• 비교문화연구
• /
• 제19권
• /
• pp.25-38
• /
• 2010

The "Name" is not only representative of a person but also a cultural heritage containing national cultures. Therefore, we can easily find some cultural value from the square inch sized seal texts. This article is a comprehensive study of the characteristics of names appeared on the seals in the Warring States Period. In the Warring States Period, single name is generally used for naming and this style can be divided into 13 categories. Except unavoidable cases, such as using the name of place, the name of person or the reason of physical characteristics, using double name is very rare and this style can be categorized by 8 kinds. In result, using double name is defined as a fringe method of naming in the Warring States Period. In addition, we can find a big difference between the names of Warring States Period and those of Post-Qin and Han Dynasties in the structural aspects. In conclusion, understanding of the characteristics of names from the Warring States Period can be a great help to better understanding of ancient books and unearthed documents.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.75-85
• /
• 2014

This study is aimed to examine color expressed in fashion items and color of new senior generation in America and Korea. For this study, the three brands were selected by country after examining new senior fashion brand in the United States and Korea. The results of this study are as follows. First, In the case of Korea, t-shirt, cardigan, jacket, coat, and pants were investigated in order. In the case of the United States, blouse, sleeveless t-shirt, skirt, and one piece dress were investigated in order. In other words, Korea is characterized the practical and comfort features, the United States is characterized the practical and feminine modernity. Second, in the case of color, Korea is characterized Bk, YR, R, PB, G and the United States is characterized W, Y, YG, B, BG. In the case of tone, Korea is characterized dark greyish tone, light greyish tone, strong tone, vivid tone, deep tone, and light tone. In the United States, greyish tone, dull tone, soft tone, pale tone, bright tone, and dark tone were used. In the case of color by tone, both Korea and the United States are characterized R, RP, and PB in gorgeous tone. In the case of light tone, both Korea and the United States are characterized Y. In the case of plain tone, Korea is characterized Y and the United States is characterized B and G. In the case of dark tone, Korea is characterized R, Y, G, B and the United States is characterized P, R, and B. The results of the study is expected to be provide as forecasting dates of design planning for the new senior generation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.95-107
• /
• 2015

Because an ecological community consists of diverse species that vary nonlinearly with environmental variability, its dynamics are complex and difficult to analyze. To investigate temporal variations of benthic macroinvertebrate community, we used the community data that were collected at the sampling site in Baenae Stream near Busan, Korea, which is a clean stream with minimum pollution, from July 2006 to July 2013. First, we used a self-organizing map (SOM) to heuristically derive the states that characterizes the biotic condition of the benthic macroinvertebrate communities in forms of time series data. Next, we applied the hidden Markov model (HMM) to fine-tune the states objectively and to obtain the transition probabilities between the states and the emission probabilities that show the connection of the states with observable events such as the number of species, the diversity measured by Shannon entropy, and the biological water quality index (BMWP). While the number of species apparently addressed the state of the community, the diversity reflected the state changes after the HMM training along with seasonal variations in cyclic manners. The BMWP showed clear characterization of events that correspond to the different states based on the emission probabilities. The environmental factors such as temperature and precipitation also indicated the seasonal and cyclic changes according to the HMM. Though the usage of the HMM alone can guarantee the convergence of the training or the precision of the derived states based on field data in this study, the derivation of the states by the SOM that followed the fine-tuning by the HMM well elucidated the states of the community and could serve as an alternative reference system to reveal the ecological structures in stream communities.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.640-645
• /
• 1987

Surface states and interfacial phenomena at the undoped polycrystalline semiconductor particale-electrolyte interfaces were qualitatively analyzed based on the zeta potentials which were measured with microelectrophoresis measurements. The suspensions were composed of the undoped polycrystaline silicon(Si) or gallium arsenide (GaAs) semiconductor particles stalline Si and GaAs particles in the KCl electrolytes was 3.73~6.2x10**-4 cm\ulcornerV.sec and -2.3~1.4x10**-4cm\ulcornerV.sec at the same conditions, respectively. The range of zeta potentials corresponding to the electrophoretic mobilities is 47.8~80.1mV and -30.1~17.9mV, respectively. The variation of the zeta potentials of the undoped polycrystalline Si was similar to the doped crystalline Si. On the other hand, two points of zeta potential reversal occurred at the undoped polycrystalline GaAs-KCl electrolyte interfaces. The surface states of the undoped polycrystalline Si and GaAs were dominated by positively charged donor surface states. These surface states are attributed to adsorbed ion surface states (slow states) at the semiconductor oxide layer-electrolyte interfaces.

