• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.19-30
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• 2016

The projection of climate-related range shift is critical information for conservation planning of Korean fir (Abies koreana E. H. Wilson). We first modeled the distribution of Korean fir under current climate condition using five single-model species distribution models (SDMs) and the pre-evaluation weighted ensemble method and then predicted the distributions under future climate conditions projected with HadGEM2-AO under four $CO_2$ emission scenarios, the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5. We also investigated the predictive uncertainty stemming from five individual algorithms and four $CO_2$ emission scenarios for better interpretation of SDM projections. Five individual algorithms were Generalized linear model (GLM), Generalized additive model (GAM), Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), Generalized boosted model (GBM) and Random forest (RF). The results showed high variations of model performances among individual SDMs and the wide range of diverging predictions of future distributions of Korean fir in response to RCPs. The ensemble model presented the highest predictive accuracy (TSS = 0.97, AUC = 0.99) and predicted that the climate habitat suitability of Korean fir would increase under climate changes. Accordingly, the fir distribution could expand under future climate conditions. Increasing precipitation may account for increases in the distribution of Korean fir. Increasing precipitation compensates the negative effects of increasing temperature. However, the future distribution of Korean fir is also affected by other ecological processes, such as interactions with co-existing species, adaptation and dispersal limitation, and other environmental factors, such as extreme weather events and land-use changes. Therefore, we need further ecological research and to develop mechanistic and process-based distribution models for improving the predictive accuracy.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.6
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• pp.91-115
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• 2002

Character industry in Korea has a history of less than 20 years by now, as it began in earnest at the end of the 1980s. Domestic character market is estimated to be around 1.2 trillion won occupying mere 0.01% of the world character market of 1,200 trillion won and less than 4% of the Japanese market, according to the according to the calculation made by Korea Animation Producers Association. Local character takes up only 5% of the domestic character market, necessitating the development of the local character and an increase in market share. It is painful to look at the current status of the local character market especially when compared with the huge world market. However, it might be and opportune moment for us to reverse the situation in our favor by a mental switchover. And we need to face up to the reality that the local character industry has many problems, and it is our duty to settle them. What then are the problems caused by the foreign character taking up 90% of the domestic market? Foreign character overwhelming the local market will bring about cultural dependency, emotional confusion, and financial loss caused by the payment of the royalties stemming from the intellectual property rights. The following is suggested as methods of settlement for such problems: 1. Development of character emotionally appealing to the Koreans 2. Development of long-lived character 3. Development of character firmly based on a good scenario 4. Thorough planning & marketing 5. Establishing an institution exclusively governing character business This study discussed the importance of developing long-lived character appealing not only to the Koreans but also to the whole world, that will meet the requirements as stated in 1 & 2 of above. For this purpose Chungmugong General Lee Soon-shin was chosen out of the Korean historical personages for further analysis, trying to rediscover the significance of the character development based on originality.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.9B no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2002

Fingerprint recognition technology was studied by classification and matching. In general, there are five different classifications left loop, right loop, whore, arch, and tented-arch. These classifications are used to determine which class an individual's fingerprint belong to, thereby identifying the individual's fingerprint pattern. The result of this classification, which is sent to the large fingerprint database as an index, helps reduce the matching time and enhance the accuracy of fingerprint matching. The existing fingerprint classification method relies on the number and location of cores and delta points called singular points. The drawback of this method is the lack of accuracy stemming from the classification difficulty involving unclear and/or partially-erased fingerprints. The current paper presents an efficient classification method to rectify the problem associated with identifying Singular points from unclear fingerprints. This method, which is based on Gabor filter's unique characteristics for magnifying directional patterns and frequency range selections, improves fingerprint classification accuracy significantly. In this paper, this method is described and its test result is presented for verification.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.39-47
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• 2018

