• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.940-951
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• 2009

A comparative study on dynamic and static measurement of initial stiffness was conducted. Because soil stiffness decreases even at very small strains, the initial stiffness has been measured by dynamic tests using shear wave velocity measurement. On the other hand, due to the advance of local strain measurement, the triaxial testing device is capable of measuring the static initial stiffness. It has been known that initial stiffness measured by static triaxial tests is generally lower than that measured by dynamic tests possibly due to the limitation of static measurement of displacement at very small strains. This study presents experimental results indicating that the elastic shear moduli could be the same both in dynamic and static measurements owing to the soil anisotropy induced by anisotropic stresses.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2011

A driver interacts directly with the car seat at all times. There are ergonomic characteristics that have to be followed to produce comfortable seats. However, most of previous researches focused on either static or dynamic condition only. In addition, research on car seat development is critically lacking although Malaysia herself manufactures its own car. Hence, this paper integrates objective measurements and subjective evaluation to predict seat discomfort. The objective measurements consider both static and dynamic conditions. Steven's psychophysics power law has been used in which after expansion; ${\psi}\;=\;a+b{\varphi}_s^{\alpha}+c{\varphi}_v^{\beta}$ where ${\psi}$ is discomfort sensation, ${\varphi}_s^{\alpha}$ is static modality with exponent ${\alpha}$ and ${\varphi}_v^{\beta}$ is dynamic modality with exponent ${\beta}$. The subjects in this study were local and the cars used were Malaysian made compact car. Static objective measurement was the seat pressure distribution measurement. The experiment was carried out on the driver's seat in a real car with the engine turned off. Meanwhile, the dynamic objective measurement was carried out in a moving car on real roads. During pressure distribution and vibration transmissibility experiments, subjects were requested to evaluate their discomfort levels using vehicle seat discomfort survey questionnaire together with body map diagram. From subjective evaluations, seat pressure and vibration dose values exponent for static modality ${\alpha}$ = 1.51 and exponent for dynamic modality ${\beta}$ = 1.24 were produced. The curves produced from the $E_{q.s}$ showed better $R_{-sq}$ values (99%) when both static and dynamic modalities were considered together as compared to Eq. with single modality only (static or dynamic only R-Sq = 95%). In conclusion, car seat discomfort prediction gives better result when seat development considered both static and dynamic modalities; and using ergonomic approach.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.282-284
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• 2006

In this paper, Static load models are developed using measurement based approach which is fundamental for on-line load modeling. The measurement data can be acquired from PMU(phasor measurement units). On the assumption that we have on-line measurement data, a scheme which is for Static load model capable to apply SCADA/EMS is developed. The Least Squares criterion is used for minimizing between measured and simulated data. In this manner, On-line Static load modeling algorithm can be developed. In this paper, a scheme that simple Static load model is applied for On-line load modeling is studied.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.473-478
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• 2003

This paper presents static and dynamic measurement of the stress and motion characteristics for crawler type excavators. Eight scenarios were prepared for static measurement based on two extreme digging positions, maximum digging reach position and maximum digging force position. The measured items for static motion included stress, cylinder pressure, cylinder stroke and digging force. The measured static stresses showed that asymmetric digging force acting on a bucket induced higher stress level than symmetric one. The measured static pressures and digging forces also agreed with design pressures and design digging forces, respectively. The dynamic measurement was performed for two types of motion, that is, simple reciprocation of each cylinder and actual digging motion. The measured items for dynamic motion were stroke and pressure of each cylinder, stresses on the working device and acceleration on the upper plate of an arm. The measured data showed that the natural frequency of the excavator highly depended on the hydraulic stiffness of cylinders. Digging motion tests revealed that digging motion was closer to static motion rather than dynamic one.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집(II)
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• pp.1100-1105
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• 2002

The elasticity of the contact wire is one of important static parameters for the catenary system. This paper presents how to analyse the elasticity of the catenary system using both simple string model method and finite element method with their formula. Analysis results obtained by these two methods for KTX catenary system are compared. A measurement of the elasticity for the KTX catenary under construction which is located near Kumkang bridge is made for the comparison with the analysis results. Both a dynamic and a static methods are tried for the measurement. Because of wave propagation, the dynamic method with 5 km/h running presented an asymmetric variational pattern of the elasticity while the static method presented a symmetric pattern of the elasticity in the span. Measured elasticity using the static method is found to be a little higher than the analysis results. But, the static method can presented us a variational pattern of the elasticity in the span similar to the analysed results. Therefore, the static method can be used for evaluating the elasticity of the catenary system

