• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2019

This study derives load characteristics and analyzes the safety of plowshares operating in dry fields. We mounted a three-blade, reversible plow on a 23.7 kW tractor and measured the plow's tractive force as well as the torque from the engine output shaft on the rear axle under various working speeds (L4, M1, M2, M3). We chose a Korean test site of Seomyeon, Chuncheon with sandy soil texture, as determined using the USDA method. We constructed the load spectrum for torque and tractive force using measured data and derived the fatigue life of the plowshare from a stress-cycle (S-N) curve of the plow material. Our results show that the M3 gear maximizes the driving shaft torque loads and, applying the tractive force load spectrum, creates a cumulative damage sum of $4.14{\times}10^{-5}$. Considering sampling time, we estimate a fatigue life of 805 hours while using the M3 gear. When using the other working speeds, however, all of the stress levels fell within the endurance limits and, therefore, our model predicts infinite plowshare lifetimes. For this analysis, we used a yield strength of 1,079 MPa for the plowshare and static safety factors, analyzed using the maximum stress, between 6.83 and 8.63 under each working speed.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.377-384
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• 2022

복합재 항공기 구조물의 설계 시 인증을 고려한 재료 허용치와 설계치의 설정이 매우 중요하다. 그리고 복합재 구조물의 재료 허용치와 설계치의 설정은 정적강도, 손상허용 요구 조건 및 환경효과가 고려되어야 한다. 빌딩블록 접근법은 오랫동안 민간 및 군수 항공 산업에 적용되어 왔으며 중요한 인증 방법론을 제공하였다. 현재의 인증 방법은 시편, 요소, 부구성품 및 전기체 시험을 포함하는 광범위한 실험을 기반으로 한다. 본 논문에서는 복합재 허용치 실험 사례가 제시되며 빌딩 블록 접근 방식의 중요한 배경 및 적용방법이 제시된다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2023

In this paper, the wind-induced response of Jiayuguan wooden building (world cultural heritage) in Northwest China was studied. ANSYS finite element software was used to establish four kinds of building models under different working conditions and carry out modal analysis. The simulation results were compared with the field dynamic test results, obtaining the model which reflects the real vibration characteristics of the wooden tower. Time history data of fluctuating wind speed was obtained by MATLAB programming. Time domain method and ANSYS were used to analyze the wind-induced vibration response time history of Jiayuguan wooden building, obtaining the displacement time history curve of the structure. It was suggested that the wind-induced vibration coefficient of Jiayuguan wooden building is 1.76. Through analysis of the performance of the building under equivalent static wind load, the maximum displacement occurs in the three-story wall, gold column and the whole roof area, and the maximum displacement of the building is 5.39 cm. The ratio of the maximum stress value to the allowable value of wood tensile strength is 45 %. The research results can provide reference for the wind resistant design and protection of ancient buildings with similar structure to Jiayuguan wooden tower.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2022

The aim of this paper is to study the mechanical behaviors of the cold-formed thin-walled steel and reinforced concrete sandwich composite slab (CTS&RC-SCS) under vertical loads and to develop the calculation methods of its flexural bearing capacity and section stiffness. Two CTS&RC-SCS specimens were designed and manufactured to carry out the static loading test, and meanwhile, the numerical simulation analyses based on finite element method were implemented. The comparison between experimental results and numerical analysis results shows that the CTS&RC-SCS has good flexural capacity and ductility, and the accuracy and rationality of the numerical simulation analysis are verified. Further, the variable parameter analysis results indicate that neither increasing the concrete strength grade nor increasing the thickness of C-sections can significantly improve the flexural capacity of CTS&RC-SCS. With the increase of the ratio of longitudinal bars and the thickness of the composite slab, the flexural capacity of CTS&RC-SCS will be significantly increased. On the basis of experimental research and numerical analysis above, the calculation formula of the flexural capacity of CTS&RC-SCS was deduced according to the plastic section design theory, and section stiffness calculation formula was proposed according to the theory of transformed section. In terms of the ultimate flexural capacity and mid-span deflection, the calculated values based on the formulas and the experimental values are in good agreement.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.401-409
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• 2007

본 연구는 국내 현장에서 적용되고 있는 SRC 기둥-RC 보 강축 방향 접합부의 구조 성능을 평가하기 위하여 국내 현장 조사 및 기존 연구 자료를 기초로 접합부 상세를 분류하였고, 6개의 실험체를 제작하여 구조 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과로부터 하중-변위 이력 및 최대 내력 도달 이후의 내력 저하 등에 대한 거동을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 넓은 보 단면 (RCW-P, RCW-W, RCW-F) 및 T형 보 단면 (RCT-W) 실험체들이 H형강 브라켓 부착형 실험체(HBR-L, HBR-S)에 비해 대체로 우수한 구조적 거동을 보여주었으며, 설계 내력을 상회하는 내력을 보유하고 있었다. 또한 현장에서 적용하여도 무리가 없는 것으로 판단된다. 특히, T형 보 단면 (RCT-W)을 갖는 실험체가 최대 내력 및 최대 내력 도달 이후 강도 저하 등 전반적으로 다른 접합 형태를 갖는 실험체에 비해 우수한 구조 성능을 보유하고 있었다. 그리고 H형강 브라켓 부착형 실험체들 (HBR-L, HBR-S)은 설계 내력에 미치지 못한 최대 내력을 보여 주었고 최대 내력 도달 이후 급격한 하중 저하를 나타내며 취성적인 거동을 보였다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.32-43
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• 2014

