• KSBB Journal
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.308-316
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• 1992

Two-stage continuous culture system has been studied intensively to maximize the productivity of a cloned gene product in unstable recombinant microorganism. As an effort to optimize the two-stage process, transient behavior of the second-stage was studied theoretically as well as experimentally using Escherichia coli Kl2$\delta$Hl$\delta$trp. A mathematical model describing the transient response to a step change in dilution rate was developed based on the assumption that the adaptation rate of cell growth is proportional to the available growth potential, which is defined as the difference in dilution rates between before and after shift-up. The kinetic parameters appearing in the model equations were the dimensionless step increase in growth rate($\alpha$) and the adaptation rate constant(k). These parameters were evaluated for various dilution rates and temperatures by washout method. This relatively simple adaptation model could predict the specific growth rate of the second-stage successfully. Advantage and disadvantage of the proposed model are also discussed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.408-413
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• 1996

A self-diagnostic, air-damped, piezoresitive, cantilever-beam microaccelerometer has been designed, fabricated and tested for applications to automotive electronic airbag systems. A skew-symmetric proof-mass has been designed for self-diagnostic capability and zero transverse sensitivity. Two kinds of multi-step anisotropic etching processes are developed for beam thickness control and fillet-rounding formation, UV-curing paste has been used for sillicon-to-glass bounding. The resonant frequency of 2.07kHz has been measured from the fabricated devices. The sensitivity of 195 $\mu{V}$/g is obtained with a nonlinearity of 4% over $\pm$50g ranges. Flat amplitude response and frequency-proportional phase response have been obserbed, It is shown that the design and fabricaiton methods developed in the present study yield a simple, practical and effective mean for improving the performance, reliability as well as the reproducibility of the accelerometers.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.875-891
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• 2015

Earthquake can occur anywhere in the world and it is essential to design important members in special structures based on maximum possible forces that can be produced in them under severe earthquake. In addition, since the earthquake is an accidental phenomena and there are no similar earthquakes, therefore the possibility of strong earthquakes should be taken into account in earthquake-resistant design of important structures. Based on this viewpoint, finding the critical acceleration which maximizes internal forces is an essential factor in structural design. This paper proposes critical excitation method to compute the critical acceleration in design of important members in special structures. These critical accelerations are computed so that the columns' internal shear force at the base of the structure at each time step is maximized under constraints on ground motion. Among computed critical accelerations (of each time step), the one which produces maximum internal shear force is selected. A numerical example presents to show the efficiency of critical excitation method in determining the maximum internal shear force and base moment under variety of constraints. The results show that these method can be used to compute the resonant earthquake which have large enough effective duration of earthquake strong motion (between 12.86 sec to 13.38 sec) and produce the internal shear force and base moment for specific column greater than the same value for selected earthquakes in constructing the critical excitation (for different cases about 2.78 to 1.29 times the San Fernando earthquake). Therefore, a group of them can be utilized in developing the response spectrum for design of special structures.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2008

This study has been carried out to investigate the dynamic characteristics of RC slabs. For this purpose, the 20-node solid element has been used to discretize the RC slabs into two parts of concrete and rebar. The material non-linearity considering elasto-visco plastic model and the smeared crack model have been adopted in the finite element formulation. The applied load can handle step load, load intensity of harmonic load, area of distributed load and frequency. The frequency of harmonic load has an significant effect on dynamic behaviour in terms of displacement. As the frequency is increased, the effect of load amplitude is more serious. Especially, if the frequency of harmonic load exceeds 30 Hz, it is noted that the displacement by harmonic load is greater than that by step load. In case of harmonic load, the damping effect shows no certain tendency with respect to frequency of load. In details, the damping is effective when the frequency of harmonic load is 2 Hz, but there is no consistent tendency according to damping ratio. The dynamic response when the frequency of harmonic load is 3 Hz shows same result for undamped case as well as for damped case with 5% damping ratio. It is also noted that we can get the largest deflection for damped case with 1% damping ratio. However, there is not any damping effect when the frequency of harmonic load is greater than 4 Hz.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.795-801
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• 2012

This paper describes theoretical approach methodology for the Probability based risk Evaluation Techniques (PET) to monitor the risk levels of small-sized sea floater as like a yacht pier. The risk decision-making process by risk criteria with five-step scales is the core concepts of PET. These five-step scales are calculated from cumulative probability distribution of response functions for the sea floater motions using closed-form expressions. In addition, The risk decision-making process of PET with the risk criteria is proposed in this work. To verify the usability of PET, simulation experiments are carried out using mimic signals with the electrical specifications of ADIS16405 sensor that is to be use as measurement tool for the floater motions. As results from experiments, the risk evaluation error by PET shows 0.38 levels in maximum 5.0 levels. These results clearly shown that the proposed PET can be use as the monitoring techniques.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.303-307
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• 2011

