• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2017

Mastitis is a common and serious infection of the mammary gland in dairy cattle and has a major economic impact on the production of milk and dairy products. Bacterial mastitis is caused by several pathogens and is most frequently associated with coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). Although CNS are typically associated with subclinical or mild mastitis, the importance of CNS has increased as these pathogens have emerged as predominant mastitis-related pathogens in many countries. CNS can cause persistent infections, resulting in increased milk somatic cell counts and thereby affecting milk quality and decreasing milk production. Globally, Staphylococcus chromogenes, S. epidermidis, and S. simulans are the predominant CNS species in dairy cattle mastitis. Antibacterial resistance of CNS varies with species, and most CNS are susceptible to vancomycin and resistant to penicillin and tetracycline. As the most frequently isolated CNS species, some strains of S. chromogenes exhibit phenotypic resistance to ampicillin, erythromycin, oxacillin, penicillin, and tetracycline. Some strains of S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus are only susceptible to vancomycin and rifampicin. Therefore, more studies are needed to achieve the control and prevention of CNS as environmental pathogens.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 2001년도 Proceedings of 2001 International Symposium
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• pp.163-164
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• 2001

A number of bacterial species produce extracellular lipases. Among them, many lipase genes have been cloned and sequenced. A comparison of primary sequences revealed only very limited sequence homology among them. Based on the sequence homologies and molecular sizes (Mr), bacterial lipases were classified into four discrete groups. From soil samples taken around Taejon, five different lipase-producing bacteria were isolated; Proteus vulgaris K80, Bacillus stearothermophilus Ll, B. pumilus B26, Staphylococcus haemolyticus L62, S. aureus B56. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed that Staphylococcus lipase genes (L62 and B56) composed of pre-pro-mature parts, Bacillus lipase genes (Ll and B26) pre-mature parts, and Proteus lipase gene (K80) mature part only. In addition, the molecular sizes of their mature parts were quite different from 19,000 to 45,000. Finally, they had very little homology (less than 20％) in their amino acid sequences. Judging from the above results, lipase K80 belonged to bacterial lipase Group I, lipase L1 and lipase B26 Group III, and lipase L62 and lipase B56 Group IV. This diversity in their primary structures was also reflected in their enzymatic properties; temperature effects, pH effects, substrate specificity, detergent effects, and so on.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.792-804
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• 2023

Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS), particularly antimicrobial-resistant NAS, have a substantial impact on human and animal health. In the current study, we investigated (1) the species profiles of NAS isolates collected from healthy broilers, farm environments, and farm workers in Korea, (2) the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant NAS isolates, especially methicillin resistance, and (3) the genetic factors involved in the methicillin and fluoroquinolone resistance. In total, 216 NAS isolates of 16 different species were collected from healthy broilers (n=178), broiler farm environments (n=18), and farm workers (n=20) of 20 different broiler farms. The two most dominant broiler-associated NAS species were Staphylococcus agnetis (23.6%) and Staphylococcus xylosus (22.9%). Six NAS isolates were mecA-positive carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) II (n=1), SCCmec IV (n=1), SCCmec V (n=2), or nontypeable SCCmec element (n=2). While two mecA-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from farm workers had SCCmec II and IV, a mecA-positive S. epidermidis isolate from broiler and a Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolate farm environment carried SCCmec V. The occurrence of multidrug resistance was observed in 48.1% (104/216 isolates) of NAS isolates with high resistance rates to β-lactams (>40%) and fusidic acid (59.7%). Fluoroquinolone resistance was confirmed in 59 NAS isolates (27.3%), and diverse mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE were identified. These findings suggest that NAS in broiler farms may have a potential role in the acquisition, amplification, and transmission of antimicrobial resistance.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 1983

