• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.727-734
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• 2007

철근과 fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)의 물리적, 역학적 특성의 차이 및 슬래브 상부 보강재의 기둥 인접부 집중 배근, 그리고 기둥 인접부 슬래브에 강섬유 콘크리트 (SFRC)의 타설 등에 따른 2방향 슬래브의 펀칭 전단 거동에 대한 효과를 평가하였다. 펀칭 전단강도, 강성, 연성, 변형률 분포 그리고 균열 제어 성능 등을 파악하였다. 실험 결과 기둥 인접부의 슬래브에 집중 배근을 하거나 SFRC를 타설하는 것은 glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) 바로 보강된 슬래브의 펀칭 전단 거동을 향상시켰다. 기둥 인접 구역에 집중 배근된 슬래브의 실험 결과를 다양한 설계기준과 타 연구자에 의해 제안된 예측식과 비교하였으며, 집중 배근으로 인한 이점을 예측식에 반영할 수 있도록 집중 배근된 슬래브의 철근비를 산정하는 합리적인 방법도 제안하였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.731-739
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• 2008

이 연구에서는 강섬유 보강 초고강도 콘크리트의 타설방법에 따라 섬유의 방향성이 인장강도에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 섬유의 방향성을 정량적으로 평가할 수 있는 이미지 프로세싱 기법을 개발하였으며, 개발한 기법을 적용하여 섬유의 방향성을 평가하였다. 또한 휨인장실험을 수행하여 섬유의 방향성이 균열발생강도 및 휨인장강도에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 이 연구에서 개발한 이미지 프로세싱 기법은 섬유 방향성 이외에 분산성 계수, 단위면적당 섬유의 개수 등, 분포 특성을 정량적으로 평가하고 있으며, 타설방법에 따라 섬유 분포 특성에 상당한 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 섬유의 방향 분포특성은 강섬유 보강 초고강도 콘크리트의 균열발생강도에는 크게 영향을 미치지 않으나, 휨인장강도에 미치는 영향은 아주 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 이론적인 휨강도 모델식에 실제 섬유 방향성을 적용하여 예측한 결과, 실험 결과와 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.441-464
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• 2017

The determination of the mixture parameters of stabilization has become a great concern in geotechnical applications. This paper presents an effort about the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques including radial basis neural network (RBNN), multi-layer perceptrons (MLP), generalized regression neural network (GRNN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in order to predict the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of silty soil stabilized with bottom ash (BA), jute fiber (JF) and steel fiber (SF) under different freeze-thaw cycles (FTC). The dosages of the stabilizers and number of freeze-thaw cycles were employed as input (predictor) variables and the UCS values as output variable. For understanding the dominant parameter of the predictor variables on the UCS of stabilized soil, a sensitivity analysis has also been performed. The performance measures of root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and determination coefficient ($R^2$) were used for the evaluations of the prediction accuracy and applicability of the employed models. The results indicate that the predictions due to all AI techniques employed are significantly correlated with the measured UCS ($p{\leq}0.05$). They also perform better predictions than nonlinear regression (NLR) in terms of the performance measures. It is found from the model performances that RBNN approach within AI techniques yields the highest satisfactory results (RMSE = 55.4 kPa, MAE = 45.1 kPa, and $R^2=0.988$). The sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the JF inclusion within the input predictors is the most effective parameter on the UCS responses, followed by FTC.

• 폴리머
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.250-256
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 이축 스크류식 압출기를 이용하여 폴리프로필렌(PP)에 도전성 필러인 다중벽 탄소나노튜브 (MWNT)와 스테인레스강 단섬유(SSF)를 첨가하여 복합체를 제조하였으며, 이에 대한 표면저항 및 기계적 특성을 조사하였다. 표면저항을 측정한 결과 PP/MWNT에 소량의 SSF를 첨가하였을 때 더 낮은 MWNT 함량에서 percolation threshold가 나타났다. 그리고 제조된 복합체에 대한 인장시험 결과 순수 PP와 비교해서 파괴점 신장률은 감소하였으나 탄성률과 강도는 증가하였다. 또한 동역학분석을 통하여 MWNT와 SSF 복합체의 저장탄성률과 tan ${\delta}$에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며, SEM을 이용하여 필러들의 모폴로지 및 복합체의 파단면을 관찰하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.967-972
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• 2004

The role of transfer films formed during sliding of polymer composites against steel counterfaces was studied in terms of the tribological behaviors of composites. Four kinds of composites were included in this study: (1) unfilled PPS, (2) PPS+2%CuO, (3) PPS+2%CuO+5% carbon fiber (CF), and (4) PPS+2%CuO+15%Kevlar. The filler material CuO was in nanoscale particulate form and the reinforcing material was in the form of short fibers. The composites were prepared by compression molding at $310^{\circ}C$ and sliding tests were run in the pin-on-disk sliding configuration. The counterface was made of tool steel hardened to 55-60 HRC and finished to a surface roughness of 0.09-0.10 ${\mu}m$ Ra. Wear tests were run for 6 hrs at the sliding speed of 1 m/s and contact pressure of 0.65 MPa. Transfer films formed on the counterfaces during sliding were investigated using AFM and SEM. The results showed that as the transfer film became smooth and uniform, wear rate decreased. PPS+2%CuO+15%Kevlar composite showed the lowest steady state wear rate in this study and its transfer film showed the smoothest and the most uniform characteristics. The examination of worn surfaces of PPS+2%CuO composite using X-ray area scanning (dot mapping) showed back-transfer of steel counterface material to the polymer pin surface. This behavior is believed to strengthen the polymer pin surface during sliding thereby contributing to the decrease in wear rate.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.657-668
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• 2001