This paper describes an audio watermarking using Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) on significant peaks in frequency domain. The audio signal is broken up into L samples length frames with non-overlapping and rectangular window. The zero-crossing rate of each frame is calculated for decision whether it is proper to be watermarked or not. If the frame is legitimate, frequency magnitude response is computed by discrete Fourier transform. For the QIM, we set the quantization step size based on maximum value of frequency magnitude response and select n significant peaks with w samples around them in frequency domain, totally $n{\times}(w+1)$ samples. Finally, watermark embedding is performed. Decoder extract watermarks based on Euclidean distance, that is a blind detection. The proposed method is robust against many attacks of watermark benchmark.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.777-787
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• 2012

The transient analysis for the output voltage of a piezoresistive microaccelerometer takes a relatively high computation time because at least two iterations are required to calculate the piezoresistive-structural coupled response at each time step. In this study, the high computational cost for calculating the transient output voltage is considerably reduced by an approach integrating the mode superposition method and the least square method. In the approach, data on static displacement and output voltage calculated by piezoresistive-structural coupled simulation for three acceleration inputs are used to develop a quadratic regression model, relating the output voltage to the displacement at a certain observation point. The transient output voltage is then approximated by a regression model using the displacement response cheaply calculated by the mode superposition method. A high-impact microaccelerometer subject to several types of acceleration inputs such as 100,000 G shock, sine, step, and square pulses are adopted as a numerical example to represent the efficiency and accuracy of the suggested approach.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.755-772
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• 2014

A simplistic approach towards evaluation of complete load deflection response of Reinforced Concrete (RC) flexural members under post fire (residual) scenario is presented in this paper. The cross-section of the RC flexural member is divided into a number of sectors. Thermal analysis is performed to determine the temperature distribution across the section, for given fire duration. Temperature-dependent stress-strain curves for concrete and steel are then utilized to perform a moment-curvature analysis. The moment-curvature relationships are obtained for beams exposed to different fire durations. These are then utilized to obtain the load-deflection plots following pushover analysis. Moreover one of the important issues of modeling the initial stiffness giving due consideration to stiffness degradation due to material degradation and thermal cracking has also been addressed in a rational manner. The approach is straightforward and can be easily programmed in spreadsheets. The presented approach has been validated against the experiments, available in literature, on RC beam subjected to different fire durations viz. 1hr, 1.5hrs and 2hrs. Complete load-deflection curves have been obtained and compared with experimentally reported counterparts. The results also show a good match with the results obtained using more complicated approaches such as those involving Finite element (FE) modeling and conducting a transient thermal stress analysis. Further evaluation of the beams during fire (at elevated temperatures) was performed and a comparison of the mechanical behavior of RC beams under post fire and during fire scenarios is made. Detailed formulations, assumptions and step by step approach are reported in the paper. Due to the simplicity and ease of implementation, this approach can be used for evaluation of global performance of fire affected structures.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.36S no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 1999

Estimation of the point spread function (PSF) is one of the main research topic of image processing, because it determines the performance of the auto-focusing system. In this paper, a new algorithm for PSF estimation is proposed, and its application to image restoration is also presented. The procedure for complete realization of the auto-focusing system consists of two steps: PSF estimation based on edge classification, and image restoration using the estimated PSF. More specifically, we divide imput image into multiple small image or block, estimate unit step response and average them on the blocks which contain edge, and estimate 2-dimensional isotropic PSF from the 1 dimensional step response. Finally we obtain in-focused image by using image restoration based on the estimated PSF.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1178-1185
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• 2009

In this paper, a wideband ultra-high speed & high purity discrete frequency synthesizer having minimum 2.5 MHz step size was proposed. To achieve fast and wideband operation, discrete frequencies were synthesized by mixing of 3 different pre-synthesized 16 frequencies made from fixed PLL and frequency dividers. Frequencies with discrete 2.5 MHz step were produced in 710~1,610 MHz. The measured hopping response time was 350 nsec average, output level was 21.5 dBm average with 2.65 dB flatness, spurious and harmonics level were suppressed below -60 dBc, and phase noise was -94 dBc/Hz@100 Hz. Also, a new measurement method for synthesizer response time was described.