• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2016

A program code was developed to calculate block hydraulic conductivity of the 2-D DFN(discrete fracture network) system based on equivalent pipe network, and implemented to examine the effect of joint orientation distribution on the hydraulic characteristics of fractured rock masses through numerical experiments. A rock block of size $32m{\times}32m$ was used to generate the DFN systems using two joint sets with fixed input parameters of joint frequency and gamma distributed joint size, and various normal distributed joint trend. DFN blocks of size $20m{\times}20m$ were selected from center of the $32m{\times}32m$ blocks to avoid boundary effect. Twelve fluid flow directions were chosen every $30^{\circ}$ starting at $0^{\circ}$. The directional block conductivity including the theoretical block conductivity, principal conductivity tensor and average block conductivity were estimated for generated 180 2-D DFN blocks. The effect of joint orientation distribution on block hydraulic conductivity and chance for the equivalent continuum behavior of the 2-D DFN system were found to increase with the decrease of mean intersection angle of the two joint sets. The effect of variability of joint orientation on block hydraulic conductivity could not be ignored for the DFN having low intersection angle between two joint sets.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.161-184
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• 2017

This study aims to draw implications by analyzing the direction of the reorganization of French teacher policy focusing on ESPE which was introduced in 2013 according to the flow of French education reform. When looking at the major changes in the French teacher training system, three revisions have been made over the last 25 years and starting from IUFM introduced in 1991 and through in 2009, ESPE, a new teacher training institute, has been introduced in 2013 and been running. ESPE is an independent professional teacher training institution for educating teachers (from kindergarten to university) as well as education specialists and the understanding of ESPE has a significance in that it can see the direction of reform of French teacher policy in the fact that all advantages of the former system is succeed at maximum and the disadvantages are complemented. When looking at the major reorganization direction of French teacher policy, first, it has strengthened its position as a research teacher by connecting teacher training with the master's degree program. Second, it pursued the balance between theoretical education and field training in teacher training. Third, eligibility criteria of teacher training become diversified and it's downgrading from master degree to bachelor degree. Fourth, teacher training, teacher recruitment exam, master degree in teaching and teacher certification are linked each other. Fifth, teacher training is made in two aspects, teachers as well as education specialists. In conclusion, French teacher policy has a great significance in terms of the fact that the will of reform improving the quality of education ultimately through establishing the status as research teacher and improving the quality of teachers can be seen.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.45-53
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• 2009

This study concerned remediation of heavy metal contaminated farmland soils near abandoned mine, using stabilization method, with particular emphasis on the remediating the soils contaminated with multi-elements. In this study, stabilizing heavy metals based on 'In-situ chemical fixation' has been applied to the soil collected from an abandoned mine in Korea, using column test, with various stabilizing agents, including $FeSO_4$, $KMnO_4$, sludge (collected from coal mine drainage treatment pond), zero-valent iron (ZVI), zeolite and $CaCO_3$. Sixty five-days operation of the flow-through columns yield $FeSO_4\;+\;KMnO_4$ and zeolite are efficient on reducing As leaching from the soil. ZVI and sludge are reducing the leaching of Cu. Although $FeSO_4\;+\;KMnO_4$ seem to be efficient for most heavy metals, high pH in the initial stage of test enabled high leaching of the heavy metals, whereas fixation of the heavy metals maintain throughout the rest of the test period, with increasing pH up to around 6. Addition of some alkaline agent may inhibit the low pH during the application. The column test was also run as two set: one set incubated with deionized water for 72 hours prior to starting the test, and the other without incubation. The incubated set demonstrated better stabilizing efficiency, indicating the potential optimized operation method.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.14-24
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• 2018