The distribution of slide coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitic milk samples was investigated mainly according to Kloos and Schleifer's classification scheme, and toxigenic and enzymatic characteristics of these strains were also examined. One-hundred-and-twenty-one strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated were classified into 8 species. Of these species, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staph. xylosus, Staph. haemolyticus and Staph. simulans were more frequently found in bovine mastitic milk samples, and toxin and enzyme production of these species were observed in relatively high frequency. Staph. hyicus subsp. hyicus was isolated from the 4 quarters with clinical mastitis included in this investigation. By the use of Baird-Parker and Pelzer's classification system, 44.6% and 18.2% of the strains could not be classified in any subgroup, respectively.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

거미는 육식동물로 구강의 소화라는 독특한 방법을 통하여 곤충을 비롯한 작은 동물을 먹이자원으로 이용한다. 거미의 독샘에 함유되어 있는 단백질 분해 효소 환만 아니라 소화관에 존재하는 미생물도 거미의 소화에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 추정된다. 본 연구에서는 한국산 무당거미(Nephila clavata)의 소화관내 미생물 군집의 분포와 단백질 및 지질 분해능을 확인하고, 거미의 장내 미생물을 분리 .동정하고자 하였다. 한국산 무당거미의 소화관에 존재하는 총 개체수는 거미 18개체를 통합하여 처리하였을 때와 개체별로 처리하였을 때 모두 거미 한 마리당 $10^3-10^5$CFUs 로 매우 유사하였다. 계수된 미생물 중에서 90% 이상이 단백질 또는 지질 분해능을 나타내었다. 그리고 계수된 미생물 중에서 군종별로 1균주씩 순수 분리하였고, 분리된 미생물 중 63.3%가 각각 단백질 또는 지질 분해능을 나타내었고, 이중 50%의 균주는 단백질과 지질 분해능을 동시에 함유하는 것으로 나타났다. 형태적, 생리 .생화학적 방법을 통하여 동정한 결과, 11종류의 그람음성균(Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, A. haemolyticus, Aicaligenes faecalis, Cedecea davisae, C. neteri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Serratia marcescens, Stenotraphamonas maltophilia, Suttonella indologenes)과 11종류의 그람양성균(Bacillus cereus, B. coagulans, B. pasteurii, B. thuringiensis, Cellulomonas flavigena, Corynebacterium martruchotii, Enterococcus durans, E. faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus huminis, S. sciuri)으로 분류되었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.361-368
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• 2011

The growth rate of piglets will be decreased and the mortality of piglets will be increased in the postpartum sow with mastitis. The aim of this study was to isolate microorganisms from milk samples found in postpartum sows with suckling piglets and to further investigate antimicrobial susceptibility against isolated bacteria. Milk samples were collected from 567 udders of 42 lactating sows and the isolated bacteria was then identified. Isolated bacteria were tested with 12 antimicrobial agents. Bacteria were isolated from 260 milk samples (64.5%). Staphylococcus spp. were the most common microorganisms (74.5%) isolated from sow milk, followed by Streptococcus hyicus (53.9%), Staphylococcus epidermis (11.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.8%), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (53.9%). In the Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae (5.1%) was isolated as was Streptococcus sanguinis (3.8%) and Streptococcus ovis (2.9%). Results indicated that bacteria isolated from healthy sow milk were mostly susceptible to cephalothin (88.0%), amikacin (85.3%) and cefoxitin (82.4%), but were resistant to streptomycin (10.0%), kanamycin (33.1%) and tetracycline (19.6%).

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2004

Samples of milk were collected from 425 halves of 216 dairy goats in Chonnam province over a period of January through August 2003. Bacterial isolation was carried out on those samples, and their antimicrobial susceptibility was tested. Bacteria were isolated from 166 milk samples (39.1%), either singly (74.7%) or in combination (25.3%). Of the 220 isolates, Staphylococcus spp. was the most prevalent (82.6%), followed by Streptococcus spp. (2.7%), Corynebacterium spp. (1.8%), Enterococcus spp. (1.8%), and Pasteurella spp. (1.8%). Of the 11 species identified from the 182 isolates of Staphylococcus spp., the most frequent species identified were S. epidermidis (28.6%) followed by S. chromogens (14.8%), S. haemolyticus (12.6%), S. aureus (12.1%), S. capitis (8.2%), S. lentus (8.2%), S. hyicus (4.4%), S. simulans (4.4%), S. caprae (2.8%), S. hominis (2.8%) and S. warneri (1.1%). Antimicrobial sensitivity test revealed that most isolates were highly susceptible to 11 antimicrobial agents (96.4 ~ 80.9%), while most isolates were resistant to penicillin.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2003

