• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.696-703
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to examine the bulk/sheet forming characteristics of bulk amorphous alloys in the super cooled liquid state. Recently it is reported that amorphous alloys exhibit stress overshoot/undershoot and non-Newtonian behaviors even in the super cooled liquid state. The stress-strain curves with the temperature-dependences as well as strain-rate dependence of Newtonian/non-Newtonian viscosities of amorphous alloys are obtained based on the previous experimental works. Then, those curves are directly used in the thermo-mechanical finite element analyses. Upsetting and deep drawing of amorphous alloys are simulated to examine the effects of process parameters such as friction coefficient, forming speed and temperature. It could be concluded that the superior formability of an amorphous alloy can be obtained by taking the proper forming conditions.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.2729-2734
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• 2009

We report here the surface behavior of zirconium oxide deposited on Si(100) substrate depending on the different substrate temperatures. The zirconium oxide thin films were successfully deposited on the Si(100) surfaces applying radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering process. The obtained zirconium oxide films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for study about the chemical environment of the elements, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for check the crystallinity of the films, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) technique for measuring the thickness of the films, and the morphology of the films were investigated by atomic force microscope (AFM). We found that the oxidation states of zirconium were changed from zirconium suboxides ($ZrO_{x,y}$, x,y < 2) (x; higher and y; lower oxidation state of zirconium) to zirconia ($ZrO_2$), and the surface was smoothed as the substrate temperature increased.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.2661-2664
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• 2009

Photodissociation of nitrous oxide near 203 nm has been studied by a combination of high resolution slice ion imaging technique and (2+1) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy of $N_2(X^1{{\Sigma}_g}^+)$ via the (a″$^1{{\Sigma}_g}^+$) state. We have measured the recoil velocity and angular distributions of $N_2$ fragments by ion images of the state-resolved photofragments. The $N_2$ fragments were highly rotationally excited and the NN-O bond dissociation energy was determined to be 3.635 eV. Also, we investigated the photofragment images from the photodissociation of $N_2O$ clusters with various stagnation pressures.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.96-105
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• 1994

Theoretical model for membrane transport of large polye!ectroiyte is presented. When the electric field is applied, the molecular conformation quickly orients in the field direction showing overshooting orientation. the predicted dependence of overshoot time and orientation upon field intensity and molecular size aids to understand the dynamic motion of molecules in membrane transport. The dynamics of the overshoot is associated with self-trapping conformations of molecule. The understanding of these effects supports evidences for the electrophoretic filtration of polydectrolyte in the polymeric membrane. This paper shows one example for molecular study in the theoretical review paper of membrane transport.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1358-1371
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• 2017

Dynamic thermal rating (DTR) system is an effective method to improve the capacity of existing overhead line. According to the methodology based on CIGRE (International Council on Large Electric systems) standard, ampacity values under steady-state heating balance can be calculated from ambient environmental conditions. In this study, simulation analysis of relations between parameters and ampacity is described as functional dependence, which can provide an effective basis for the design and research of overhead transmission lines. The simulation of ampacity variation in different rating scales is described in this paper, which are determined from real-time meteorological data and conductor state parameters. To test the performance of DTR in different rating scales, capacity improvement and risk level are presented. And the experimental results show that the capacity of transmission line by using DTR has significant improvement, with low probability of risk. The information of this study has an important reference value to the operation management of power grid.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.840-845
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• 1996

Rate constants have been measured spectrophotometrically for the reactions of p-and m-nitrophenyl 2-thiophenecarboxylate (5a and 5b, respectively) with alkali metal ethoxides (EtO-M+) in absolute ethanol at 25.0±0.1 ℃. The reactivity of EtO-M+ exhibits dependence on the size of alkali metal ions, i.e. the reactivity of EtO-M+ toward 5a decreases in the order EtO-K+ ≥ EtO-Na+ > EtO-Li+ > EtO-, while the one toward 5b does in the order EtO-Na+ ≥ EtO-K+ > EtO-Li+ > EtO-. This result indicates that ion paired EtO-M+ is more reactive than dissociated EtO-, and alkali metal ions form complexes with the substrate more strongly at the transition state than at the ground state. The catalytic effect shown by alkali metal ions appears to be less significant in the reaction of 5 than in the corresponding reaction of 4, indicating that complexation of alkali metal ions with 5 is not as strong as the one with 4.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1172-1176
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• 1999

