05). There were significant differences for Billroth I and Billrothl II patients as compared to patients that underwent an esophagojejunostomy for a reduction of the FM, as measured in the in the 12th month after surgery (27.6%, 22.1%, and 41.2%, respectively; P<0.05). Conclusion: Since nutritional supplementation and an improvement in body weight loss after a radical gastrectomy is significantly related with quality of life, nutritional and physiological studies should be greatly considered. In this study, bioelectrical impedance analysis was very useful in analyzing the diminution of body composition and we hope this study on the nutritional and physiological aspects related to a radical gastrectomy will be useful for later studies.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.384-390
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• 1994

Authors retrospectively compared the 99mTc MDP bone scans and corresponding MR imagings in 20 patients with histologically proven malignancy, Mean interval of the two studies was 16.6 days, Cancer diagnosis Included 8 lung, 2 each of colon, breast, stomach, 1 each of prostate, thyroid, malignant lymphoma and 3 adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site. Of the 105 regions compared, :t6 regions were positive for metastases in bone scans or MR imagings. 30 regions(65.2%) were positive by bone scan and 44 regions(95.7%) by MR imaging. 87 regions(82.9%) were concordantly positive or negative by bone scan and MR imaging, but 18 regions(17.1%) were discordant. In the discordant regions, 16 regions positive in MR imaging were negative in bone scan. The greatest number of discordant findings occured in the cervical region and in the patient with stomach cancer. Our results suggest that the sensitivity of MR Imaging is greater than that of bone scan in detecting spinal metastases. And bone scan is useful screening test of metastasis for evaluating entire skeleton including spine.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.444-450
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of whole body positron emission tomography (PET) using $^{18}F-fluorodeoxyglucose$ ($^{18}F-FDG$) for cancer screening in asymptomatic subjects. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 1,762 men and 259 women who voluntarily underwent $^{18}F-FDG$ PET for cancer screening as a part of a routine health examination. Final diagnosis was decided by other diagnostic studies, pathological results or clinical follow-up for 1 year. Results: Of 2,021 subjects, 40 (2.0%) were finally proved to have cancer. Abnormal focal $^{18}F-FDG$ uptake suggesting malignancy was found in 102 subjects (5.0%). Among them, 21 subjects (1.0%) were proved to have cancer. Other tests in the routine health examination could not find 9 of 21 cancers (42.9%) detected by PET. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of PET for cancer screening were 52.5%, 95.9%, 20.6%, and 99.0%, respectively. Pathologies of cancers missed on PET were adenocarcinoma (n = 9; 3 colon cancers, 3 prostate cancers, 2 stomach cancers, and 1 rectal cancer), differentiated thyroid carcinoma (n = 6), bronchioalveolar cell carcinoma (n = 2), urinary bladder cancer (n = 1), and melanoma (n = 1). More than half of cancers which were not detected by PET were smaller than 1 cm in diameter. Conclusion: $^{18}F-FDG$ PET might be useful for cancer screening in asymptomatic subjects due to its high specificity and negative predictive value and playa supplementary role to the conventional health check-up, but it could not replace due to limited sensitivity for urological cancers, small-sized tumors and some hypometaboic cancers.