We isolated and cultured bacteria that inhabited marine biofilms, and identified them by phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequences. In the marine environment, biofilms cover most subtidal and intertidal solid surfaces such as rocks, ships, loops, marine animals, and algae. The bacteria in most biofilms are embedded in extracellular polymeric substances that comprise mainly of exopolysaccharides. The exopolysaccharides are excreted from multiple bacterial species; therefore, biofilms are a good source for screening exopolysaccharide-producing bacteria. Thirty-one strains were cultured, and a total of 17 unique strains were identified. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequences indicated that the 17 strains belonged to ${\alpha}$-Proteobacteria (Ochrobactrum anthropi, Paracoccus carotinifaciens); ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria (Pseudoalteromonas agarovorans, P. piscicida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shewanella baltica, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. pomeroyi); CFB group bacteria (Cytophaga latercula, Tenacibaculum mesophilum); high GC, Gram-positive bacteria (Arthrobacter nicotianae, Brevibacterium casei, B. epidermidis, Tsukamurella inchonensis); and low GC, Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus macroides, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, S. warneri).

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2021

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a typical group of microorganisms, and the recent advances in laboratory technology and medicine has dramatically modified their significance in medical practice. CoNS, which were previously classified as normal bacterial flora, have recently been reported to be associated with serious infectious diseases, such as surgical wound infection or periprosthetic joint infection. Representative CoNS include Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, and S. saprophyticus, which are known to cause serious problems in biomaterial-based and prosthetic device infections, as well as to cause simple urinary tract infections in sexually active women. Over the last decade, the clinical isolation rate of CoNS has been increasing, and antibiotic resistance has also been occurring. This review aimed to investigate the incidence of CoNS infection and to use the results as basic data for the management of CoNS, with a focus on the isolation rate and antibiotic resistance in clinical surgery.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2022

제주특별자치도에 위치한 대중음식점에서 제공하는 일회용 물티슈를 대상으로 식품의약품안전처장이 정하는 표시사항을 준수하는지 여부와 세균의 오염도를 평가하였다. 일회용 물티슈 32종류 중 5 종류의 일회용 물티슈는 영업소의 명칭 및 소재지가 표기되어 있지 않았다. 제조연월일과 유통기한은 12 종류의 물티슈만 표시 되어있었다. 일회용 물티슈 32종류 중 9종류의 물티슈에서 세균 집락이 배양되었으며, 23종류(71.9%)의 물티슈에서는 세균이 배양되지 않았다. 세균을 동정한 결과 그람양성알균은 Staphylococcus haemolyticus 4균주, Staphylococcus hominis 1균주, Staphylococcus warneri 3균주, 그람음성막대균은 Pseudomonas fluorescens 1균주로 동정되었다. 동정된 그람양성알균 8균주에 대한 항균제감수성검사를 시행한 결과 oxacillin, vancomycin 감수성으로 MRCNS(methicillin resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci)는 발견되지 않았으며, 동정된 그람음성막대균 1균주에 대한 항균제감수성검사 결과는 imipenem, meropenem에 모두 감수성으로 다약제내성균은 아니었다. 본 연구를 통해 위생용품으로 지정된 일회용 물티슈 개별 포장지 겉면에 반드시 제조년월일과 유통기한을 표기하고, 보관기준을 준수하여 오염되지 않은 깨끗한 물티슈를 사용해야 한다고 사료된다. 또한 위생관리 감독 강화와 개선방안 및 개인 위생관리 및 국민보건 수준향상에 기여하고자 한다.