Pedestrian movement of passengers using smart card within stations can be divided into three types of activities - straight ride and alight, line transfer, and station transfer. Straight ride and alight is transfer activity for which the card terminal and embarking line are identical. In this case, straight ride occurs at the origin station and straight alight occurs at the destination station. Line transfer refers to activity in which the subway line embarked on by the passenger is different from that which is disembarked. Succinctly, line transfer is transfer at a middle station, rather than at origin or destination stations. Station transfer occurs when the card terminal line and embarking line are different. It appears when station transfer happens at the origin station as starting transfer, and at the destination station as destination transfer. In the case of Metropolitan smart card data, origin and destination station card terminal line number data is recorded, but subway line data does not exist. Consequently, transportation card data, as it exists, cannot adequately be used to analyze pedestrian movement as a whole in subway stations. This research uses the smart card data, with its constraints, to propose an analysis model for passenger pedestrian movement within subway stations. To achieve this, a path selection model is constructed, which links origin and destination stations, and then applied for analysis. Finally, a case study of the metropolitan subway is undertaken and pedestrian volume analyzed.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.149-159
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• 2019

Borehole elemental concentration logging, measuring neutron-induced gamma rays by inelastic scattering and neutron capture interactions between neutron and formation, delivers concentrations of the most common elements found in the minerals and fluids of subsurface formation. X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analysis from core samples are traditionally used to understand formation composition and mineralogy, but it represents only part of formations. Additionally, it is difficult to obtain elemental analysis over the whole intervals because of poor core recovery zones such as fractures or sand layers mainly responsible for groundwater flow. The development of borehole technique for in situ elemental analysis plays a key role in assessing subsurface environment. Although this technology has advanced consistently starting from conventional and unconventional resources evaluation, it has been considered as exclusive techniques of some major service company. As regards domestic research and development, it has still remained an unexplored field because of some barriers such as the deficiency of detailed information on tools and calibration facility for chemistry and mineralogy database. This article reviews the basic theory of spectroscopy measurements, system configuration, calibration facility, and current status. In addition, this article introduces the domestic researches and self-development status on borehole elemental concentration tools.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2021

To cope with automobile exhaust gas regulations, ISG (Idling Stop & Go) and charging control systems are applied to HEVs (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) for the purpose of improving fuel economy. These systems require quick charge/discharge performance at high current. To satisfy this characteristic, improvement of the positive electrode plate is studied to improve the charge/discharge process and performance of AGM(Absorbent Glass Mat) lead-acid batteries applied to ISG automotive systems. The bonding between grid and A.M (Active Material) can be improved by applying the Sand-Blasting method to provide roughness to the surface of the positive grid. When the Sand-Blasting method is applied with conditions of ball speed 1,000 rpm and conveyor speed 5 M/min, ideal bonding is achieved between grid and A.M. The positive plate of each condition is applied to the AGM LAB (Absorbent Glass Mat Lead Acid Battery); then, the performance and ISG life characteristics are tested by the vehicle battery test method. In CCA, which evaluates the starting performance at -18 ℃ and 30 ℃ with high current, the advanced AGM LAB improves about 25 %. At 0 ℃ CA (Charge Acceptance), the initial charging current of the advanced AGM LAB increases about 25 %. Improving the bonding between the grid and A.M. by roughening the grid surface improves the flow of current and lowers the resistance, which is considered to have a significant effect on the high current charging/discharging area. In a Standard of Battery Association of Japan (SBA) S0101 test, after 300 A discharge, the voltage of the advanced AGM LAB with the Sand-Blasting method grid was 0.059 V higher than that of untreated grid. As the cycle progresses, the gap widens to 0.13 V at the point of 10,800 cycles. As the bonding between grid and A.M. increases through the Sand Blasting method, the slope of the discharge voltage declines gradually as the cycle progresses, showing excellent battery life characteristics. It is believed that system will exhibit excellent characteristics in the vehicle environment of the ISG system, in which charge/discharge occurs over a short time.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.53
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• pp.207-247
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• 2020

is a project for the senior generation with humanistic knowledge to become a mentor and communicate with them to present the wisdom and direction of life to the new generations of mentees based on various life experiences. has been expanding since 2015, starting with the pilot operation in 2014. In general, projects such as these are assessed to establish effectiveness indicators to verify effectiveness and to establish project management and development strategies. However, most of the evaluations have been conducted quantitatively and qualitatively based on the short-term duration of the project. Therefore, in the case of continuous projects such as , especially in the field of culture and arts where long-term effectiveness verification is required, the short-term evaluation is difficult to predict and judge the actual meaningful effects. In this regard, tried to examine the qualitative change of key participants in this project through the 2017 and 2018 image tracking survey. For this purpose, we adopted qualitative research methodology through interview video shooting, field shooting, and value coding as a research method suitable for the research subject. To analyze the results, first, the interview images were transcribed, keywords were extracted, value encoding works were matched with human psychological values, and the theoretical method was used to identify changes and to derive the meaning. In fact, despite the fact that the study conducted in this study was a follow-up survey, it remained a limitation that it analyzed the changed pattern in a rather short time of 2 years. However, this study systemized the specific methodology that researchers should conduct for follow-up and provided the flow of research at the present time when there is hardly a model for follow-up in the field of culture and arts education business in Korea as well as abroad. Significance can be derived from this point. In addition, it can be said that it has great significance in preparing the detailed system and case of comparative analysis methodology through value coding.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.24-29
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• 2022

