• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.47-82
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• 2019

Pennsylvania is one of the states that adopted the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM) and crafted its own standards (The PA Core State Standards). Pennsylvania teachers are required to have a clear understanding of the PA Core Standards. It is timely and appropriate to study Pennsylvania teachers' beliefs, as the standards have been adopted and implemented for several years since the revision of the PA Core Standards (2014). This study examined how eight western Pennsylvania elementary school teachers' beliefs about teaching and learning mathematics related to the SMP. To this end, I conducted an in-depth interview with each participating teacher. The in-depth interviews featured the teachers' overarching mathematical instructional goals and their productive beliefs. Furthermore, I linked these beliefs with the CCSSM Standards for Mathematical Practice (SMP).

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2015

본 연구는 지금까지 해외 및 국내에서 진행되어온 표준(standards)과 기술혁신(technological innovation)의 연관성에 대한 연구동향과 주요 연구과제를 파악하고 전망한다. 먼저 표준과 기술혁신의 상호작용에 관한 쟁점을 다루고 혁신단계별 및 혁신유형별로 표준의 역할과 관련된 쟁점들을 파악한 다음, 거시적 및 제도적 차원에서 표준과 기술혁신의 관계를 다룬다. 이를 토대로 기술혁신연구 금번 특집호에 실린 표준 관련 논문들을 구분하고 소개한다. 마지막으로 표준과 기술혁신에 대한 향후 연구과제를 전망한다. 아직도 국내에서 표준 및 표준화에 대한 경제적 측면에서의 연구가 매우 미흡한 상황에서 본 연구는 연구동기를 자극할 뿐만 아니라 앞으로의 연구방향을 제시할 수 있을 것이다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제29권
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• pp.11.1-11.7
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• 2014

Objectives South Korea's air quality standards are insufficient in terms of establishing a procedure for their management. The current system lacks a proper decision-making process and prior evidence is not considered. The purpose of this study is to propose a measure for establishing atmospheric environmental standards in South Korea that will take into consideration the health of its residents. Methods In this paper, the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) of the US was examined in order to suggest ways, which consider health effects, to establish air quality standards in South Korea. Up-to-date research on the health effects of air pollution was then reviewed, and tools were proposed to utilize the key results. This was done in an effort to ensure the reliability of the standards with regard to public health. Results This study showed that scientific research on the health effects of air pollution and the methodology used in the research have contributed significantly to establishing air quality standards. However, as the standards are legally binding, the procedure should take into account the effects on other sectors. Realistically speaking, it is impossible to establish standards that protect an entire population from air pollution. Instead, it is necessary to find a balance between what should be done and what can be done. Conclusions Therefore, establishing air quality standards should be done as part of an evidence-based policy that identifies the health effects of air pollution and takes into consideration political, economic, and social contexts.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.433-452
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study is to give ergonomists the brief summary of the recently published ISO standards on human-system interaction and tips for application of the standards. Background: Standard developers did hard work on developing a standard in a concise manner. But most of standards are often bulky in volume. Readers of the standards are difficult to catch key points from the voluminous contents of standards and intermingle among them. Method: Focused on newly developed display/control technology, this study reviewed the 14 ISO standards on human-system interaction published during 2008-2013 and summarized key points from them. Results: Schematic diagrams and tables concisely illustrated the processes, procedures, dimensions, or best practices recommended by the standards concerning conception, design, and usability testing for consumer products. Conclusion: The standards provided the minimum level of requirements on design and evaluation on the physical input devices, electronic displays, and control interfaces based on the current state of technology. But the minimum requirements specified in the standards nowadays become mandatory ergonomic requirements in global trade world. Application: Ergonomists can take a quick and broad view on international standardization activities on newly developed display/control technology from this summary study.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.264-274
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• 2009

