• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.562-566
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• 2006

Lightweight body can cause a low stiffness due to the decrease of panel thickness and reinforcing member. The other way, high stiffness body demands an increase of mass. Front pillar section area is decreased due to driver's visual field. Global vehicle stiffness is affected by stiffness distribution ratio between upper part and lower part at side body structure. This paper will describe a process used to evaluate the stiffness distribution ratio based on research of strain energy analysis of the tip rotation method. In addition, optimum design schemes are presented for high stiffness and lightweight body structure considering the investigated stiffness distribution ratio. In this way the designer will be aided by a defined design guide and a set of supporting tool to help him work towards a good design

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.901-906
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• 2007

Lightweight body due to the decrease of panel thickness and reinforcing member might cause low stiffness. On the other hand, high stiffness body requires an increase of mass. Front pillar section area has been decreased for increasing the driver's visual field. Global vehicle stiffness is affected by stiffness distribution ratio between upper part and lower part at a side body structure. This paper describes a process used to evaluate the stiffness distribution ratio based on strain energy. In addition, optimum design schemes are presented for high stiffness and lightweight body structure considering the investigated stiffness distribution ratio.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.335-349
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• 2019

A low-cycle loading experiment of 16 transfer column specimens was conducted to study the influence of parameters, likes the extension length of shape steel, the ratio of shape steel, the axial compression ratio and the volumetric ratio of stirrups, on the shear distribution between steel and concrete, the concrete damage state and the degradation of lateral stiffness. Shear force of shape steel reacted at the core area of concrete section and led to tension effect which accelerated the damage of concrete. At the same time, the damage of concrete diminished its shear capacity and resulted in the shear enlargement of shape steel. The interplay between concrete damage and shear force of shape steel ultimately made for the failures of transfer columns. With the increase of extension length, the lateral stiffness first increases and then decreases, but the stiffness degradation gets faster; With the increase of steel ratio, the lateral stiffness remains the same, but the degradation gets faster; With the increase of the axial compression ratio, the lateral stiffness increases, and the degradation is more significant. Using more stirrups can effectively restrain the development of cracks and increase the lateral stiffness at the yielding point. Also, a formula for calculating the yielding lateral stiffness is obtained by a regression analysis of the test data.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2020

수직증축 리모델링시 상부 구조물의 구조적 안정성 확보를 위해서는 기초의 안정성이 우선적으로 확보되어야 한다. 수직증축형 리모델링 구조기준 고시(2014)에 따라, 수직증축시 기존 말뚝과 보강 말뚝의 강성에 따라 상부 하중을 분담하여 지지한다. 하지만, 국내에서는 증축시 활용할 수 있는 기초 보강공법 등에 대하여 연구 주제가 집중되어 있으며, 기존 기초와 보강 기초의 강성 차이에 의한 하중 분담율에 대한 연구는 미비하다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 현장 재하시험을 통해 수직증축 리모델링시 기존 말뚝과 보강 말뚝의 강성에 따른 하중 분담 거동에 대하여 분석을 수행하였다. 서로 강성이 다른 일반 및 파형 마이크로파일을 시공하여 기존 말뚝과 보강 말뚝을 모사하고, 각각의 말뚝에 대한 재하시험을 수행하여 각 말뚝의 강성을 산정하였다. 그 후, 기존 말뚝과 보강 말뚝 두부를 연결하는 기초판을 타설하고 기초판 상부에 하중을 재하함으로써 기존 말뚝 및 보강 말뚝의 강성 차이에 따른 하중 분담 거동을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 파형 마이크로파일의 강성이 일반 마이크로파일에 비해 약 2.5배 크게 산정되었으며, 이에 비례하여 하중을 분담하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.17-30
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• 2019

본 연구는 3차원 수치해석을 통해 기존말뚝과 보강말뚝의 하중분담율(Load Distribution Ratio)과 근사적 해석 기법으로 보강말뚝의 축방향 강성(Axial Stiffness)을 산정하였다. 시공단계를 고려하여 말뚝기초의 LDR에 영향을 미치는 인자를 파악하기 위해서 1) 말뚝기초의 강성, 2) 말뚝기초의 선단지지조건, 3) 기초판 접촉효과, 4) 보강말뚝의 설치위치에 따라 해석을 수행하여 기존말뚝과 신설말뚝의 하중분담율 거동을 확인하였다. 또한 5) 기존말뚝의 축방향 강성($K_{ve}$)를 사용하여 말뚝지지 전면기초의 3차원 근사적 해석기법(YSPR)으로 보강말뚝의 직경에 따른 강성($K_{vr}$)을 산정하고, 장기간 사용으로 인한 경화를 고려하여 $K_{ve}$를 3단계로 나누어 감소시켜 보강말뚝의 강성 변화의 경향을 살펴보고, 신설 말뚝의 강성 산정방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2006년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.725-732
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• 2006

