• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2000

A combination steering system was designed to provide the flexibility in controlling the steering wheel in fishing operations of the inshore and coastal fishing vessels. The designed steering system basically is consisted of three driving units, such as a electrically driven hydraulic pump unit with a solenoid control valve, a DC motor driven hydraulic pump unit and a manually driven hydraulic pump unit, and two controllers to provide remote steering on the deck, respectively. The steering torque was measured and analyzed to investigate the dynamic performance of the developed steering system. The steering system showed excellent linearity between the working pressure of cylinder and the torque of rudder post in case of increasing in rudder angle from $5^{\circ} to 35^{\circ}$ that is, the steering torque increased from $10.4 kgf{\cdot}m$ to $105.3 kgf{\cdot}m$ and then the working pressure of cylinder fluctuated from 6.3 kgf/cm super(2) to 16.4 kgf/cm super(2). The steering time of 3.2 sec in remote hydraulic steering by the on/off solenoid valve control was much faster than 13.2 sec in the manual steering by the helmsman and 11.6 sec in the electric steering by a DC motor, and then it was verified that operation of one unit does not affect other units in combination steering system in any way. Furthermore, the developed steering system can be remotely controlled in multiple stations of the deck during the fishing operation and the automatic pilot steering unit can be used to add hydraulic steering.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.113-119
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• 2014

For the robust design of Motor Driven Power Steering (MDPS) systems, it is important to consider energy efficiency from every aspect such as system configuration and current flow, etc. If design optimization is not considered, it has many problems on a vehicle. For example, when evaluating steering test, particularly the Catch-up test which turning the steering wheel left or right quickly, steering effort should be increased rapidly. Also a vehicle might have poor fuel efficiency. In this study, it is calculated energy consumption for each component of the steering system and analyzed factors of energy consumption. As a result, this paper redefines a method to estimate steering input torque using characteristics of vehicle electric components and then conducts an analysis of contribution for the Catch-up.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.129-143
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• 1998

The vibrations of steering wheel are required to be reduced for convenient ride quality and good controllability. This phenomenon, vibration of steering wheel, is occured by interaction with suspension system, steering system, vehicle body, engine/transmission and tire complicately. But reviewing the current research activities, most researches are performed for the vibration analysis of steering wheel with a simple model, and mot easy to be applied to the variation of each component element connected with steering system as well as that of the steering system. In this study, suspension system and steering system are modelled by the T.L.H. coordinate system which is usually used by a passenger car maker. Also, rigid body motions of engine and elastic motions of vehicle body in the previous study are considered. Derive the equation of motion in 29 d.o.f. and the vibration of steering wheel is analyzed numerically and verify the midelling of steering system by comparison with test results for real car. And then, the optimal design values of the engine mount system obtained from the previous study are applied to the verified steering system model and investigate the effects of various engine mount design values on the vibration of steering wheel.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.227-235
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• 2017

In this paper, a systematic 5-mode(road steering, all-wheel steering, crab steering, reduced swing out mode and independent steering) steering algorithm design process for an all-terrain mobile crane with 5 axles and all steerable wheels is proposed. Steering angles for each steering mode are designed based not only on basic theory but also on vehicle specification, design limitation and requirements. A multi-body dynamic analysis is carried out to investigate the feasibility of the steering algorithm. According to the results, the proposed steering algorithm meets the objective of each steering mode.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2011