Fiber reinforced cementitious composites are nowadays widely applied in civil engineering. The postcracking performance of this material depends on the interaction between a steel fiber, which is obliquely across a crack, and its surrounding matrix. While the partly debonded steel fiber is subjected to pulling out from the matrix and simultaneously subjected to transverse force, it may be modelled as a Bernoulli-Euler beam partly supported on an elastic foundation with non-linearly varying modulus. The fiber bridging the crack may be cut into two parts to simplify the problem (Leung and Li 1992). To obtain the transverse displacement at the cut end of the fiber (Fig. 1), it is convenient to directly solve the corresponding differential equation. At the first glance, it is a classical beam on foundation problem. However, the differential equation is not analytically solvable due to the non-linear distribution of the foundation stiffness. Moreover, since the second order deformation effect is included, the boundary conditions become complex and hence conventional numerical tools such as the spline or difference methods may not be sufficient. In this study, moment equilibrium is the basis for formulation of the fundamental differential equation for the beam (Timoshenko 1956). For the cantilever part of the beam, direct integration is performed. For the non-linearly supported part, a transformation is carried out to reduce the higher order differential equation into one order simultaneous equations. The Runge-Kutta technique is employed for the solution within the boundary domain. Finally, multi-dimensional optimization approaches are carefully tested and applied to find the boundary values that are of interest. The numerical solution procedure is demonstrated to be stable and convergent.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2015

본 연구는 3시간 내화성능을 만족할 수 있는 고성능 무내화피복 CFT 기둥 개발을 위한 연구로서, 고로슬래그 미분말 치환율에 따른 성능평가를 실시한 결과 고로슬래그 미분말 치환율이 증가함에 따라 내화성능이 개선되는 것을 확인 할 수 있었으며, 내화성능을 고려한 CFT 기둥용 100MPa 충전콘크리트의 고로슬래그 미분말 적정 사용량은 40%로 나타났다. 이에 따라 고로슬래그 미분말 40% 혼입 100MPa 충전콘크리트를 적용한 CFT 실물 시험체를 대상으로 재하하중별 내화시험을 실시한 결과 재하하중이 증가함에 따라 내화성능 발현시간이 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 재하하중 2,000kN에서는 240분 이상의 내화성능을 나타내었고, 3,000kN에서는 184분, 4,000kN에서는 120분의 내화성능을 나타내었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.417-435
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• 2021

The optimal distribution of steel fibers over different layers of concrete can be considered as an appropriate method in improving the structural performance and reducing the cost of fiber-reinforced concrete members. In addition, the use of waste tire rubber in concrete mixes, as one of the practical ways to address environmental problems, is highly significant. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the flexural behavior of functionally graded steel fiber-reinforced concrete containing recycled tire crumb rubber, as a volume replacement of sand, after exposure to elevated temperatures. Little information is available in the literature regarding this subject. To achieve this goal, a set of 54 one-, two-, and three-layer concrete beam specimens with different fiber volume fractions (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 1.25%), but the same overall fiber content, and different volume percentages of the waste tire rubber (0, 5, and 10%) were exposed to different temperatures (23, 300, and 600℃). Afterward, the parameters affecting the post-heating flexural performance of concrete, including flexural strength and stiffness, toughness, fracture energy, and load-deflection diagrams, along with the compressive strength and weight loss of concrete specimens, were evaluated. The results indicated that the flexural strength and stiffness of the three-layer concrete beams respectively increased by 10 and 7%, compared to the one-layer beam specimens with the same fiber content. However, the flexural performance of the two-layer beams was reduced relative to those with one layer and equal fiber content. Besides, the flexural strength, toughness, fracture energy, and stiffness were reduced by approximately 10% when a 10% of natural sand was replaced with tire rubber in the three-layer specimens compared to the corresponding beams without crumb rubber. Although the flexural properties of concrete specimens increased with increasing the temperature up to 300℃, these properties degraded significantly with elevating the temperature up to 600℃, leading to a sharp increase in the deflection at peak load.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.57-75
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• 2014

This paper presents an analysis of the results of an experimental program on the performance of a novel configuration of a hybrid FRP-concrete beam. The beam section consists of a GFRP pultruded profile, a CFRP laminate, and a concrete block all wrapped up using filament winding. It was found that the thickness of the concrete block and the confinement by the filament-wound wrapping had a profound effect on the energy dissipation behaviour of the beam. Using a shear punching model, and comparing the predicted results with the experimental ones, it was found that beyond a given value of the concrete block thickness, the deformational behaviour of the beam shifts from brittle to ductile. It was also found that the filament-wound wrap had many benefits such as providing a composite action between the concrete block and the GFRP box, improving the stiffness of the beam, and most importantly, enhancing the load carrying ability through induced confinement of the concrete.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2000년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Fall 2000
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• pp.364-371
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• 2000

The pseudo dynamic test has been carried out so as to investigate the seismic performance of RC bridge piers strengthened with and without glass fiber sheets. The Lessons from severe demage of many infrastructures in Kobe(1995) and Northridge(1996) earthquakes have emphasized the need to develop the retrofit measures to enhance flexural strength, ductility and shear strength of RC bridge piers nonseismically designed before 1992. Therefore, the objective of this experimental research is to investigate the seismic behavior of circular reinforced concrete bridge piers by the pseudo dynamic test. and then to enhance the ductility of concrete piers strengthening with glass fiber sheets in the plastic hinge region. 7 circular RC bridge piers were made in a 1/3.4 scale. Important test parameters are confinement steel ratio, retrofitting. load pattern, etc. The seismic behavior of circular concrete piers under artificial ground motions has been evaluated through strength and stiffness degradation, energy dissipation. It can be concluded that existing bridge piers wrapped with glass fibers in the plastic hinge regions could have enough seismic performance.