The Dial Algorithm, based on single link based calculation, is unable to reflect cyclic paths arising in actual urban transportation networks. At the same time, redefining the paths more efficiently can, by strict standards, lead to irrational results stemming from reduction in the size of the network to be analyzed. To solve these two problems of the Dial algorithm, the research herein proposes a vine network method applied to a link based Dial Algorithm, in which the original three step alogrithm is modified into a vine network-based three step process. Also, an analysis of two case study networks show feasible replication of the predicted cyclic path, unrealistic flow, and unsteady transit, as well as alleviation of the problem of irrational path allocation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.61-70
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• 2009

From the mid-1990s, the discussion on alternative schools began in earnest, and with the increasing interests in them, Korean parents' association of alternative education, KPAAE was launched formally in November, 2008. Among the alternative schools in the nation, thirteen urban alternative schools were studied and analyzed. The result indicated that they are being run by individuals and civic organizations with no approval and the facilities and spatial organization of the schools are poor, which is thought to be mainly due to financial reasons as well as the schools' educational goal that puts emphasis on experiences leading to utilize outside local facilities. With this background, the results from the analysis of the facility status and the spatial organization of urban alternative schools led us to understand the followings: First, it showed that per capita average of area of the urban alternative school is approximately 11.995m$^2$, less than 14N, the standard area of institutional schools. Second, depending on the form of facilities, the space of other facilities is shared to make up for insufficient space, and is utilized to a small degree and for multi-purposes. Third, the space reflects the disposition of subject students, and is located in the area with convenient traffic for students' attending the schools conveniently. Fourth, specialized space is run on the basis of educational goals, and the exploring of career and the improving of sociality are pursued through internship programs associated with local facilities. Thus, it is desirable for the minimum per capita area of the urban alternative school to meet 14N, the standard area of the institutional schools in order that the urban alternative school may overcome the spatial limitation and the financial hardship stemming from the practically difficult constructing of new buildings and the small scale operation, and it may make flexible use of the space, and the students may live their lives smoothly. Also, it is thought that for the activating of the urban alternative schools, the plans for utilizing various facilities associated with local facilities should be considered.

• ALGAE
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 2017

Korean mariculture Undaria pinnatifida was collected during the months of January, February, March, and December of 2010, as well as from January of 2011 to investigate the changes in the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$) and heavy metal with respect to it growth and to identify the factors that influence such changes. The blades of U. pinnatifida showed ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{15}N$ in the range (mean) of -13.11 to -19.42‰ (-16.93‰) and 2.99 to 7.57‰ (4.71‰), respectively. Among samples with the same grow-out period, those that weighed more tended to have higher ${\delta}^{13}C$ suggesting a close association between the carbon isotope ratio and growth rate of U. pinnatifida. Indeed, we found a very high positive linear correlation between the monthly average ${\delta}^{13}C$ and the absolute growth rate in weight ($r^2=0.89$). Nitrogen isotope ratio tended to be relatively lower when nitrogen content in the blade was higher, probably due to the strengthening of isotope fractionation stemming from plenty of nitrogen in the surrounding environment. In fact, a negative linear correlation was observed with the nitrate concentration in the nearby seawaters ($r^2=0.83$). Concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, Hg, and Fe in the blades showed a rapid decrease in their concentration per unit weight in the more mature U. pinnatifida. Specifically, compared to adult samples, Cu, Hg, and Pb were concentrated by 30, 55, and 73 folds, respectively, in the young blades. Therefore, U. pinnatifida tissue ${\delta}^{13}C$ is as an indirect indicator of its growth rate, while ${\delta}^{15}N$ values and heavy metal concentrations serve as tracers that reflect the environmental characteristics.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.71-77
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• 2017

