• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.726-737
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• 2023

Piperine, the main bioactive component of black pepper (Piper nigrum Linn.), has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. This study evaluated the supplemental effects of piperine or black pepper on innate immunity, growth, feed utilization efficiency, and intestinal morphology in red seabream (Pagrus major). Six experimental diets were formulated, supplementing piperine at 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg levels (Con, P25, P50, P100, and P200) or 1.0 g/kg black pepper (BP100). Juvenile fish (7.6 ± 0.1 g) were randomly stocked into 18 circular tanks (220 L), including 30 fish per tank. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups, and the feeding trial was conducted for 8 weeks. The results showed that final body weight, specific growth rate, weight gain, and feed utilization efficiency were significantly improved (p < 0.05) when piperine was supplemented into diets at 0.25-2.0 g/kg levels compared to the Con group. Compared to the Con diet, condition factor was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in fish fed with dietary piperine at 0.25-2.0 g/kg or BP100 diet. Serum myeloperoxidase activity was increased (p < 0.05) in P25 and P100 groups and antiprotease activity was increased (p < 0.05) in P100 group compared to the Con group. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) lysozyme activity was observed in P50, P100, P200 and BP100 groups, while total immunoglobulin level was increased in P50, P100 and BP100 groups than Con group. Superoxide dismutase activity was increased (p < 0.05) by dietary piperine at 0.25-2.0 g/kg levels and BP100 diet compared to Con diet. Plasma cholesterol was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in fish fed with piperine (0.5-2.0 g/kg) or BP100 compared to the Con diet. Compared to the Con diet significantly longer (p < 0.05) intestinal villi were observed in fish fed with piperine at 0.25-1.0 g/kg levels, and higher goblet cell count was observed in P25 and BP100 groups. Dietary inclusion of piperine would be a potent immunostimulant in fish diet and the optimum supplementation level would be 0.25-1.0 g/kg.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.581-585
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• 1986

부산수산대학 어류양식연구실 순환여과식장치내에서 1985년 8월 28일부터 9월 17일까지 DO농도에 대한 이스라엘계 잉어의 성장효과를 알아보기 위한 실험이 수행되었다. 순환여과사육장치중의 5개 탱크를 이용하여 동일조건하에서 DO농도 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 및 4.0mg/l로 구분하여 실험했고 실험어는 평균 300g으로 각 탱크에 200kg씩 방양 사육한 결과는 다음과 같았다. DO 3.5mg/l 구에서 사료계수 1.57, 일일성장율 $1.411\%$로서 가장 좋은 성장결과를 얻었으며 DO 4.0mg/l 구에서는 사료계수 1.63, 일일성장률 $1.365\%$를 나타냈다. 그리고 사료섭취량은 이 두 실험구에서 거의 같았으며 DO 3.0mg/l 농도이하에서는 성장율과 사료섭취량이 현격히 감소했다. 실험기간동안 2.0mg/l와 2.5mg/l 농도에서는 사료섭취가 활발하지 않았으며 사료를 먹고난 후 대부분이 주수구에 몰려 산소부족현상을 나타냈고, 4.0mg/l 구에서는 5미가 columnaris 병에 의한 아가미 부식병으르 폐사했다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 순환여과식장치내에서 평균수온 $27.5^{\circ}C$에서 DO 3.5mg/l와 4.0mg/l에서 거의 같은 좋은 성장률과 사료효율을 나타냈으므로 DO 3.5mg/l 이상만 유지시키면 에너지 효율면에서 경제적이 된다고 사료되고, 4.0mg/l 또는 그 이상에서는 energy의 낭비를 초래하고, 또한 부작용이 나타날 가능성이 있지만 이에 대해서는 더욱 연구해 볼 필요가 있다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.888-898
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• 2017

Tenebrio molitor larvae, also known as yellow mealworms (MW), are rich in protein and lipid and can serve as a potential alternative protein and energy source in commercial aquafeeds. Therefore, this study attempts to evaluate the effects of different drying methods on the nutritional value of MW meal. For this, live MW were cold-anaesthetized before being subjected to three different types of drying methods, including freeze-drying, oven-drying at $60^{\circ}C$ and air-drying at room temperature for three days, and compared for proximate composition and energy content. An in-vivo digestibility test was then conducted to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of MW meal in diets for rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. A test diet was prepared by mixing the MW meal with a reference diet (Ref) in a 30:70 ratio with chromium oxide as an inert marker at the inclusion level of 0.5%. Rockfish with mean body weight of 150 g were stocked into a fecal collection system equipped with fiberglass tanks of 400 L capacity. Each group of fish was fed one of the experimental diets to apparent satiation for 4 weeks. The results of the proximate analysis showed that drying methods had no significant effect on crude protein, crude lipid, ash and energy contents of MW. Despite being a rich source of protein and lipid, MW meal was deficient in certain amino acids, particularly methionine, and highly unsaturated fatty acids, particularly 22:6n-3 (DHA) and 20:5n-3 (EPA). MW meal showed high digestibility values for protein (93%), lipid (97%) and energy (88%). These results may indicate that MW meal is a nutritious and acceptable feed ingredient, with comparable digestibility values to conventional animal and plant feedstuffs such as fish meal and soybean meal, in practical diet for rockfish at grower stage.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.187-197
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• 1993

