• 철학연구
• /
• 제144권
• /
• pp.141-166
• /
• 2017

아도르노가 대중운동에서 가장 중요하게 비판하고 있는 지점은 혁명 지도자와 추종자의 동일성이다. 그 동일화 작업은 세 가지의 특징을 가진다. 첫 번째 특징은 실제의 적대자보다 더 한 이미지를 만들어 적과 동지의 구분을 확실하게 해 집단 내에 연대감을 조성하는 것이다. 이렇게 연대감에 의해 조성된 대중 안에서 저항하는 개별적 주체들은 사라지고 집단과 동일화된 주체만이 존재하게 된다. 두 번째 특징은 낙관주의적인 유토피아를 제시해 대중이 초월적 가치로부터 구원이 도래한다고 믿게 만드는 것이다. 또한 이러한 대중운동은 본인이 속한 연대에 어긋난다고 여겨지는 다른 집단이나 사람들에 대해 논의 과정 없이 비난하는 데에 그친다. 세 번째 특징은 나르시시즘을 기반으로 한 대중 최면상태를 통해 개별적 주체가 사라진 대중이 지휘자들과 동일화 되어 다른 주체들에게 자신이 걸린 최면상태를 강요하는 것이다. 본 논문의 목적은 아도르노가 대중운동의 파시즘적인 폭력에 대해 어떻게 비판하고 있는지 살펴보고 대중운동의 과제에 대해 어떤 것을 제시하고 있는지 분석하는 것이다.

• 융합보안논문지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2013

국가안보란? 국가의 안전보장을 줄여 이르는 말이다. 현재 우리의 안보위협은 주적과 잠재적인 적의 위협으로 구분할 수 있으며 주적은 다시 내부의 적과 외부의 적으로 구분한다. 아놀드 토인비는 "국가의 멸망은 외부가 아니라 내부의 분열로 시작 된다"고 하였다. 즉 내부의 적을 더 경계하라는 뜻인데 과연 우리는 얼마나 국민의 분열과 체제전복을 시도하는 내부의 적을 인식하고 있는가? 본고에서는 일부이기는 하나 사회 전 분야에 침투하여 적과의 내통은 물론 유언비어의 날조, 폭력시위를 선동하고 심지어 합법을 가장하여 입법기관에 까지 입성하여 국가전복을 시도하는 우리 내부의 적과 그 숙주세력인 동조자 및 방조자들을 어떻게 봐야하며 선진국의 국가 전복세력에 대한 대응실태와 과거 서독이 체제 수호를 위해 노력했던 교훈을 토대로 우리나라가 자유민주주의 체제 수호를 위해 내부의 적에 대한 전 역량이 결집된 대응방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• Strategy21
• /
• 통권41호
• /
• pp.85-107
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this article is to explore recent developments in piracy attacks at the global level. This article provides an overview of global trend of recent piracy attacks and presents global counter-piracy efforts at the international and governmental as well as industry level. The issue of piracy has been a grave concern of the globe, becoming the biggest threat to the safety and security navigation and seaborne trade. Overall, piracy attacks in recent years have greatly diminished owing to multi-faceted counter-piracy efforts. However, Southeast Asia and West Africa have reemerged as an hotspot of piracy. A worrisome trend in these regions is that many of piracy attacks are committed by militant groups for financing their activities. As a result, the level of violence and the sophistication of attacks have escalated. The problem of contemporary piracy is beyond a particular region or coastal state, but a common concern of the international community. In order to address the global piracy problem, international cooperation should be further strengthened at the global level as well as the regional level. As a way of counter-piracy measures in Southeast Asian waters, the creation of a joint regional coast guard to patrol the highly piracy concentration areas needs to be considered.

• 교육시설 논문지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.23-32
• /
• 2016

This research aims to securement of crime prevention for school violence and invasion from outside etc. For crime prevention efficiency secure, It has purpose for school current state comprehension and prevention essential elements deduction autonomously etc. Furthermore, school facility crime dangerousness evaluation checklist is looked for autonomous monitoring tools. This checklist made from analysis of frequency, importance and check availability of 6 native and foreign existing CPTED evaluation's 360 indexes. Then, 81 indexes was derived from analysis, and that indexs verified through focus group interview. Finally, total 47 articles checklist emerged with general details, external school, internal school, and school administrative managements. Through this checklist, school can select essential elements of the preferential crime prevention autonomously, and so it is expected to prompt improvement of crime dangerousness elements, school violence and reduction of crime rate.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.122-137
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to find the exact state of cyberbullying and the countermeasure for it. cyberbullying is characterized by having the wideness, the anonymity and the intellectualization unlike the harassment of off-line. The result of this study, the cyberbullying is increased through the e-mail, cellular phone, and website around the teenagers. In particular, the cyberbullying has appeared mainly among the same age friends, it is proved that injurers inflict the harassment mainly at their own place and the ratio of the harassment by one self is higher than many. In addition, it is quite probable that the injurer-student who inflicts the harassment in off-line also can do it in on-line and to attack the cyberbullying is easy to find by the student who is indulged himself in internet use. Therefore, it is presented that the countermeasure in educational side and systematic side on this study. First on the educational side, there are presented the practice of the preventive education against the cyberbullying, expansion of the preventive schools for the cyber ethics and cyber crime and strengthening of the guideline for students in cyberspace. Second on the systematic side, there are presented the appointment of various committee, to strengthen the protection of damaged students, preparation of laws for cyberbullying, expansion of information office for internet addiction, improvement of the system for the school custodian and to extend the operating for cyber clearness school.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the M&L Trauma Psychotherapy Program on: Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R-K); Euro QOL-5 Dimension (EQ5D); Five-facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ); and psychological tests. Methods: Eight middle-aged women subjected to domestic violence participated in the two-day M&L Trauma Psychotherapy Program. The Program was executed 5 times 2 days for about 3 hours. We evaluated IES-R-K, EQ5D, FFMQ, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), State-Trait Anger Expression inventory (STAXI) and SUDS before the Program and for four weeks afterwards, to analyze the effects of the M&L Trauma Psychotherapy Program. Results: The scores of IES-R-K, BDI, STAI-S, STAI-T, Hwa ST and Hwa CT decreased significantly (p<0.05). EQ5D scores increased significantly (p<0.05) and overall physical condition scale (VAS) increased. In the FFMQ scores, all five facet scores increased slightly. Scores of SUDS decreased significantly right after the program, and remained decreased four weeks later, rather than before the Program (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results suggested that the M&L Trauma Psychotherapy Program improved post-traumatic stress, quality of life and mindfulness skills, and had positive responses to psychological problems - depression, anxiety, anger and distress.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.97-101
• /
• 2016