Automatic fiber placement (AFP) has become a popular processing technique for composites in the aerospace industry, due to its ability to place prepregs or tapes precisely in the exact position when complex parts are being manufactured. This paper presents the design, analysis, and manufacture of an AFP mandrel for composite aircraft fuselage skin fabrication. According to the design requirements, an AFP mandrel was developed and a numerical study was performed through the finite element method. Linear static load analyses were performed considering the mandrel structure self-weight and a 2940 N load from the AFP machine head. Modal analysis was also performed to determine the mandrel's natural frequencies. These analyses confirmed that the proposed mandrel meets the design requirements. A prototype mandrel was then manufactured and used to fabricate a composite fuselage skin. Material load tests were conducted on the AFP fuselage skin curved laminates, equivalent flat AFP, and hand layup laminates. The flat AFP and hand layup laminates showed almost identical strength results in tension and compression. Compared to hand layup, the flat AFP laminate modulus was 5.2% higher in tension and 12.6% lower in compression. The AFP curved laminates had an ultimate compressive strength of 1.6% to 8.7% higher than flat laminates. The FEM simulation predicted strengths were 4% higher in tension and 11% higher in compression than the flat laminate test results.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2018

The steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) shows better performance under dynamic loading than conventional concrete in virtue of its good ductility. In this paper, a series of quasi-static experiments were carried out on the SFRC with volume fractions from 0 to 6%. The compressive strength increases by 38% while the tension strength increases by 106% when the fraction is 6.0%. The contact explosion tests were also performed on the ${\Phi}40{\times}6cm$ circular SFRC slabs of different volume fractions with 20 g RDX charges placed on their surfaces. The volume of spalling pit decreases rapidly with the increase of steel fiber fraction with a decline of 80% when the fraction is 6%, which is same as the crack density. Based on the experimental results, the fitting formulae are given, which can be used to predict individually the change tendencies of the blast crater volume, the spalling pit volume and the crack density in slabs with the increase of the steel fiber fraction. The new formulae of the thickness of damage region are established, whose predictions agree well with our test results and others. This is of great practical significance for experimental investigations and engineering applications.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.891-907
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• 2020

Many studies reveal that during destructive earthquakes, most of the structures enter the inelastic phase. The amount of hysteretic energy in a structure is considered as an important criterion in structure design and an important indicator for the degree of its damage or vulnerability. The hysteretic energy value wasted after the structure yields is the most important component of the energy equation that affects the structures system damage thereof. Controlling this value of energy leads to controlling the structure behavior. Here, for the first time, the hysteretic behavior and energy dissipation capacity are assessed at presence of elliptical braced resisting frames (ELBRFs), through an experimental study and numerical analysis of FEM. The ELBRFs are of lateral load systems, when located in the middle bay of the frame and connected properly to the beams and columns, in addition to improving the structural behavior, do not have the problem of architectural space in the bracing systems. The energy dissipation capacity is assessed in four frames of small single-story single-bay ELBRFs at ½ scale with different accessories, and compared with SMRF and X-bracing systems. The frames are analyzed through a nonlinear FEM and a quasi-static cyclic loading. The performance features here consist of hysteresis behavior, plasticity factor, energy dissipation, resistance and stiffness variation, shear strength and Von-Mises stress distribution. The test results indicate that the good behavior of the elliptical bracing resisting frame improves strength, stiffness, ductility and dissipated energy capacity in a significant manner.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 1983

구속응력(拘束應力), 전단변형율진폭(剪斷變形率振幅), 다짐함수비(含水比), 다짐에너지, 간극비(間隙比) 및 포화도(飽和度)가 다짐점성토(粘性土)의 동적전단탄성계수(動的剪斷彈性係數)에 끼치는 영향(影響)을 연구(硏究)하기 위하여 도주공진시험(圖柱工振試驗)을 하였다. 이들 각각(各各)의 요소(要素)들은 다짐 흙의 동적전단탄성계수(動的剪斷彈性係數)에 큰 영향(影響)을 나타내며 그 원인(原因)은 다짐에 의한 흙의 여러 가지 변화(變化)로서 설명(說明)할 수 있다. 흙의 동적전단탄성계수(動的剪斷彈性係數)는 다짐에 의해서 크게 증가(增加)되며 최적함수비(最適含水比) 건조측(乾燥側)의 함수비(含水比)에서 다지는 것이 훨씬 더 효과적(効果的)이다. 그리고 동적(動的) 전단탄성계수(剪斷彈性係數)와 정적(靜的) 전단탄성도(剪斷彈性度)는 좋은 상관관계(相關關係)를 나타내며 이를 이용(利用)하여 어떤 일정(一定)한 구속응력(拘束應力)에 대한 동적전단탄성계수(動的剪斷彈性係數)를 일축압축강도(一軸壓縮强度)로부터 쉽게 구할 수가 있다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2005

모래의 aging현상은 점성토에 비하여 무시할 정도로 매우 작아서 1980년대 초까지는 거의 연구되지 않았다. 그러나 퇴적이나 교란 후 시간경과에 따라 관입저항치의 증가가 관찰되면서 현장시험을 중심으로 모래의 aging 효과에 대하여 활발한 조사가 이루어졌고, 최근에는 현장시험뿐만 아니라 실내시험에서도 여러 연구자들에 의해 모래의 aging 효과가 규명되어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 모래의 비배수 반복전단거동에 대한 aging효과를 살펴보기 위해 낙동강 모래를 이용하여 상대밀도$(D_r)$, 압밀응력비$(K_c)$ 그리고 압밀시간을 달리하여 비배수 반복삼축압축시험을 실시하였다. 시험결과, 비배수 반복전단강도$(R_f)$는 압밀시간에 따라 증가한다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 시험결과에서 나타난 aging 에 따른 $R_f$ 증가율을 이용하여 낙동강 모래지반의 지진규모별 비배수 반복전단강도의 현장적용 범위를 제안하였다.