미국 알라바마주의 중서부 지역에 밀집되어 있는 차낼메기 양어장의 수질을 조사하여 양어장 물이 배출되는 그 주변 하천의 수질과 비교하였다. 양어장의 사육 밀도는 헥타르당 10,000마리였으며, 밤 동안(0000-0600)에는 산소를 공급하기 위하여 수차를 사용하였고, 먹이 공급은 일주일에 6일 동안 하였다. 메기 양어장에서 방류되는 사육수의 오염 정도를 알아보기 위하여 양어장의 표층 30cm와 저층에서 1990년과 1991년에, 계절별로 시료를 채취하여 수질 변수를 측정하였다. 수온, 용존산소, pH, 침전성물질, 총부유물질, 휘발성물질, 총인, 용존인, BOD, 총암모니아, 아질산염, 질산염, 그리고 총켈달질소의 평균값은 표층과 저층의 시료사이에 차이가 없었다 (P>0.05). 양어장의 수질은 주변 하천수에 비해서 오염도가 높았으며, 특히 질소와 인의 농도는 아주 높았다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

The changes in osmolality and the gene expression profiles of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) with rapid changes in salinity were compared in the eel (Anguilla japonica), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), and masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou). Fish stocked in freshwater (FW) were abruptly transferred to experimental tanks containing FW, 50% seawater (50% SW), or 100% SW (SW). Blood samples and pituitary glands were collected 2 and 24 hrs after the exposure. No mortality was observed in SW eel (n=6), whereas all of the crucian carp (n=6) and two masu salmon (n=6) exposed to SW died after land 24 hrs, respectively. The PRL mRNA levels of the eel and masu salmon decreased in 50% SW and SW compared to those of the fish kept in FW after 24 hrs, whereas the PRL levels of crucian carp were higher in 50% SW than in FW. Unlike the PRL mRNA levels, the GH mRNA levels of the eel did not differ significantly among three different salinities, while the GH mRNA levels of crucian carp and masu salmon increased significantly in 50% SW and SW after 24 hrs. The serum osmolalities increased marginally in the eel and masu salmon in 50% SW at 24 hrs (19% and 9%, respectively), whereas those of crucian carp increased abruptly in 50% SW (50% increase). These results suggest that the synthesis of PRL and GH is important in relation to the osmoregulatory system with environmental changes in salinity.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.624-633
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine the supplemental effects of two insect meals, mealworm (MW) and black soldier fly (BSF), with high or low lipid levels in diets, on Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Sardine and tuna by-product meals were used as the fish meal source in a control (Con) diet. The fish meals were replaced with MW, defatted MW (deMW), BSF or defatted BSF (deBSF), respectively. The shrimp (body weight: 0.47 g) were stocked into 20 acryl tanks (215 L) and fed the diets six times a day. After 45 days of the feeding trial, the shrimp that were fed insect meals had significantly higher phenoloxidase and superoxide dismutase activities than the shrimp fed Con diet. The gene expressions of prophenoloxidase, crustin and penaeidine-3c in shrimp hepatopancrease were also higher in shrimp that were fed the insect diets, regardless of defatting than those in shirmp that were fed Con diet. The survival against Vibrio parahaemolyticus was higher in shrimp that were fed the diets containing defatted insect meals than in shrimp that were fed Con diet. These results indicate that MW and BSF, regardless of lipid levels, could be good protein sources for the enhancement of innate immunity and anti-oxidant capacity of the shrimp.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2023

We evaluated the effects of prebiotic (mannan oligosaccharides, Mos) and probiotic diet supplements on growth performance, innate immunity, antioxidant activity, and intestinal changes in the microbial flora of red seabream Pagrus major. A basal diet (Con) was formulated to meet the nutrient requirement of red seabream. The dietary starch in Con was replaced with 0.6% Mos, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis and probiotic mixture (labeled as Mos, Pro-LP, Pro-BS, Pro-BL and Pro-Mix, respectively). We stocked 450 fish in 18 polypropylene tanks (400 L) in triplicate groups per dietary treatment. The fish were fed one of the diets twice (08:30, 18:30 h) a day for 63 days. Lysozyme activity was significantly higher in all the supplemented groups than that of the Con group. The immunoglobulin level of Pro-Mix, anti-protease activity of Pro-BL, and glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity of Pro-BS, Pro-BL and Pro-Mix groups were significantly higher than those of the Con group. The ratio of total Vibrio/heterotrophic marine bacteria counts was significantly lower in Pro-LP, Pro-BL and Pro-Mix groups than that of the Con group. Therefore, dietary supplementation of Mos and probiotics to improves immune response and antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibits Vibrio bacteria in the intestine.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.679-685
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• 2012