Background: Workplace violence (WPV) is becoming an issue that needs immediate attention in the United States, especially during this period as more states are adopting the "stand your ground laws to promote worker protection." This study was conducted to investigate how WPV has contributed to an unsafe environment for nurses and nursing assistants who work in long-term medical care facilities. Methods: A structure questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. Three facilities were sampled and 80 nurses and certified nursing assistants participated in the study. Ninety-two percent (n = 74) were female and 8% (n = 6) were male. Approximately 62% were black or African American, approximately 33% were Caucasians, and only 2% were from other ethnicities. Results: We found that 65% of the participants had experienced WPV while 41% believed that management shows little or no concern for their safety. Approximately 23% of respondents believed that reporting supervisor's WPV act is an unsafe action. In addition, 22% of those who reported that they have experienced WPV believed that the work environment is not safe to perform their duties. This significant difference in perception of workplace safety between those who had experienced WPV and those who had not was significant (t = 3.95, df = 158, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: WPV is an epidemic problem that affects all health-care professionals. The findings of this study could help long-term medical care facilities' management identify the areas to focus on mitigating, controlling, and/or eliminating incidents of WPV.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제22권10호
• /
• pp.131-136
• /
• 2022

The main purpose of the article is to study the legal aspects of the transformation of the content and forms of education under the pressure of the pandemic. The global COVID-19 pandemic that began in 2020 exacerbated the global economic and social crisis and revealed new social problems that need to be addressed urgently. First of all, these are problems in the field of human health, problems of medicine and its financing, psychological problems caused by the total restriction of social contacts of people, problems of suicides, aggressive behavior, intolerance, violence and many other social problems. It would seem that the problems of education are not relevant today. But we cannot agree with this. A number of theoretical methods of analysis were applied during the study. Based on the results of the study, key legal aspects of the transformation of the content and forms of education under the pressure of the pandemic were identified.

• 영어영문학
• /
• 제57권3호
• /
• pp.391-411
• /
• 2011

This paper examines Du Boisian critique of American exceptionalism through a close textual analysis of his writings from early essays to later works. As an attempt to respond to the persistent grip American exceptionalism has on both the academia and the intellectual world at large, this paper tries to fill in the gaps within the discourse of American exceptionalism by exploring the works of one of the most towering American intellectual figures, and suggests that the discourse of American exceptionalism has remained within the purview of white scholars. Although at times inconsistent and contradictory, Du Bois's trenchant critique of American civilization and Western imperialism deconstructs the original ideals of America, creating more than a fissure in the ideology/hegemony/state fantasy of American exceptionalism. I argue that Du Boisian critique of American exceptionalism shows its violent marginalization and racialization based on white supremacy. Du Boisian critique should be a cautionary tale for those scholars who talk of "reform" or "replenishment" or even who occlude the possibility that American exceptionalism has not always functioned as a "state fantasy" by assuming its absolute blinding powers.

• 한국심리학회지:법
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.171-197
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 일반인이 정당방위를 어떻게 판단하고 있으며 판단시 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인들은 어떤 것이 있는지 실증적으로 고찰하고자 하였다. 정당방위 판단에 영향을 주는 요인을 정당방위 유형, 정당방위에 대한 기사, 판단자 개인 특성인 폭력 허용도, 법적 태도로 나누어 만 20세 이상의 성인 남녀 총 651명을 대상으로 연구자료를 수집 및 분석하였다. 참가자들은 정당방위가 주장되는 상황을 유형화하여 작성된 세 유형 중 하나의 유형에 할당되고, 각 유형에 해당하는 정당방위 관련 기사와 시나리오를 제공받은 후 정당방위 판단을 하였다. 또한, 개인적 요소인 법에 대해 가지는 태도, 폭력 허용도가 측정된 후 정당방위 판단에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 자신을 위한 정당방위 유형에서는 정당방위를 인정하는 비율이 가장 높았으나, 국가기관에 대항하는 정당방위 유형에서는 정당방위를 불인정하는 비율이 훨씬 높은 반대 양상을 나타내었다. 또한, 정당방위에 대한 기사 중 정당방위가 잘 인정되지 않는다는 부정적인 기사가 정당방위 판단에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 더불어 참가자 개인의 폭력 허용도, 법적 태도가 정당방위 판단에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 확인한 일반인들의 정당방위 판단 과정과 정당방위 판단에 영향을 줄 수 있는 제반 요소들은 실제 배심 재판에서의 편향적인 판단을 방지하기 위한 고려 요소가 될 수 있을 것이다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 한계점, 후속 연구를 제언하였다.