• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.832-839
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• 2014

To evaluate the digestive characteristics and bioavailability of dietary soybean meal (SBM), the post-prandial changes in the gastric contents of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were determined for 24 h after feeding of SBM diets. A curve estimation of regression diagnostics using a comparison of the adjusted $r^2$ and probability was performed to test the tendency of the post-prandial changes and gave a quadratic polynomial (exponential) regression for all experimental groups. The gastric evacuations rates (GER) for higher-SBM groups were slower than those for lower-SBM groups. The estimated GER (digestion time) for 75% gastric content for fish fed a 70% SBM diet was 1.63 times longer than that for fish fed the control diet. Despite the fact that the pH values in the gastric contents rose from 4.05 at 0 h to 5.12-5.38 at 1 h after feeding, then dropped to 4.57-4.83 at 9 h, with no significant differences among experimental groups, the gastric moisture contents increased significantly in the higher-SBM groups. This is most likely due to an increase in digestive juices in the higher-SBM groups, rather than water introduced externally. The percentage of soluble nitrogen in the gastric contents of fish fed the higher-SBM diets was higher than that in the fish fed the control diet, and the SBRs (stomach weight/body weight${\times}100$) in the higher-SBM groups (diets 4, 5, 6 and 7) were also significantly higher than the SBR of the control group (P<0.05). This may indicate that the protein in SBM can be digested slowly due to physiological digestive adaptation in rainbow trout.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.201-210
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• 2013

Objectives: The public relies on the news media to understand health risks. To examine the surveillance function of Korean health journalism, this study compared the rank-order of the 10 most frequently diagnosed cancers with that of the 10 cancers most frequently covered by three major Korean newspapers. Methods: News stories published between 1999 and 2010 by the Chosun-Ilbo, Joong-Ang-Ilbo, and Dong-A-Ilbo were examined. Data on cancer incidence were collected using the epidemiological data published by a governmental public health institution. To compare the level of the crude rates and the amount of news coverage, rank-order correlation tests and regression analyses were employed. Results: A reduction in the rank-ordered correlation coefficient was observed despite an increase in the overall number of cancer news stories released. The significance of the correlation disappeared after 2006. The big difference of the rank order between the crude rate and the amount of news coverage was observed in the cancer of breast, uteri, thyroid, and gallbladder/biliary. Finally, the three newspapers did not follow the amount change in stomach, lung, liver, and uterine cervix cancer. The four cancers' rank orders of crude rate were lowering, signifying a reduction of the comparative dangerousness of the four cancers. Conclusions: The news media's customization of news content and the negative bias in journalism are suggested as possible influences on the news media's inaccurate representation of cancer risk.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2009

Ecological characteristics of Cobitis pacifica inhabited in the Yeongok Stream, Gangwon-do, Korea was investigated from May 2006 to August 2007. The major habitat was composed of sand bottom with current velocities of $0.23{\sim}0.56m\;sec^{-1}$ and depths of $20{\sim}50cm$. The sex ratio of female to male was 1 : 0.93. It was presumed that the spawning season was the period of water temperatures of $25{\sim}27^{\circ}C$. Sexually matured individuals appeared over the two years of age. Frequency analysis of body length indicated that the group with $40{\sim}59mm$ in body length was one-year-old, the group of $60{\sim}89mm$ was two-years-old, the group of $90{\sim}109mm$ was three-years-old, and the group of over 110 mm was four-years-old. The average number of eggs in the ovaries was estimated as 809 per matured female. Main prey items were Ephemeroptera and Diptera.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.914-919
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effects of korean pueraria radix extract in Pb administered rats. Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $100{\pm}10g$ were used for this experiment and divided into following 6 groups; control group, 3% pueraria radix group(3% pue.), 100 ppm and 200 ppm alone pb group, 100 ppm and 200 ppm alone pb group with 3% pue. Tissue weight of liver, lung, stomach, heart, kidney and spleen of pb exposed rats were reduced by 3% extracts of pueraria radix group. The Pb content in the rats tissue of pb alone administered group was lower than in the rats tissue of pb group with 3% pue. GPT and GOT were increased in pb-administered group and lower in the 3% extracts of pueraria radix group. LDH was lower in the 3% extracts of pueraria radix-pb group than in the pb group. ChEase was higher in the 3% extracts of pueraria radix group than in the pb alone administered group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.14-19
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• 2012

