• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.437-443
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• 2016

Background: Previous phytochemical studies of whole Vernonia cinerea L. plants have identified sesquiterpene lactones, sterols, and triterpenes, which possess anticancer, antifeedant, and antimalarial activities. However, there are no reports of other types of bioactive metabolites. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify phenolic compounds with anti-inflammatory activity in the aerial parts of the plant. Methods and Results: Compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of V. cinerea using a silica and C-18 gel columns and semi-preparative HPLC instrument, and the structures of the compounds were determined using one- and two- dimension nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. The chloroform soluble extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory potential based on their ability to inhibit nitric oxide production and $TNF-{\alpha}$ induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity. Conclusions: Phytochemical study of the aerial parts of V. cinerea led to the isolation of six phenolic compounds. Compound 1 was a major metabolite, and to the best of our knowledge, compounds 2 - 6 were isolated from V.cinerea for the first time. Among the isolates, compounds 1 and 3 exhibited $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 7.5 and 11.5 M, respectively, and the inhibitory activity of phenyl propanoid compound 3 on $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ was evaluated for the first time.

• 한국식품영양과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품영양과학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Food,Nutrition and Health for 21st Century
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• pp.61-68
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• 2001

Soybean, rice and nuts are the staple foods in South East Asia. In order to clarify the function of these foods in relation to coronary heart diseases, we have done a series of experiments using animals and humans. Soybean protein preparations (SPI) in comparison with an animal protein, casein (CAS), resulted in reducing atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein (apo) E deficient mice that develop an advanced lesion similar to that in humans. This action was attributed to the protein, since the ethanol-extracted SPI (EE-SPI), from which isoflavones and saponins removed, lowered the lesion development in apo E-deficient mice. However, The EE-SPI, compared to the SPI, resulted in a decrease of mRNA for key proteins of cholesterol metabolism (low density lipoprotein receptor and cholesterol 7$\alpha$-hydroxylase) in hypercholesterolemic rats, followed by an elevation of the serum cholesterol level, indicating a contribution of isoflavones to the serum cholesterol level. Rice protein (RPI) was also effective to lower the lesion development in apo E deficient mice. Both the SPI and RPI led to an increased level of the serum NOiN03, metabolites of NO. This effect appeared to be attributed to their high content of arginine. Besides, C57BL/6J mice fed a diet containing whole grain rice had an elevation of the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, rice bran oil and the unsaponifiable fraction that is rich in plant sterols were effective to lower serum cholesterol levels in hypercholeserolemic rats. Finally, we tested if walnuts consumption would be hypocholesterolemic for Japanese. A diet containing walnuts effectively lowered the serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in Japanese men and women. These animal and human experiments would be relevant to advocate publics to keep consuming diets including soybean, rice and nuts for their healthful life.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.85-89
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• 1991

한국 남해안 소흑산도에서 채집한 해면 V.japonica H.로부터 통상적인tetradecanoic 및 hexadecanoic methyl ester 이외에 탄소가 홀수인 pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic methyl ester와 가지달린 12-methyltetradecanoic, 14-methylpentadecanoic, 15-methylhexadecanoic 및 14-methylhexadecanoic methyl ester가 발견되었으며, 주 sterol 성분으로는 cholesterol과 소량의 ergost-25-ene-3,5,6-triol이 검출되었다. 한편, 여수 돌산도에서 채집한 해면 H.sinapium의 주 sterol성분은 5${\alpha}$-cholestan-3${\beta}$-ol이었고 cholesterol은 소량으로 얻어졌다. 지방산으로는 팔미틴산, 팔미토레인산, 올레인산, 스테아린산 및 리놀레인산 에틸에스터 이외에 상당량의 arachidonic산 에틸에스터가 함유되어 있었다. 상기 지역에서 채집한 또 다른 해면에서는 상당량의 tetradecanoic tetradecyl 및 hexadecyl ester와 sterol 성분으로 cholesteryl acetic 및 fatty acid ester가 함유되어 있었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.490-496
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• 2006