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

시간적 정확성을 필요로 하는 시스템은 신뢰성을 위하여 실행시간에 관한 정확한 설계와 검증이 필요하다. 따라서 실행시간의 분석을 위한 개발 지원 도구가 필요하고 이를 위한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이러한 개발 지원 도구의 분석 방법은 정적 분석 방법과 측정 기반 분석 방법의 두 가지로 구분된다. 먼저 정적 분석은 짧은 시간에 분석이 가능하지만, 다양한 하드웨어의 존재로 인해 I/O 정보 예측이 어려워 분석 결과의 신뢰성이 떨어진다. 두 번째로 측정 기반 분석은 실제 결과에 근접한 분석이 가능하지만, 사용하기 어렵고 분석에 걸리는 시간이 길다. 이러한 분석 방법의 문제를 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 정적 분석 과정에 소프트웨어 감시 방안을 적용한 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 분석 방안은 정적 분석을 통해 감시가 필요한 대상을 자동으로 결정하고 감시 결과를 통해 과대 예측을 줄일 수 있다. 따라서 감시에 대한 어려움과 시간의 부하를 줄이고 정적 분석의 가장 큰 문제점인 신뢰성을 향상시킬 수 있다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.414-419
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• 2016

Air flow measurement is a fundamental and important task for testing, adjusting, and balancing of HVAC system. However, it is difficult to carry out in the field due to the large size and weight of the flow meter. In this study, for the purpose of developing a small and portable flow meter, we proposed a different method of static pressure measurement and verified it experimentally. In the proposed method, static pressure difference was measured by inserting a tube inside the chamber before and after the nozzles. The results were compared with measurements according to the ANSI/ASHRAE standard. The results were in good agreement, indicating that the inserted tube method could be used for static pressure measurement of a portable flow meter. The proposed method eliminates the pressure tubes that are attached outside, which results in smaller size and easy handling.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.58-60
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• 2000

This paper presents the modeling methods to analyze the static and dynamic performances for practical power system loads using field measurement data. Also, it is included that the several modeling techniques using EMTDC program and field measuring method for real static dynamic loads. As a result of this study, through the comparisons between simulation results and measurement data, typical parameters of static and dynamic loads according to the variation of system voltage and frequency are given.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2014

피타고라스 원리를 이용하면 특정 도형이 보유하고 있는 각도에 대한 계산이 용이해진다. 정적 접촉각 평가방법을 이용할 경우 용액과 고체 물체간의 접촉각의 수치 계산이 가장 중요한 부분이다. 용액과 고체 표면이 이루는 각도 측정을 용이하게 하기 위해서 접촉각을 계산하는 방법을 규격화하는 방법과 접촉각 평가에 따른 실험적 변수 최소화 조건을 마련하였다. 접촉각 실험을 위한 용액의 직경에 따른 접촉각의 각도 계산 오차를 분석하고, 최적의 물방울 직경은 1 mm임을 확인하였다. 피타고라스 원리를 이용한 접촉각 측정방법은 전진각과 후진각을 확인하는데 사용할 수 있으며, 소수성 및 친수성 표면을 분석하는데 적용이 가능하였다. 궁극적으로 일반적인 접선 긋기를 통한 각도 계산 결과보다 피타고라스 원리를 이용하여 접촉각 각도 계산을 실시할 경우 비교적 정확한 접촉각 계산 결과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1126-1132
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• 2009

Bridge structures are designed to support ordinary loadings such as vehicles, wind, temperature and current as well as unexpected loadings like earthquakes and storm. Especially, the displacement of Flexible bridges like an suspension bridge under ordinary loading conditions is necessary to be monitored. In case of long span bridges, there are some difficulties in monitoring the displacement of center of the main span using traditional laser displacement sensors. In this study, the static and dynamic displacement responses due to vehicle loadings were measured by DGPS(differential global positioning system) technique. The displacement response data were compared with data obtained from traditional laser displacement sensors so that the static and dynamic behavior of the bridge under vehicle loadings was examined and the applicability of the displacement response measurement using DGPS technique was verified. The static and dynamic loading test for an self-anchored suspension bridge, So-rok Bridge, was performed using vehicles. The displacement response from DGPS technique and that from laser displacement sensors of the bridge monitoring system were compared. The amplitude of white noise from DGPS based measurement was about 7 mm and that of laser displacement sensor based measurement was about 3 mm. On the other hand, dynamic behavior of the center of main span from DGPS based measurement showed better agreement with influence line of the bridge than that from laser displacement sensors. In addition, there were some irregular and discontinuous variation of data due to the instability of GPS receivers or frequent appearance of GPS satellites. Post-processing via the reference station close to an observation post provided by NGII(National Geographic Information Institute) will be a counter-plan for these defects.