This paper is a purpose to Analyze and study the failure examples for a engine oil leakage of camshaft bearing seal, poor contact by computer connector fin damage and vaporizer inferiority on LPG automotive. The first example, when the researcher disassembled the cylinder head of engine to establish the cause for oil leakage, he confirmed the engine oil leakage by damaged between the engine intake camshaft bearing and seal part. The second example, the connector fin of power source line that control the starting of a car supplied with engine computer. As a result, it found the fact that the engine operation stopped because of cutting of the power source by connector fin damage. The third example, it verified the engine incongruity phe cutting of the power source by connector fin damage. The third example, it verified the engine incongruity phenomenon as thd gas didn't flow the vaporizer by foreign substance deposit. Finally, it supplied a small quantity gas from vaporizer to mix. As the computer controlling mix opening condition supplied a air as opening signal, the air and fuel became rarefied state. it knew that the engine didn't produce prpper power. Therefore, a car have to throughtly inspect not in order to arise the failure symptoms.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.73-90
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• 2013

Franchise industry know-how and an excellent management company organically integrated knowledge management resources industry. The franchise industry in the country's economic growth continues to contribute a large bar, has had an impact on the company's growth The franchise industry franchise industry in Japan than in other industries, and long-term steady growth rate despite the recent recession and recovery illustrates a trend Thus, the structure of the franchise industry in Japan by analyzing the company's franchise industry in Korea for overseas expansion strategies are evaluated In this study, a plateau in Japan to get bigger and provide a starting point for the 2009 and 2010 Census of Japan Association of Chain and Franchise all over the franchise system through a comparative analysis of Japanese overseas franchise business structure and strategies, and identify the research Korea based on the company's overseas expansion strategy is aimed at For this purpose, literature review and statistical analysis of the number of chain stores industry results, sales trends over the following four results are derived. 1) services with emphasis laid plans enable one franchise 2) the flow of services to the aging franchise, nursing, health-oriented, early childhood education, beauty and related business expected to grow 3) Recognition of Japanese culture and understanding of the importance of the service sector to account for differences in 4) services business of the need for efforts to increase productivity are summarized Based on the results of this study, Korea Franchise companies in the industry, Japan IS overseas expansion strategy franchise industry awareness of cultural differences in the institutional environment and the strategy should be considered.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.145-153
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• 2019

The present study is a discussion in which the flow of 'social and cultural values' inherent in the creative advertising story is considered against Bart's symbolism and the creative symbol system, and attempted to reproduce the work through the cognitive thinking of the inmates. The interaction of correct social and cultural communication is not just a strategy for persuasion and effectiveness. Starting with these issues, I thought that experiencing the 'symbolic production' and 'cognition interpretation' of the most creative, aesthetic and implicit advertising stories was the realization of concrete cultural values. The reason why I pay attention to advertising as a target tool of the original school is that it gives anyone access to the social and cultural values based on the productivity of meaning, the sharing of meaning and social small-call work by paying attention to the most implicit symbols in a short period of time. I also think that with the trend of the times, it is well worth it as a tool of positive communication for social and cultural member harmony and solving future problems. The reality of social and cultural advertising stories conducted in conjunction with the analysis of meaning at the cognitive thought level is very appropriate to apply in creative classes for college students. The Dong-A Ilbo is a discussion that suggested that the work of realizing the cognitive meaning of advertising stories, a "symbol complex" based on creativity in a complex, multi-media era, will become an age-old communication tool to join university students' strategies for solving future problems