This study aimed to evaluate in vitro effects of Rheum undulatum L. root on the development of dental caries, especially its effects on viability, dental plaque formation, and glycolytic acid production of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. Methanol extract of Rheum undulatum L. root and its fractions were prepared and tested. Among the test extract and fractions, dichloromethane fraction (DF) showed the most active antibacterial activity (inhibition zone: 13-17 mm) against S. mutans and S. sobrinus in a disc diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of DF against these bacteria ranged from 0.25 to 0.5 mg/mL. Furthermore, DF significantly inhibited the caries-inducing factors of these bacteria. At sub-MIC levels, DF inhibited in vitro dental plaque formation by S. mutans and S. sobrinus ($IC_{50}$= 0.079 and 0.142 mg/mL, respectively), which was caused, in part, by the inhibitory effect on the activity of glucosyltransferases. A significant reduction of glycolytic acid production was found at the concentration as low as 0.032 mg/mL for S. mutans and 0.063 mg/mL for S. sobrinus. The possible bioactive compounds that are inducing in vitro anti-cariogenic activity of DF are unknown. Based on the preliminary phytochemical analysis, the activity of DF may be related to the presence of anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, coumarines, sterols/terpenes, and phenolics. These results indicate that DF is probably useful for the control of dental plaque formation and subsequent dental caries development.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.587-597
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• 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential small RNA molecules that regulate the expression of target mRNAs in plants and animals. Here, we aimed to identify miRNAs and their putative targets in Hibiscus syriacus, the national flower of South Korea. We employed high-throughput sequencing of small RNAs obtained from four different tissues (i.e., leaf, root, flower, and ovary) and identified 33 conserved and 30 novel miRNA families, many of which showed differential tissuespecific expressions. In addition, we computationally predicted novel targets of miRNAs and validated some of them using 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis. One of the validated novel targets of miR477 was a terpene synthase, the primary gene involved in the formation of disease-resistant terpene metabolites such as sterols and phytoalexins. In addition, a predicted target of conserved miRNAs, miR396, is SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE, which is involved in flower initiation and is duplicated in H. syriacus. Collectively, this study provides the first reliable draft of the H. syriacus miRNA transcriptome that should constitute a basis for understanding the biological roles of miRNAs in H. syriacus.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 1997

미강에 함유된 약리성분인 ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ 함량을 검정하여 용도 다양화 연구의 기초 자료를 제공코자 시험을 수행한 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Soxhlet 추출장치에서 얻은 미강유에서 유리 sterol과 ferulic acid ester가 분리되었다. 유리 sterol은 GC-MS에 의하여 campesterol, ${\beta}-sitosterol$ 및 stigmasterol로 구성되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. ferulic acid ester는 알칼리 가수분해에 의하여 얻어지는 검화분해물을 분리용 TLC로 분리하여 triterpene과 sterol을 얻었다. sterol은 GC-MS 측정으로 유리 sterol과 같은 조성임을 알았으며 triterpene은 cycloartanol, cycloartenol, 24-methylenecycloartanol 및 미지의 triterpene로 구성되었다. 미강유나 pitch 중 ferulic acid ester의 흡광도를 기준으로 ${\gamma}-oryzanol$의 함량을 평가한다면 큰 오차는 없으리라 생각된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1977

1. 무환자(無患子)나무종자중(種字中)의 유지함량(油脂含量)은 45.7%로서 콩, 참깨, 땅콩에 비해서 많은 편에 속한다. 2. 지방산(脂肪酸)은 Oleic acid(61.6%)와 Gadoleic acid(20.4%)로서 주요성분(主要成分)을 이루고 있고 monoene산(酸)이 전체지방산(全體脂肪酸)의 82%를 차지하고 있는것이 특징적(特徵的)이다. 3. Amino산조성(酸組成)은 Glutamic acid의 함량(含量)이 6.673%로서 가장높고 대체적으로 필수(必須) amino산(酸)인 Isoleucine(1.255%), Leucine(2.145%), Lysine(2.191%), Phenylalanine(1.536%), Threonine(1.171%), Valine(1.772%)등이 함량(含量)이 높았다. 4. Sterol조성(組成)은 4-desmethyl sterol, 4-monomethyl sterol fraction에서 다 같이 일반고등식물중(一般高等植物中) 성분(成分)과 대차(大差)가 없었으며 단지 4-monomethyl sterol fraction에 있는 RRT 1.27(31.5%)의 미동정물질(未同定物質)이 있다는 것이 특이(特異)하였다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.13.1-13.9
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• 2019