This study was conducted on the antioxidant activity and in vitro anticancer effects of rough rice (Oryza sativa L.) by germination periods. Rough rice was germinated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 8 days and then extracted with 70% ethanol. It was then analyzed for total polyphenol content, reducing power, antioxidant activities, and in vitro anticancer effects. Total polyphenol content increased from 3.12 mg/g for raw rough rice to 4.05 mg/g at 4 days of germination. Also reducing power increased from 0.96 to 1.25 (p<0.05). DPPH radical scavenging activity increased from 29.25% at 0 day to 34.82% at 2 days. ABTS radical scavenging activity increased from 3.05 mg AA eq/100 g at 0 day to 3.84 mg AA eq/100 g at 4 days, and then decreased afterward. The anticancer effect of ethanol extract at 4 days on stomach cancer cell line (AGS) and colon cancer cell line (HCT-116) showed higher values compared with raw rough rice extract. These results suggest that the best germination periods for increasing biological activities may be 3~4 days.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.1104-1110
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• 1999

We condicted two experiments to evaluate the interaction among fumaric acid (FA), protected acids (PA), or no additional acid (NO) and two different levels of acid buffering capacity (BC) in diets for 14-d-old weaned pigs. BC was varied substituting mono-calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate for dicalcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. In the high BC diet plus PA, FA was also added. In Exp. 1, 48 gilts were raised for 31 days on the six diets, evaluating growth performance and fecal digestibility. In Exp. 2, 42 gilts were raised. With each diet three subjects were sacrificed after 19 days and four after 38 days. In addition, six subjects were sacrificed at weaning. Growth and carcass performance, ileal digestibility, bacterial populations and pH in the gut were assessed. The piglet performance and stomach, ileal and cecal pH, and empty body composition were not affected by the diets. Empty body composition other than ash content was affected by piglet age (p<0.01). The BC did not influence digestibility. The dietary inclusion of PA improved fecal digestibility of protein (p<0.05) compared to the addition of FA and NO. Ileal digestibility slightly increased with both acid additions (p<0.10), the groups receiving PA showing the higher values. Piglets fed diets with low BC had lower Lactobacillus and E. coli counts in the ileum (p=0.07) and higher Lactobacillus in the colon (p=0.08). Acidified diets tended to reduce E. coli counts in the ileum (p=0.10) and increased Lactobacillus in the colon (p=0.09). The addition in the diet of PA increased Lactobacillus in the ileum compared to the sole addition of free fumaric acid (p=0.07). The addition of protected acids, combined with free fumaric acid in the case of high BC diets, increased protein digestibility and Lactobacillus counts and reduced E.coli counts. Only some changes in the concentration of bacterial population can be expected with a diet of low BC.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.353-362
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• 2007

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common food borne mycotoxin and occurs predominantly in grains such as wheat, barley, oats, etc. DON induces systemic health problems such as loss of appetite, emesis and diarrhea in both human and farm animals. Reliable diagnostic parameters for DON intoxication are needed to prevent deep health impact. In order to establish useful diagnostic parameters, we investigated clinical signs, hematological values, serum biochemical values, gross-, histo- and toxico-pathological findings in B6C3F1 male mice after oral administration of DON (0.83, 2.5 and 7.5 mg/kg) for 8 days. Body weight gain was significantly decreased at the highest dose of DON. Anorexia, ataxia, for crudness and lack of vigor were observed at the highest dose DON group. In hematological values, the numbers of WBC and platelets and hemoglobin content were reduced with decreased neutrophil and monocytes by 7.5 mg/kg DON. Prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were prolonged in a dose-dependent manner and the content of fibrinogen was elevated at high dose of DON. Of serum biochemical values, total protein, globulin, BUN, cholesterol and test-osterone were reduced but total bilirubin and albumin/globulin ratio increased. The enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase was decreased while that of alanine aminotransferase was elevated. Relative organ weights of thymus, seminal vesicle/prostate and testes were dose-dependently reduced but those of liver and left adrenal gland increased with dose dependency. As for pathological findings, atrophy of thymus, seminal vesicle/prostate and testes and submucosal edema and ulceration in stomach and depletion of lymphocytes in thymus cortex were observed. In conclusion, these clinical, hematological, blood biochemical and patholgical parameters obtained in the present studies can be used for diagnosis of DON-mycotoxicosis, especially, low WBC, platelets, protein, BUN and testosterone and delayed prothrombin time can be available as for reliable diagnostic parameters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.682-689
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• 2014