Purpose: This study is to develop job standards in order to propose proper job level of the advanced nurse practitioners and apply the results to the work and enhance the expertism. Method: This study is a methodical study. The validity was examined by using the content validity index(CVI). Result: The pre-items of job standards for advanced health insurance review nurses were established and the final job standards comprising of 12 standards, 46 criteria, 92 indicators, 418 activities were determined after the examination by the advisory group. The validity of the job standards were examined for two times by the seven professionals. The relevance of the modified job standards was examined by the working level employees above the assistant manager position working in the general hospitals and the result was 93.14% relevance. The job standards comprising of 12 standards, 46 criteria, 89 indicator and 409 activities were developed. Conclusions: By the development of the job standards, it is expected to prove that advanced health insurance review nurses are the most suitable professionals for dealing with medical affairs such as management and propriety evaluation of medical expenses while defining the roles of advanced health insurance review nurses.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회 논문지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.99-113
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• 1999

국가 GIS가 주요 정보 인프라 역할을 수행하기 위해서는 구축되는 공간정보에 대한 표준화가 필수적이다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 국가 GIS 표준화 내용은 어떤 것이어야 하며 어떠한 방향으로 추진되어야 하는지를 제시하고자 한다. 미국, 호주, 일본, 영국의 국가 GIS 표준화 동향과 ISO/TC211, OGC의 표준화 과정을 분석한 결과, 첫째 국가 GIS 표준화는 지리정보 표준과 지리정보 서비스 표준의 두 방향으로 추진되어야 하며, 둘째 ISO/TC211 프로파일을 바탕으로 국가 GIS 표준을 개발하는 것이 바람직하며, 셋째 각 지리정보 표준은 UML을 이용한 개체-관계 (Entity-Relationship) 모델을 통해 명확히 표현되어야 하며, 넷째 지리정보 서비스 표준화 연구에 적극적인 관심을 가져야 할 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 국가 GIS 표준의 내용을 지리정보 내용 및 내용 분류, 심볼 및 표현, 지리정보 가용성, 공간참조체계, 정확성, 용어표준으로 구성되는 $\ulcorner$지리정보 표준$\lrcorner$과 지리정보 공유 서비스 (데이터 전송, 데이터 접근, 데이터 취득), 지리정보 사용자 편의 서비스 (데이터 분석 및 관리, 데이터 품질관리, 데이터 표현)로 구성되는 $\ulcorner$지리정보 서비스 표준$\lrcorner$의 두 가지 부문으로 범주화하여 국가 GIS 표준화를 추진할 것을 제안하였다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.41-57
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of our study is to compare and analyze the standards for the 2nd cycle of Evaluation and Accreditation system on institute of Korean Medicine Education & Evaluation (2nd IKMEE standards) and WHO guidelines for quality assurance of Traditional Medicine Education in the Western Pacific Region (WHO/WPRO guidelines) around the global standards of World Federation for Medical Education for basic medical education (WFME standard) to identify the shortcomings and improvements of 2nd IKMEE standards. Method : Each article of 2015 revised WFME standard was translated and summarized with focus on its core content. The next step was to review and analyze the corresponding contents of 2nd IKMEE standards in 2016 and the WHO/WPRO guidelines in 2005 for each item, focusing on the WFME standards. Results : All items in the fields of 3. assessment of students and 7. program evaluation in the WFME domain were absent from the 2nd IKMEE standards, and almost none of the WHO/WPRO guidelines. Most items in 1. the mission and outcomes domain, except for some items in the 1.1 mission field, the items of 2.6~2.8 fields in 2. education program domain, the items of 4. student domain except for the items of 4.3 student counseling and support field, and almost all items about quality development in WFME standards did not have a corresponding item in both the 2nd IKMEE standards and the WHO/WPRO standards. Conclusion : 1. The WFME standards are applicable to the criteria development of IKMEE standards. Several items of the WFME standards may need to be modified to apply the educational characteristics of Korean medicine, but consensus or further study is required. 2. Both the 2nd IKMEE standards and the WHO/WPRO standards are very insufficient to meet the WFME standards. In particular, 3. assessment of students and 7. program evaluation in the WFME domain were not in the 2nd IKMEE standards. This standard needs to be supplemented.

• 기술표준
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• 통권49호
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• pp.112-113
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• 2006

• 기술표준
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• 통권49호
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• pp.123-126
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• 2006

• 기술표준
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• 통권49호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2006