Background: Marine invertebrates are well known as pivotal bioresources with bioactive substances such as anti-inflammatory sterols, antitumor terpenes, and antimicrobial peptides. However, there are few scientific reports on chemical compositions and bioactivities of marine invertebrates from the East Sea of South Korea. Methods: In this study, chemical compositions and biological activities were evaluated on both 70% EtOH and hot water extracts of 5 species of marine invertebrates (Crossaster papposus japonicus, Actinostola carlgreni, Stomphia coccinea, Actinostola sp., and Heliometra glacialis) collected from the East Sea of South Korea. The antioxidant activities were measured by ABTS radical scavenging assay. The cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated using MTT and Griess reagents. Moreover, the antibacterial effect was evaluated using paper disc assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Results: In the results of antioxidant activities, 70% EtOH extract of A. carlgreni showed the highest activity ($IC_{50}\;0.19{\pm}0.03mg/ml$) compared to other extracts. Moreover, 70% EtOH extract of A. carlgreni could significantly suppress the nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7. All extracts treated under $400{\mu}g/ml$ have no cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 macrophages. In the antibacterial test, both 70% EtOH extracts of C. papposus japonicus and H. glacialis showed a significant antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC values were evaluated at 256 and $512{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Conclusions: These results suggested the bioactive potentials of marine invertebrates from the East Sea of South Korea in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.654-665
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• 2019

Background: Panax ginseng Meyer has widely been used as a traditional herbal medicine because of its diverse health benefits. Amounts of ginseng compounds, mainly ginsenosides, vary according to seasons, varieties, geographical regions, and age of ginseng plants. However, no study has comprehensively determined perturbations of various metabolites in ginseng plants including roots and leaves as they grow. Methods: Nuclear magnetic resonance ($^1H$ NMR)-based metabolomics was applied to better understand the metabolic physiology of ginseng plants and their association with climate through global profiling of ginseng metabolites in roots and leaves during whole growing periods. Results: The results revealed that all metabolites including carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, and ginsenosides in ginseng roots and leaves were clearly dependent on growing seasons from March to October. In particular, ginsenosides, arginine, sterols, fatty acids, and uracil diphosphate glucose-sugars were markedly synthesized from March until May, together with accelerated sucrose catabolism, possibly associated with climatic changes such as sun exposure time and rainfall. Conclusion: This study highlights the intrinsic metabolic characteristics of ginseng plants and their associations with climate changes during their growth. It provides important information not only for better understanding of the metabolic phenotype of ginseng but also for quality improvement of ginseng through modification of cultivation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2022

This study aimed to explore the biodiversity of chemical compounds found in the bark of Guibourtia tessmannii from Gabon, commonly called Kévazingo, and evaluate their anti-termite activity to determine their potential values as a source of development of anti-termite products that can be valued in the fields of fine chemicals and wood preservation. Extraction of G. tessmannii bark powders was carried out using the cold maceration method with trichloroethylene, acetone, ethanol, and water. Phytochemical screening made it possible to highlight groups of chemical families present in the extracts. Anti-termite activity was tested on the wild termites "Cubitermes sp" of the genus Isoptera. The yield of the extracts were 17.11% for the buttress and 13.42% for the height at 6 m. Phytochemical tests revealed that alkaloids, polyphenols, sterols, tannins, reducing compounds, flavonoids, saponins, and anthraquinones were present in the extracts. Results of anti-termite activity indicated that anti-termite activity varied with the different parts of the bark studied, extraction solvent, and concentration (50/50) and (25/75) of the extracts used. The extracts at 50/50 concentration showed a slightly better anti-termite activity compared to the 25/75 concentration. In addition, the buttress Kévazingo or buttress showed the strongest anti-termite activity for the aqueous extract with a survival rate of 0% after 2 days.