Casting defects produced during the casting process seriously affect the mechanical properties of the resulting products, reduce the performance capabilities of the product, and also result in economic losses. Therefore, this paper mainly investigates the causes of defects and methods by which to reduce these defects stemming from molten metal flows in a runner system of the type widely used in the sand mold casting process. The flow characteristics of a molten alloy are difficult to observe during the actual casting process. For this reason, a water model was used to observe the flow in the casting process, and the flow in each case was recorded using high-speed cameras as part of the experimental process of this study. Several repetitive experiments were performed to improve the accuracy of the experimental results. The traditional casting system was modified according to the design rules proposed by Campbell, and the system was termed flow-adaptive gating system with a water model. Comparing the flow characteristics of traditional and adaptive gating systems with a water model shows that the bubbles in the water in the latter case are reduced more significantly than in the former case. A ceramic filter system was adapted to the flow-adaptive gating system to minimize the instability of the flow during filling, which occurs as the fluid velocity in the runner increases. In additional, the flow behavior with and without the filter system were compared. The water model system in this work was shown to be able to verify that the adaptation of the filter system brings improvements by stabilizing the flow and reducing the amount of bubbles in the runner system. Moreover, using the flow-adaptive runner system with the filter system leads to considerably stable flows in the runner system.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2001

Recently, the interests in the 3D image, generated from the range data and CAD, have exceedingly increased, accordingly a various 3D image database is being constructed. The efficient and fast scheme to access the desired image data is the important issue in the application area of the Internet and digital library. However, it is difficult to manage the 3D image database because of its huge size. Therefore, a proper descriptor is necessary to manage the data efficiently, including the content-based search. In this paper, the proposed shape descriptor is based on the voxelization of the 3D image. The medial axis transform, stemming from the mathematical morphology, is performed on the voxelized 3D image and the graph, which is composed of node and edge, is generated from skeletons. The generated graph is adequate to the novel shape descriptor due to no loss of geometric information and the similarity of the insight of the human. Therefore the proposed shape descriptor would be useful for the recognition of 3D object, compression, and content-based search.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.130-134
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• 2016

The influence of Au/Ni-based contact formed on a lightly-doped (7.3×1017cm−3, Zn-doped) InGaAsP layer for electrical compensation of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) propagation under various rapid thermal annealing (RTA) conditions has been studied. The active control of SPP propagation is realized by electrically pumping the InGaAsP multiple quantum wells (MQWs) beneath the metal planar waveguide. The metal planar film acts as the electric contact layer and SPP waveguide, simultaneously. The RTA process can lower the metal-semiconductor electric contact resistance. Nevertheless, it inevitably increases the contact interface morphological roughness, which is detrimental to SPP propagation. Based on this dilemma, in this work we focus on studying the influence of RTA conditions on electrical control of SPPs. The experimental results indicate that there is obvious degradation of electrical pumping compensation for SPP propagation loss in the devices annealed at 400℃ compared to those with no annealing treatment. With increasing annealing duration time, more significant degradation of the active performance is observed even under sufficient current injection. When the annealing temperature is set at 400℃ and the duration time approaches 60s, the SPP propagation is nearly no longer supported as the waveguide surface morphology is severely changed. It seems that eutectic mixture stemming from the RTA process significantly increases the metal film roughness and interferes with the SPP signal propagation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.3 s.74
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• pp.179-201
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• 2004

Online traffic flow modeling is attracting more attention due to intelligent transport systems and technologies. The flow-density relation plays an important role in traffic flow modeling and provides a basic way to illustrate traffic flow behavior under different traffic flow and traffic density conditions. Until now the research effort has focused mainly on the shape of the relation. The time series of the relation has not been identified clearly, even though the time series of the relation reflects the upstream/downstream traffic conditions and should be considered in the traffic flow modeling. In this paper the flow-density relation is analyzed dynamically and interpreted as a states diagram. The dynamic flow-density relation is quantified by applying fuzzy logic. The quantified dynamic flow-density relation builds the basis for online application of a macroscopic traffic flow model. The new approach to online modeling of traffic flow applying the dynamic flow-density relation alleviates parameter calibration problems stemming from the static flow-density relation.