This study has been started for the development of a refined live load distribution formula that has safety and precision toward I type prestressed concrete girder bridge. This type of bridge is mainly applied to short span bridges that are $25{\sim}40m$ in length. Based on various structure analysis models that are currently being applied as preceding studies for the development of live load distribution method. an analysis of flexural stiffness ratio for barrier and diaphragm has been performed. As the result of parametric analysis for the changes in flexural stiffness ratio, the effect of barrier on load distribution showed as insignificant in all structural analysis models while analyzing the deflection distribution. Also. the deflection distribution of the models with stiffness of 25% in which the diaphragm eccentricity is accounted for as same as the models with stiffness of 100% in which the diaphragm eccentricity is unaccounted for. This results are verified through the comparison with a experimental data.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2003

The top-to-bottom compression strength of corrugated board box is the most important mode of loading during it's no, and it depends largely on the edgewise compression strength of the corrugated board in the cross-machine direction and to a considerable extent on the flexural stiffness in both principal directions (CD; cross-machine direction, MD; machine direction) of the corrugated board. Corrugated board is a sandwich structure with an orthotropic property. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the principal design parameters for board combination of corrugated board from the viewpoint of bending strength through the finite element analysis [FEA] fur the various corrugated board. In general, the flexural stiffness [FS] in the MD was 2-3 times larger than that in the CD, and the effect of liner for the FS of corrugated board was much bigger than that of corrugating medium. The flexural stiffness index [FSI] was high when the stiffness of liner was in the order of inner, outer, and middle liner in double-wall corrugated board [DW], and the effect of the stiffness arrangement or itself reinforcement of corrugating medium on the FSI was not high. In single-wall corrugated board [SW] with DW. the variation of FSI with itself stiffness reinforcement of liner was much bigger than that with stiffness arrangement of liner. The highest FSI was at the ratio of about 2:1:2 for basis weight distribution of outer, middle, and inner liner if the stiffness of liner and total basis weight of corrugated board were equal in DW Secondarily. basis weight was in the order of inner, outer, and middle liner. However, the variation of FSI with basis weight distribution between liner and corrugating medium was much bigger than that with itself basis weight distribution ratio of liner and corrugating medium respectively in both DW and SW. md the FSI was high as more total basis weight was divided into liner. These phenomena fur board combination of corrugated board based on the FEA were well verified by experimental investigation.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2005

부재의 내력비, 강성비에 영향을 받는 다층 강구조 골조의 내진성능을 평가하기 위하여 내력비 및 강성비를 설계 파라메타로 하여 동적 비탄성 응답해석을 수행하였다. 해석 결과에 대한 분석을 통하여 내력비와 강성비의 변화폭이 큰 다층골조의 손상분포 예측식을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 1) 보기둥 내력비 및 강성비가 작아질수록 1층의 기둥 주각부에서의 손상집중 현상이 크게 나타났다. 2) 보기둥 내력비 및 강성비를 고려하여 보붕괴형 강구조 다층골조의 손상분포를 예측할 수 있는 식을 제안하였으며, 예측식은 응답해석 결과와 좋은 대응을 보였다. 3) 본 연구에서 제안한 손상분포 예측식은 강접 및 반강접 보붕괴형 강구조 다층골조의 손상분포를 예측할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2024

The stiffness reduction of cross-ply composite laminates featuring a transverse cracking and delamination within the mid-layer is predicted through utilization of a modified shear-lag model, incorporating a stress perturbation function. Good agreement is obtained by comparing the prediction models and experimental data. The material characteristics of the composite are affected by fluctuations in temperature and transient moisture concentration distribution in desorption case, based on a micro-mechanical model of laminates. The transient and non-uniform moisture concentration distribution induces a stiffness reduction. The obtained results demonstrate the stiffness degradation dependence on factors such as cracks density, thickness ratio and environmental conditions. The present study underscores the significance of comprehending the degradation of material properties in the failure progression of laminates, particularly in instances of extensive delamination growth.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.191-203
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• 2010

To investigate the critical buckling load and post-buckling behavior of an axially loaded pile entirely embedded in soil, the non-linear large deflection differential equation for a pinned pile, based on the Winkler-model and the discretionary distribution function of the foundation coefficient along pile shaft, was established by energy method. Assuming that the deflection function was a power series of some perturbation parameter according to the boundary condition and load in the pile, the non-linear large deflection differential equation was transformed to a series of linear differential equations by using perturbation approach. By taking the perturbation parameter at middle deflection, the higher-order asymptotic solution of load-deflection was then found. Effect of ratios of soil depth to pile length, and ratios of pile stiffness to soil stiffness on the critical buckling load and performance of piles (entirely embedded and partially embedded) after flexural buckling were analyzed. Results show that the buckling load capacity increases as the ratios of pile stiffness to soil stiffness increasing. The pile performance will be more stable when ratios of soil depth to pile length, and soil stiffness to pile stiffness decrease.