• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1055-1059
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• 2013

The ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma matsutake grows symbiotically with Pinus densiflora. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (E.C. 4.3.1.24) catalyzes the conversion of L-phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid. The role of fungal phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, however, has not been clear until now. In this study, the gene encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), which was isolated from T. matsutake, was cloned and characterized. The PAL gene (tmpal) consists of 2,160 nucleotides, coding for a polypeptide containing 719 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of tmpal from T. matsutake shows high identity (70%) with that from Laccaria bicolor. Comparative analysis of the PAL genes among T. matsutake and other species of the class Agaricomycetes showed that both active sites and binding sites were significantly conserved among these genes. The transcriptional analysis of the PAL gene revealed a differential gene expression pattern depending on the developmental stages (mycelium, primordium, stipe, pileus, and gills) of T. matsutake. These results suggest that the PAL gene in T. matsutake plays an important role in multiple physiological functions.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2011

The brown seaweed Ecklonia cava is known to be a rich source of phlorotannins that have diverse biological activities. Among the phlorotannins in E. cava, concentrations of dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol-A, which were identified as major active components, were determined in different parts of the tissue. We compared the efficacy of different pretreatments for their extraction. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to determine phlorotannin concentrations showed good accuracy (92.64 and 94.02%, respectively), precision (3.92 and 3.94%, respectively), and linearity (r>0.996). Mature thalli contained 1.5-fold more dieckol (1.82 mg/g-dry tissue) than young thalli. In the tissues of E. cava, blade tissue contained more phlorotannins than the stipe or holdfast. Among differently dried thalli, approximately 90% or more dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol-A were extracted from shadow-dried tissue as compared with lyophilized tissue. In sun-dried and oven-dried thalli, approximately 60% of the phlorotannins were extracted. Thalli washed with fresh water, boiled thalli, and steamed thalli showed reduced extraction of the compounds.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.455-463
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• 2011

Metallothioneins are a class of small cysteine-rich proteins that have been associated with increased tolerance to metal and oxidative stresses in animals, plants, and fungi. We investigated a metallothionein-like (mt-like) gene shown previously to be upregulated in fruiting bodies of the fungus Agaricus bisporus in response to post-harvest storage. Analysis of an A. bisporus genomic DNA cosmid library identified two similar mt-like genes (met1 and met2) arranged as a bidirectional gene pair transcribed from the same promoter region. The promoter contained regulatory elements including 9 metal responsive elements and a CAAT box region 220 bp downstream of met1 that showed striking similarity to a feature in Coprinopsis cinerea mt-like gene promoters. Transcriptional analysis showed that both met genes are significantly and rapidly (within 3 hours) upregulated during post-harvest storage and expression is significantly greater in stipe and cap tissues compared with the gills. However, a strong directionality of the promoter was demonstrated, as transcript levels of met1 were at least two orders of magnitude greater than those of met2 in all samples tested.

• ALGAE
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2005

The morhology and life history of Stylonema cornu-cervi Reinsch from Japan were investigated. The species had multiseriate erect thalli from a basal cell. The thalli usually branched dichotomously, occasionally trichotomously near the base, and non-branched thalli were sometimes observed. A dichotomous branch on the upper portion near the base occurred only one time on each erect branch. Cells contained a stellate chloroplast, which was composed of a central rounded part with an obscure pyrenoid and 5-8 cup-like lobes connected to the central part by a small thin stipe. The biseriate part was observed on the six-celled stage in culture, and the grown thalli were multiseriate except for base and apices. Monospores forming from the immediate transformation of vegetative cells were observed. Thalli grew at 15-25$^{\circ}C$ and died at 10 and 30$^{\circ}C$. The fastest growth and maturation were observed under 25$^{\circ}C$ and 14L:10D. Although S. alsidii (Zanardini) Drew usually had uniseriate thalli, irregularly branched multiseriate thalli had been reported in cultures. It is possible that in the previous report the thalli were confused with S. cornu-cervi. In this report, S. cornu-cervi were distinguished from S. alsidii in that the branches were few, the multiseriate portions were observed on the early stage (six-celled stage), and the grown thalli were multiseriate except at the base and apices.