• 대한예방한의학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.137-149
• /
• 2010

In recent decades, as the utilization of complementary and alternative medicine in the United State have been growing rapidly, regulatory controls surrounding complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) aims to ensure patient protection against unproven practices and to provide safe and effective treatments. Regulation and policy method on licensing CAM practitioners varies across the states. Over 85% of the states have the licensing system for acupuncturists, chiropractors, and naturopaths. For acupuncture, although the requirements for formal education are various across the states, a unified written examination has been adopted by almost entire states which have acupuncturist licensing law. Medicare, the public medical insurance, does not cover CAM practices except chiropractic and biofeedback. In some states, however, Medicaid programs cover some CAM therapies including acupuncture, naturopathy, and massage therapy. 67% of Health Maintenance Organizations, the private health plans, provide at least one modality of CAM services. In conclusion, government policies have been strengthened to ensure patient protection, and will continue to integrate CAM practices that are proven to be safe and effective into mainstream health care system.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.217-226
• /
• 2016

A new method is proposed based on a hidden Markov model (HMM) to estimate and analyze battery states of health. Battery system health states are defined according to the relationship between internal resistance and lifetime of cells. The source data (terminal voltages and currents) can be obtained from vehicular battery models. A characteristic value extraction method is proposed for HMM. A recognition framework and testing datasets are built to test the estimation rates of different states. Test results show that the estimation rates achieved based on this method are above 90% under single conditions. The method achieves the same results under hybrid conditions. We can also use the HMMs that correspond to hybrid conditions to estimate the states under a single condition. Therefore, this method can achieve the purpose of the study in estimating battery life states. Only voltage and current are used in this method, thereby establishing its simplicity compared with other methods. The batteries can also be tested online, and the method can be used for online prediction.

• Journal of Public Diplomacy
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.69-96
• /
• 2022

How does a public health crisis play into the digital rhetoric of states? As Covid-19 is presenting a situation in which countries need to manage the international environment in a relatively short period, their practices could signal how digitization is going to influence public diplomacy in the longer run. This paper explores state public diplomacy in the context of a public health crisis. It develops a theoretical framework of public diplomacy on social media through how and what states communicated during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic. Through keyword and hashtag analyses, we identify two patterns. First, states usually regard social media as an instrument for domestic communication rather than public diplomacy. The international impact of messaging has not been prioritized or well-recognized. Social media platforms such as Twitter have global outreach and messaging can be seen by audiences all over the world. Messages intended for the domestic audience could have an international impact. Thus, any communication on digital platforms should consider their public diplomacy outcomes. Second, while social media platforms are claimed to be for networking at different levels, states tend to connect with other states rather than with international organizations during the pandemic. States do not like to mention international organizations like the WHO and the UN on Twitter. Instead, they were either busy dealing with internal problems or cooperating with another state to combat the virus.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제27권1_2호
• /
• pp.409-417
• /
• 2009

A definition of finite automaton (DFA and NDFA) with intuitionistic fuzzy (final) states is proposed. Acceptance of intuitionistic fuzzy regular language by the finite automaton (DFA and NDFA) with intuitionistic fuzzy (final) states are examined. It is found that the finite automaton (DFA and NDFA) with intuitionistic fuzzy (final) states is more suitable for recognizing intuitionistic fuzzy regular language than earlier model. The paper also gives an idea of intuitionistic fuzzy regular expressions through possible definitions.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.52-57
• /
• 1995

An accurate and efficient single-integral semi-numerical model is developed and applied to analyse effects of localized electronic states in the mobility gap on the drain-current versus gale-voltage characteristics of hydrogenated amorphous field-effect transistors. It is shown that the low-density deep-gap states distributed in the midgap also sensitively and largely influence the device electronic performance as well as well as the large-density tail states distributed near the conduction band edge.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.219-221
• /
• 2003

Rabi oscillation between bound states of a single potential is well known. However the corresponding formula between the states of two different potentials has not been obtained yet. In this work, we derive Rabi formula between the states of a coupled harmonic oscillator which may be used as a simple model for the electron transfer. The expression is similar to typical Rabi formula for a single potential. This result may be used to describe transitions between coupled diabatic potential curves.