Nucleophilic substitution reaction of Y-benzyl bromide with X-pyridines are investigated in DMSO at 45.0℃. Biphasic rate dependence is observed on varying the substituents in the substrate (Y) as well as in the nucleophile (X). The two well-defined straight lines in the Hammett (ρy) and Bronsted ( βx) plots are interpreted to indicate the changes in transition-state structure, a decrease in bond cleavage as the substituent on the substrate is changed from electron-donors ( ρy < 0) to electron-acceptors ( ρy > 0), and an increase in the extent of bond formation with the corresponding changes of the substituent on the pyridine. A Jencks' type analysis of separate polar (ρ) and resonance (ρr) effects can also be accounted for by the change of the transition-state structure, not by the variable combination of polar and resonance effects.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.385-392
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• 2019

The present fractional-order plasticity models for granular soil are mainly established under the triaxial compression condition, due to its difficult in analytically solving the fractional differentiation of the third stress invariant, e.g., Lode's angle. To solve this problem, a three dimensional fractional-order elastoplastic model based on the transformed stress method, which does not rely on the analytical solution of the Lode's angle, is proposed. A nonassociated plastic flow rule is derived by conducting the fractional derivative of the yielding function with respect to the stress tensor in the transformed stress space. All the model parameters can be easily determined by using laboratory test. The performance of this 3D model is then verified by simulating multi series of true triaxial test results of rockfill.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.291-295
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• 1985

The efficiency of photosensitization of methyl linoleate (ML) oxidation by N-acetyl-L-trypophan(NAT) and 3-methyl indole(scatole) was markedly enhanced by increased concentration of ML in ethanol solution. The fluorescence intensities of sensitizers were observed to be quenched by ML, indicating that ML interacts with the indole excited singlet state. The inhibition of photosensitization by azide demonstrated a possible role of singlet oxygen in the photosensitization. The steady state kinetic treatment of azide inhibition of photosensitization was expected to show linear increase of reciprocal yield of ML oxidation product vs. reciprocal ML concentration at constant azide concentration, but the actual slope was nonlinear. This indicates another competing reaction involved in the photosensitization, As a possible competing reaction, electron transfer from ML to the excited sensitizer was proposed, since the measured fluorescence quenching rate constant closely resembled electron transfer rate constant determined from ML concentration dependence of oxidation product formation.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.391-395
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• 2011

The structure and dielectric properties of poled <001>-oriented 0.7Pb($Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3-0.3PbTiO_3$ (PMN-0.3PT) crystals have been investigated for orientations both parallel and perpendicular to the [001] poling direction. An electric field induced monoclinic phase was observed for the initial poled sample. The phase remained stable after the field was removed. A quite different temperature dependence of dielectric constant has been observed between heating and cooling due to an irreversible phase transformation. The results of mesh scans and temperature dependence of the dielectric constant demonstrate that the initial monoclinic phase changes to a single domain tetragonal phase at 370K and to a paraelectric cubic phase at 405K upon heating. However, upon subsequent cooling from the unpoled state, the cubic phase changes to a poly domain tetragonal phase and to a rhombohedral phase. In the ferroelectric tetragonal phase with a single domain state, the dielectric constant measured perpendicular to the poling direction was dramatically higher than that of the parallel direction. A large dielectric constant implies easier polarization rotation away from the polar axis. This enhancement is believed to be related to dielectric softening close to the morphotropic phase boundary and at the phase transition temperature.