• ALGAE
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Here we report the first finding of Cryptonemia rotunda and Schizymenia apoda in Korea based on plastid rbcL sequence analysis and morphological observations. C. rotunda occurred in the subtidal in Hongdo and Namyeodo on the south coast. Thalli have short stipe with foliose, membranous blades with dentate margin, a length of 2-8 cm. S. apoda occurred in many locations along the coast of Korea. Thalli are foliose, simple or broadly lanceolate blades with irregular lobes and proliferations from the margins, sometimes undulate, soft fleshy, and slippery, up to 32 cm tall, and have cystocarps with ostioles on the blade. Plastid rbcL sequences reveal that each of these species is clearly separated from other species of their respective genera. S. apoda was well resolved within the genus. However, C. rotunda was distantly related to other members of the genus, and this result needs an urgent revision of the genus.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

처녀이끼과 미기록 분류군 두메괴불이끼(Crepidomanes schmidtianum)가 지리산(경상남도 함양군 마천면 백무동)에서 발견되었다. 두메괴불이끼는 괴불이끼속의 다른 분류군들에 비해서 위맥이 있고, 잎자루에 날개가 거의 없으며, 위가 갈라지고 컵모양인 포막을 갖는 점이 뚜렷이 구별된다. 새로운 국명은 높은 산에서 자란다는 의미로 두메괴불이끼로 하였고, 주요형질에 대한 종기재 및 해부도와 서식지 식물사진 및 한국산 괴불이끼속 식물에 대한 검색표를 제시하였다.

• ALGAE
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.177-181
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• 2005

Two species of marine algae, Fauchea spinulosa Okamura et Segawa (Rhodymeniaceae, Rhodophyceae) and Stictyosiphon soriferus (Reinke) Rosenvinge (Chodariaceae, Phaeophyceae) were newly collected from the southern coast and Cheju Island of Korea. Fauchea spinulosa was collected from subtidal zone in the insular region of the southern coast. Plants were erect from the discoidal holdfast with short stipe, pinkish to deep red, cartilageneous, dichotomously and flabellately branched, and 10-15 cm high, 5-15 mm broad. Tetrasporangia are cruciately divided and nemathecia occurred on a side of the branches. Cystocarps were mostly coronate in marginal area and spermatangia were scattered on both sides of branches. Stictyosiphon soriferus commonly occurs on muddy and sandy intertidal flat of Namhaedo located on the southern coast. Plants are epilithic, light brown, terete, 3-5 cm high, and branched heavily in irregular or alternate manner, arising from a small holdfast with rhizoidal clumps. Plurilocular sporangia were scattered in patches and slightly swollen above the cortex of the whole filament. Unilocular sporangia were not found.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.992-1007
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• 2008

This study was meant to offer the data for predicting the product plan answering the diverse demands for consumers based on the results of analyzing the image and formative property by transforming the stripe patterns. The concrete study way is composed of the collected stimulus centering on the interval of the stripe pattern and value contrast coloration. Consequently 192 stimuli, changed by the pattern direction and pattern interval, clothing style, and contrast coloration, are selected. The experimental materials made for this study are a set of stimuli and response scale. The statistics way used in analysis was factor analysis, ANOVA, dispersion analysis, multiple classification analysis. The results of this study were summed as following. Firstly, In the value contrast, a pair of 27 adjectives were made of attractiveness, activeness, gracefulness, visibility, and tenderness dimension. Secondly, the direction of the pattern, interval, clothing style, and contrast coloration were respectively transformed according to value contrast.

• Mycobiology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.521-526
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• 2019

During the 2014 survey of the mushroom flora of Gwangneung forest in South Korea, we collected two specimens of boletoid mushroom growing on a felled tree of Pinus koraiensis. These specimens were characterized by a light brown to reddish-brown pileus with appressed tomentum, pore surface bluing instantly when bruised, golden-yellow mycelium at the base of stipe, and lignicolous habitat. Both specimens were identified as Buchwaldoboletus lignicola, a rare basidiomycete, based on morphological characteristics and sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS; fungal barcode). Here, we describe these specimens and provide the first report of this genus in South Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.158-165
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• 2005

Psilocybe fagicola comprises a complex of more than eight species, six of them in Mexico, and all of them possessing a long pseudorhiza, a characteristic not listed by Heim and Cailleux in 1959 in the original description of the type species, but described by Guzman in 1978 and 1983. The description of Psilocybe fagicola s.s. is here emended to include the length of the cheilocystidia of(6-) 12-20 (-30) llm, as well as the absence or scarcity of pleurocystidia. Psilocybe xalapensis and P. wassoniorum are considered to be synonymous with P. fagicola s.s. However, Psilocybe banderillensis and P. herrerae from Mexico, P. columbiana from Colombia, and P. keralensis from India are considered to be valid species within this complex. Moreover, P. novoxalapensis and P. teofilae, both from Mexico, are described as new species. Length of spores, presence or absence of pleurocystidia and their variations, and type of cheilocystidia constitute the principal defining characteristics of the species. Setaceous hyphae at the base of the stipe, as well as caulocystidia, lack taxonomic value, as do other morphological characteristics, including pileipellis and subpileipellis. A key to the eight considered species is also presented within the paper.