This study was carried out to discriminate the effects of the ramie leaf according to the drying methods (hot air drying and freeze drying) on antioxidative activity in vitro and antiproliferation in human cancer cells. There were no significant differences in total polyphenol content of ramie leaf ethanol extracts depending on the drying methods, but total flavonoid content was significantly higher in hot air dried ramie leaf (HR) than in freeze dried ramie leaf (FR). The DPPH radical scavenging activity of HR and FR ethanol extracts were found to be 77.74%, and 77.29% in 1000 ppm, respectively. Antioxidative index of HR and FR ethanol extracts measured by Rancimat were lower than those in BHT, BHA, and ascorbic acid, but were higher than that in control. The antiproliferation effect of 80% ethanol extracts of HR and FR on liver cancer cell line (H460), stomach cancer cell line (AGS), and lung cancer cell line (A549) were increased with a dose-dependent manner. The cancer cell growth inhibition activities of HR and FR ethanol extracts at the concentration of $800{\mu}g/mL$ showed greater than 80% on Hep G2 and A549 cell line, and greater than 75% on AGS cell line. These results suggest that HR and FR ethanol extracts possess potential antioxidative effect and antiproliferation in human cancer cells, and those activities of ramie leaf ethanol extracts depending on the drying methods were similar.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2009

This study was conducted to gather the basic data on making good use of a kind of groundsel (Ligularia fischeri). We have made methanol extracts from Ligularia fischeri and have also determined the effects of extracting temperature and time on the physiological activities of methanol extracts from Ligularia fischeri. Total phenolic compound and flavonoid contents in the methanol extracts from Ligularia fischeri at the extracting concentration of $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ were $75.8-297.7mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and $45.6-173.6mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Total phenolic compound and flavonoid contents, and DPPH radical scavenging activities were most increased when Ligularia fischeri was extracted with methanol at $95^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours, however, nitrite radical scavenging activities were extremely increased at $75^{\circ}C$ for 12 hours by 97.4%. At $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ and $400mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ methanol extracting concentration, the hyperplasia of lung cancer cells (Calu-6) and stomach cancer cells (SNU601) were effectively inhibited over 90%. Consequently, it was assumed that Ligularia fischeri was a functional vegetable with a higher physiological activities. Making the processed foods, it had better make the extracts from Ligularia fischeri with methanol at $95^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.259-265
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• 2012

In this study, we determined total polyphenol content(TPC) and total flavonoid content(TFC) of extracts from Korean cabbage and cabbage using a spectrophotometric method as well as glucosinolates concentration by HPLC. TPCs of Korean cabbage and cabbage extracts were 308.48 ${\mu}g$ GAE/g dry weight and 344.75 ${\mu}g$ GAE/g dry weight, respectively. TFCs of Korean cabbage and cabbage extracts were 5.33 ${\mu}g$ QE/g dry weight and 5.95 ${\mu}g$ QE/g dry weight, respectively. We found six different glucosinolates, namely progoitrin, glucoalyssin, gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, glucobrassicin and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin in the Korean cabbage extract. In the cabbage extract, there was four glucosinolates, namely glucoraphanin, sinigrin, glucobrassicin and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin. We determined the cytotoxic effect of Korean cabbage and cabbage extracts in AGS human stomach cancer cells, HepG2 human hepatic cancer cells and LNCaP human prostate cancer cells by MTT assay. Dose-dependent relationships were found between the extract concentrations and cancer cell growth inhibition. The overall results support that both Korean cabbage and cabbage, the major vegetables in Korea, contain bioactive compounds such as polypheol, flavonoids as well as glucosinolates and they may play a positive role in cancer prevention.