• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• autumn
• /
• pp.78-84
• /
• 2002

In VE(Value Engineering) process, function analysis technique is utilized as a stepping stone to induce creative idea. However, function analysis is regarded as the most difficult job for VE team to undertake. For this reason, the function analysis is not properly applied or even omitted in construction VE studies. The current problems of function analysis in construction VE are following: 1) lack of basic understanding of the function analysis as problem solving technique, 2) the sequential step-by-step analysis process, 3) lack of interrelationship between function analysis and other phase in th VE process, 4) lack of time, experience, training, and quantitative data etc. The existing function analysis is faultiness theoretically. However, it is not enough for efficient use in practice, Thus The study aims to suggest an function analysis application method and to develop a computerized FAST(function Analysis System Technique) diagramming model, called Easy-FAST, for the efficient and effective function analysis on construction VE projects.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.359-372
• /
• 2015

Rock masses include various rock discontinuities such as faults, joints, and bedding planes. These discontinuities appear as complex structures in geometry. In this study, growth patterns of fractures between two stepping shear fracture tips are numerically modeled using PFC2D (Particle Flow Code). The numerical model showed not only incipient growth of fractures at the tips of preexisting fractures but also subsequent growth of the new fractures. It is observed from all of the experiments that the incipient fractures are tensile cracks developed at $30{\sim}57^{\circ}$ to the preexisting fractures and the subsequent growth of these fractures were at low angles to the preexisting fractures this study.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.118-123
• /
• 2005

Background: A nerve ligation injury may produce a tactile allodynia. The effects of intrathecally delivered lamotrigine on allodynia induced due to fifth and sixth lumbar spinal nerves ligation in rats, using lumbar intrathecal catheters were examined. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 160-180 g) were prepared by tightly ligating the fifth and sixth left lumbar spinal nerves, with the implantation of a chronic intrathecal catheter for drug administration. Mechanical allodynia and allodynic threshold were measured using von Frey filaments and the updown method, respectively. After the baseline hind paw withdrawal thresholds had been obtained, lamotrigine (10, 30, 100 and $300{\mu}g$) was administered intrathecally. Thereafter, the dose-response curves and 50% effective dose ($ED_{50}$) were obtained. Motor dysfunction was assessed by observing the righting/stepping reflex responses and abnormal weight bearing. Results: Intrathecal administration of lamotrigine produced a dose-dependent antiallodynic action ($ED_{50}=61.7{\mu}g$). Mild motor weakness was observed with $300{\mu}g$ lamotrigine, but no severe motor impairment was found. Conclusions: It is suggested that intrathecal lamotrigine could produce moderate antagonism of mechanical allodynia at the spinal level in a rat neuropathic pain model with minimal motor weakness.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.20 no.8
• /
• pp.80-87
• /
• 2006

This paper analyzed the characteristics of the claw pole PM stewing motor by using 3D FEM. As the magnetization occurs along the z-axis of the motor, it is necessary to apply 3D FEM for analysis of the claw pole PM stewing motor. Considering the computation time, reducing the number of the analysis model is effective method of the methods of the reducing analysis time. By using the "Design Of Experiments(DOE)", efficient analysis was able to be done. To see the effects of the design factors, the 3D FEM is applied only to the selected models. As the design factors, the teeth selected models, the number of turns and the permanent magnet overhang was selected.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2020

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the general informatization situation of North Korean defectors and to study the characteristics and needs of the learners in order to provide the directions of information education for them. The results of the study showed the following characteristics of the North Korean defectors: They are slow learners due to the fear of new devices, have difficulty in learning due to the unfamiliar language of information and English, and indifferent when the situation is not related to themselves. Based on these learner characteristics and needs, this study suggests the strategies of step-by-step repetition, use of North and South Korean dictionary of the information terminology, apply job-centered and communication abilities, and suggested a four-element STEP model. Raising the level of informatization of North Korean defectors will help establish a successful settlement to South Korea. This will be a valuable foundation and a stepping stone for the future unification of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.95-125
• /
• 2008

Despite huge significance of public policy information to a country and its people, it seems that Korean government lacks a nationwide service that specializes in managing those information. Nowadays the organization of the central government is very complicated and the amount of information and data they are producing is massively growing. Naturally, without any advanced knowledge, it is not easy to find the information you want from the government information service. Besides, government publications are scattered and not under control of unified collection. This study suggests an efficient policy information service model that can i) provide stepping stones for a competent knowledge-based government by providing necessary information for policy-making process in government ministries and public organizations, ii) build national policy information infrastructure by incorporating policy-related information dispersed over different ministries, and iii) identify new approaches to improve policy information services.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.18 no.7
• /
• pp.405-410
• /
• 2020