A study was carried out to observe the effects of feed types on the growth, feed preference, and enteric feed transition rate of juvenile starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus for 45 days. Fifty fish (avg. 135 g) were stocked each in replication, and fed a commercial extruded pellet diet (EP, 45% protein) and a moist pellet diet (MP, 65% raw mackerel+35% feed powder in wet basis), respectively. The MP presented the higher performance than that of the EP on the feed efficiency ($68.3{\pm}0.9%$ for EP and $92.3{\pm}4.3%$ for MP) and the specific growth rate ($1.07{\pm}0.07$ for the EP and $1.20{\pm}0.05%$ for the MP). In contrast, the EP showed the higher feed preference in terms of the daily feed intake ($1.57{\pm}0.08%$ for the EP and $1.30{\pm}0.01$ for the MP) and the ad libitum feeding rate after a fast of 72 hours (1.73% for the EP and 1.35% for the MP). The feed transition rate through intestinal canals decreased exponentially in both the EP and the MP, showing the faster transition rate with the EP. In the result, starry flounder appeared to have the better feed preference to the EP, but have the higher feed efficiency and growth performance to the MP.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.195-206
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• 1980

면적 $26\;m^2$, 여과용 자갈 약 $15\;m^3$로 된 자갈 여과 장치에 연결된 단위면적 약 $7m^2$ 되는 사육탱크 6개와 보조탱크 2개로 구성된 장치에서 어류를 사육하면서 1980년 4월 18일부터 동 10월 14일까지의 180일간의 성장결과를 정리하여 본 결과는 다음과 같다. 1개의 사육탱크를 주실험용으로 사용했으며 이스라엘계 잉어와 이 종과 국내산 잉어 사이의 $F_1$ 잡종을 같은 수량씩 넣어 기른 결과는 총생산 461kg, 순생산 395kg였으며 그 중 이스라엘계 잉어는 약 8배로 성장했는데, $F_1$ 잡종은 약 6배로 성장했다. 남은 탱크에 수용한 잡다어류의 성장결과와 상기 생산량을 참작해 보니 이 시설을 보완개선해 가면서 이용하면 산업적 생산시도도 가능할 것으로 짐작된다. 특히 어류밀도가 높아졌을 때는 보다 효율적인 폭기방법을 이용함이 필요했다. 이 실험을 위해 만들어 사용한 부순환류이용의 고형오염물침전 제거장치는 용수절약을 위해서 효율적이며, 그 기능이 잘 발휘되었다. 가장 문제된 점은 아가미흡충의 심한 번식이었으며, Dipterex, DDVP 등의 사용으로 처음은 잘 제거되지만 곧 저항개체의 출현과 번식으로 이들 약품의 효력이 나타나지 않음을 알았다. 그리고, 이스라엘계 순종은 Dipterex 사용에 의해서 거의 대부분이 기형어로 되지만 $F_1$ 잡종 및 국내산 일반 잉어에는 기형어가 거의 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2005

암모니아는 양식 생산성을 제한하는 주요 인자로서 암모니아 배설의 정량화는 양식시스템 내 수질 관리를 위해 중요하다. 어류의 암모니아 배설은 체중과 사료내 단백질 함량에 영향을 받는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 본 실험에서는 나일틸라피아의 암모니아 배설에 미치는 체중과 사료 내 단백질 함량에 대한 영향을 조사하였다. 세가지 크기의 나일틸라피아, 초기 평균 무게가 4.8 g, 42.7 g, 그리고 176.8 g를 대상으로 두가지 단백질 함량(30.5%와 35.5%)의 사료를 각각 어체중의 6%, 3%,그리고 1.5%공급하였다. 각 실험어는 17.1 L수조에 3반복 수용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 사료 공급 후 최대 총암모니아성 질소(total ammonia nitrogen, TAN) 배설률은 $4{\sim}8$ 시간 사이에 나타났으며, 24시간 이내로 사료 공급 이전 농도로 회복되었다. TAN 배설률$(mg\;kg^{-1}\;h^{-1})$은 어류 무게가 증가할수록 감소하였으며, 사료 내 단백질 함량이 증가할수록 증가하였다(P<0.05). 단백질 함량이 다른 두 가지 사료를 공급했을 때 나일틸라피아의 어체중(X, 습중량)에 따른 일간 TAU 배설식$(Y\;mg\;kg^{-1}\;d^{-1})$은 다음과 같다. 저단백질(30.5%)실험구$(Y\;mg\;kg^{-1}\;d^{-1})=955.69-147.12\;lnX\;(r^2=0.95)$, 고단백질(35.5%) 실험구$(Y\;mg\;kg^{-1}\;d^{-1})=1362.41-209.79\;lnX\;(r^2=0.99)$. 섭취된 질소에 대한 TAN 배설 비율은 저단백질(30.5%) 및 고단백질(35.5%)실험 구에서 각각 $28.5{\sim}37.1%$와 $37.4{\sim}38.5%$으로 나타났으며, 이에 따른 총 질소 손실은 각각 $0.22{\sim}0.68g\;kg^{-1}\;d^{-1}$과 $0.26{\sim}0.91g\;kg^{-1}\;d^{-1}$으로 고단백질 실험구와 어체중이 감소할수록 높게 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과들은 순환여과식 나일틸라피아 양식장 내 수질 및 사육관리를 위한 중요한 자료가 될 것이다.