Steering gear is the part of an automobile that change circular movement of steering wheel to lateral movement of rack to change driving direction. This can be classified with manual and power steering gear. Manual steering gear is operated only with human power while power steering gear use oil pressure support. These days power steering gear is more common to almost of the car. Recently a korean company manufactures a speed sensitive power steering which provide variable steering feel depend on the speed of car. The Broens company of Australia produces and exports the test equipments for the manufacture of power steering valves and assemblies to major vehicle manufactures. Some korean companies imported the test equipments from Australia, thus increasing the cost. The purpose of this study is development of the valve balance test equipment to measure the valve torque of the power steering gear. This study designed and manufactured the valve balance test equipment to take hold of the power steering valve using CAE analysis. In order to evaluate the performance of the developed valve balance test equipment, the R&R tests have been conducted.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.231-238
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper was to investigate experimentally the steering torque characteristics of a tractor operated in various ground conditions. The experiments were conducted with the tractor reconstructed for steering torque test of the tractor at two different off-road conditions (ground-I and ground-II) and a on-road condition (ground-III), three different levels of tire inflation pressures (69 kPa, 138 kPa and 207 kPa), and four different levels of axle loads (4120 N, 4730 N, 5340 N and 5950 N). The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) The steering torque was increased with the increase in steering angle for all experimental levels of ground conditions, axle loads and inflation pressures of tire. 2) As the axle load increased, the steering torque of the tractor increased for all ground conditions, and the increasing rate of the steering torque with the increase of axle load was greater at on-road than at off-road. 3) As the tire inflation pressure decreased, the steering torque increased. Also the increasing tendency of the steering torque with decreasing the tire inflation pressure showed that the harder the ground was, the larger the effect was. But for the soft ground condition, ground-I, no specific trend with inflation pressures was found. 4) Steering angle-steering torque relationship with ground conditions showed that the increasing rate of the steering torque was greater at on-road than off-road for small steering angle under 10 degree, and was greater at off-road than on-road for large steering angles over 10 degree.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.197-204
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• 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate driving performance of normal subjects for controlling the steering wheel by using foot operated steering devices in the driving simulator. Many people with complete bilateral loss or loss of use of upper limbs but with normal lower limbs are frequently left without use and/ or control of their hands, arms, or the upper extremities of their bodies. As a result, persons disabled in this manner have problems in operation an automobile because they cannot grasp and manipulate a conventional steering wheel. Therefore, if foot operated steering devices are used for controlling the vehicle on in people with disabilities, the disabled people could improve their community mobility by driving a car safely. Ten normal subjects were involved in this research to evaluate steering performance by using three types of steering devices(conventional steering wheel, pedal type foot steering, circular type foot steering) in driving simulator. STISim Drive 3 program was used for testing the driving performance in two road scenarios: straight road and curved road at low and high speed of vehicle (40 km/h and 80 km/h). This study used two-way ANOVA to compare the influences of two factors(type of foot steering device and road scenario) in the three dependent variables of steering performance(standard deviation of lateral position, the lateral position of vehicle and the number of line crossing). The average values of the three dependent variables(standard deviation of lateral position, lateral position and the number of line crossing) of driving performance were significantly smaller for conventional steering wheel or pedal type foot steering than circular type foot steering.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.1069-1073
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• 2011

When the train is running on the small curved line, there would be severe contact between the rail and wheels, which cause noise and vibration as well as abnormal wear on the rail and the wheels. In order to solve these problems, the steering bogie has been developed. To verify steering performance of the steering bogie, steering angles of two trains, one is the advanced EMU with the steering bogie, another is a conventional EMU with the conventional bogie, were measured while running on the small curve. this comparing test shows that the steering bogie has much higher steering performance than the conventional bogie on the same curved line. To verify more performance data of the steering bogie, further testing and monitoring will be done with the advanced EMU in the test track.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.50-58
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• 2002

The test method using simulator to objectively measure the steering feel from several drivers was proposed. It has also described the ideas to analyse the principal factors affecting the steering feel of the driver using the correlation analysis of the measured data and the questionnaire. Proportional Derivative(PD) controller has been used to measure the steering feel, and the control parameters have been selected to obtain the optimal steering feel. Membership frictions of Sugeno fuzzy model are constructed from the assist torque values calculated from PD controller at each steering state. Moreover to verify the performance, this fuzzy controller has been compared with the another fuzzy controller of which membership frictions are derived from the knowledge of drivers. As a result it can be concluded that the proposed fuzzy controller improves the steering feel at each steering state more than any other conventional methods.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1366-1370
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• 2005

As the development of microprocessor technology, electric power steering (EPS) system which uses an electric motor came to use a few years ago. It can solve the problems associated with hydraulic power steering. The motor only operates when steering assistance is needed, so it can save fuel and can reduce weight and cost by eliminating hydraulic pump and piping. As one of performance criteria of EPS systems, the transmissibility from road wheel load to steering wheel torque is considered in the paper. The transmissibility can be studied by fixing the steering wheel and calculating the torque needed to hold the steering wheel from road wheel load. A proportion-plus-derivative control is needed for EPS systems to generate desired static torque boost and avoid transmissibility of fluctuation. A pure proportion control can't satisfy both requirements.