Fashion is a visual means of expressing identity, position, marital status, personal inclination, etc. along with beauty, and it is an important practical cultural heritage that can infer past lifestyle habits. In modern society, fashion such as women's suits, high heels, hats, gloves, handbags, necklaces, etc., as well as beauty such as hair, make-up and nail art. It is a model of innovative women's prize and presented a sample of femininity that responds to the radical development of science and technology in the 21st century. Therefore, it is a driving force for a genuine gender equality society. It serves as a stepping stone for futuristic future design. This study, which analyzed the factors of women's sexuality from the viewpoint of beauty college students in the fashion style of the newcomers, makes it possible to present a sample of women' s sexuality that establishes constructive self - help theory. It is thought that a solid foundation of femininity will be provided.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.75-89
• /
• 2009

Objectives: Warm needling combines simultaneously the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion. This study was to investigate whether warm needling could relieve acute knee arthritis induced by carrageenan in rats. Methods: To illuminate the underlying mechanisms of the warm needling-induced antinociception, weight bearing force (WBF) was observed on the acute knee arthritic rat model. Under general anesthesia, ST36, SP9, Hakjung extra point, LI4 were punctured and stimulated with 30 mg moxa ball combustion on top of the needle (${\emptyset}0.18{\times}8mm$). Results: In behavioral test, rats subsequently showed a reduced stepping force of the affected limb 3 hours after the induction of arthritis. Warm needling on the contralateral or ipsilateral ST36 failed to show antinociceptive effect on the acute knee arthritis. Warm needling on the contralateral SP9 or LI4 increased WBF values to normal level in the acute stage of the arthritis. Warm needling on the Hakjung extra-point resulted in the significant antinociceptive effects through acute stage. These effects of warm needling were suppressed by opioids receptor antagonist naltrexone (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and alpha adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine (5 mg/kg, i.p.). Conclusion: The data suggest that warm needling-induced antinociception is differently mediated by acupoints and accomplished by activating the descending inhibitory systems including endogenous opioids and $\alpha$-adrenoceptors.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2023

This paper is a study on the development of an artificial intelligence (AI) system algorithm that recommends indirect advertising products suitable for character web dramas. The goal of this study is to increase viewers' content immersion and help them understand the story of the drama more deeply by recommending indirect advertising products that are suitable for writing lines for web dramas. In this study, we analyze dialogue and plot using the natural language processing model GPT, and develop two types of indirect advertising product recommendation systems, including prop type and background type, based on the analysis results. Through this, products that fit the story of the web drama are appropriately placed, allowing indirect advertisements to be exposed naturally, thereby increasing viewer immersion and enhancing the effectiveness of product promotion. There are limitations of artificial intelligence models, such as the difficulty in fully understanding hidden meanings or cultural nuances, and the difficulty in securing sufficient data for learning. However, this study will provide new insights into how AI can contribute to the production of creative works, and will be an important stepping stone to expand the possibilities of using natural language processing models in the creative industry.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.113-127
• /
• 2004

Objectives : The usage of acupuncture has gained popularity as an alternative method of treatment for certain chronic pain conditions. However, the efficacy of acupuncture in various diseases has not been fully established and the underlying mechanism is not clearly understood. In the present study, the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) applied to foot samli$(ST_{36})$ on the carrageenan-induced knee arthritic pain was examined. Methods : A common source of persistent pain in humans is the knee arthritis. Knee arthritis was induced by injection of 2 % carrageenan $50\;{\mu}l$ into the knee joint cavity. When rats developed pain behaviors, EA was applied for 30 min. under enflurane anesthesia with repeated train stimuli at the intensity of 10X of muscle twitch threshold. The weight bearing force of the hind limb was measured for an indicator of pain level after each manipulation. Results : The average weight borne by the hind limb during normal gait was 55% of total body weight, which was reduced to less than 10% after knee arthritis. EA improved the weight bearing of the arthritic hind limb significantly for the duration of 4 hr. EA applied to $ST_{36}$ point produced a significant improvement of stepping force of the arthritic foot lasting for at least 4 h. However, $GB_{31}$ point did not produce any significant increase of weight bearing force. The analgesic effect was specific to the acupuncture point since the analgesic effect on the knee arthritis model could not be mimicked by EA applied to a nearby point, $GB_{31}$. The relations between EA-induced analgesia and endogenous nitric oxide(NO) and inducible NO synthase(iNOS)/neuronal NOS was also examined. Results were turned out that both NO production and nNOS/iNOS protein expression which is increased by arthritis were suppressed by EA stimulation applied to $ST_{36}$ point. Conclusions : The data suggest 1) that EA produces a potent analgesic effect on the rat model of chronic knee arthritis pain in a point specific manner and 2) that EA-induced analgesia modulate endogenous NO through the suppression of nNOS/iNOS protein expression.