• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.140-145
• /
• 2016

Ophiocordyceps sinensis is a natural fungus that has been valued as a health food and used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. The fungus is parasitic and colonizes insect larva. Naturally occurring O. sinensis thrives at high altitude in cold and grassy alpine meadows on the Himalayan mountain ranges. Wild Ophiocordyceps is becoming increasingly rare in its natural habitat, and its price limits its use in clinical practice. Therefore, the development of a standardized alternative is a great focus of research to allow the use of Ophiocordyceps as a medicine. To develop an alternative for wild Ophiocordyceps, a refined standardized extract, CBG-CS-2, was produced by artificial fermentation and extraction of the mycelial strain Paecilomyces hepiali CBG-CS-1, which originated from wild O. sinensis. In this study, we analyzed the in vitro immune-modulating effect of CBG-CS-2 on natural killer cells and B and T lymphocytes. CBG-CS-2 stimulated splenocyte proliferation and enhanced Th1-type cytokine expression in the mouse splenocytes. Importantly, in vitro CBG-CS-2 treatment enhanced the killing activity of the NK-92MI natural killer cell line. These results indicate that the mycelial culture extract prepared from Ophiocordyceps exhibits immune-modulating activity, as was observed in vivo and this suggests its possible use in the treatment of diseases caused by abnormal immune function.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.6 no.6
• /
• pp.456-461
• /
• 2014

PURPOSE. Translucency and colour stability are two most important aspects for an aesthetic dental restoration. Glass ceramic restorations are popular amongst clinicians because of their superior aesthetic properties. In the last decade, zirconia has generated tremendous interest due to its favorable mechanical and biological properties. However, zirconia lacks the translucency that lithium disilicate materials possess and therefore has limitations in its use, especially in esthetically demanding situations. There has been a great thrust in research towards developing translucent zirconia materials for dental restorations. The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the transmittance of a translucent variant of zirconia to lithium disilicate. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two commercially available zirconia materials (conventional and high translucency) and 2 lithium disilicate materials (conventional and high translucency) with standardized dimensions were fabricated. Transmittance values were measured for all samples followed by a microstructural analysis using a finite element scanning electron microscope. One way analysis of variance combined with a Tukey-post hoc test was used to analyze the data obtained (P=.05). RESULTS. High translucency lithium disilicate showed highest transmittance of all materials studied, followed by conventional lithium disilicate, high translucency zirconia and conventional zirconia. The difference between all groups of materials was statistically significant. The transmittance of the different materials correlated to their microstructure analysis. CONCLUSION. Despite manufacturers' efforts to make zirconia significantly more translucent, the transmittance values of these materials still do not match conventional lithium disilicate. More research is required on zirconia towards making the material more translucent for its potential use as esthetic monolithic restoration.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.5.1-5.8
• /
• 2020

Objectives: The obturation quality of MTA, Biodentine, Total Fill BC root canal sealer (RCS), and warm gutta-percha (WGP) in teeth with simulated internal root resorption (IRR) was evaluated by using micro-computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Standardized IRR cavities were created using 40 extracted maxillary central incisor teeth and randomly assigned into 4 groups (n = 10). IRR cavities were filled with MTA, Biodentine, Total Fill BC RCS (bulk-fill form) and WGP + Total Fill BC RCS. Percentage of voids between resorptive cavity walls and obturation material (external void), and inside the filling materials (internal voids) were measured. Results: Total Fill BC sealer in the bulk-fill form presented significantly highest values of external and internal void percentages (p < 0.05). Biodentine showed a significantly lowest external void percentage (p < 0.05). WGP + Total Fill BC RCS presented significantly lower values of internal void percentages than all groups (p < 0.05), except Biodentine (p > 0.05). Conclusion: None of the filling materials were created void-free obturation in resorption cavities. Biodentine may favor its application in teeth with IRR over Angelus MTA and bulkfill form of Total Fill BC.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2023

In this study, we present a system for identifying equivalent grades of standardized wire rod steel based on alloy composition using machine learning techniques. The system comprises two models, one based on a supervised multi-class classification algorithm and the other based on unsupervised autoencoder algorithm. Our evaluation showed that the supervised model exhibited superior performance in terms of prediction stability and reliability of prediction results. This system provides a useful tool for non-experts seeking similar grades of steel based on alloy composition.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2015

Additive Manufacturing defines the fabrication of objects by successive consolidation of materials, layer by layer, according to a three-dimensional design. The numerous technologies available today were recently standardized into seven categories based on the general method. Each technology has its own set of advantages and limitations. Though it very much depends on the field of application, major assets of additive manufacturing compared to conventional processing routes are the ability to readily offer complexity (in terms of intricate shape and customization) and significant reduction of waste. On the other hand, additive manufacturing often suffers of relatively low production rates. Anyhow, additive manufacturing technologies is being given outstanding attention. In particular, metal additive manufacturing emerges as of great significance in industries like aerospace, automotive and tooling. The trend progresses toward full production of high value finished products.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
• /
• 2006.09b
• /
• pp.792-793
• /
• 2006

In the paper, the influence of different particle size $D:D>125{\mu}m$, $D<50{\mu}m$ and between on magnetic properties of a standardized dielectromagnetic is presented. The tests were taken at frequencies of between 50Hz, and 500Hz. Presented in the paper results provide important materials property data to allow the selection of the most appropriate dielectromagnetic particle size for different applications.

• 보존과학연구
• /
• s.28
• /
• pp.169-182
• /
• 2007

It is very difficult to attain stable and satisfactory result satisfaction from newly developed materials and methodologies for conservation of cultural properties. In order for an effective conservation method, it is necessary that the manual for application of the proper materials and its methodology should be set up. However, stone conservation value must be established in advance of the manual, because the philosophical concepts and the technical methodology are not standardized. In this study, therefore, the conservators' opinion about the conservation for stone artifacts was collected. The opinions were based on the questionnaire about cleaning of surface contamination on masonry, and hereafter those will be referred to the conservation method about stone artifacts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.130-135
• /
• 2001

In this study, I have researched into the causes of defects in apartment house, The results of this study are listed below. (1) Water leakages which result from land sinking and cracks, results of misuse of back filling method, are the main reason of defects in civil engineering work and architectural work. (2) Inexperience and unwillingness are the main reason of defects in plaster work. (3) In windows work and painting work, the main reasons are lacks of precision construction and efflorescence resulting from outdoor air, respectively. (4) Defects in waterproofing work and electric work result from fault construction by low unit Costs. (5) Equipment work requires uses of standardized construction materials and management, and landscape architecture work requires minimizing human mistakes, for instance, degin carelessness. For the reasons stated above, the causes of defects in apartment house are insufficient construction labors, inferior construction materials, urgent construction process time, and conscientiousless industrialists who only seek after a profit margin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2023.11a
• /
• pp.107-108
• /
• 2023

In this study, the tensile adhesion strength was evaluated according to KS F 4932 to assess the suitability of MMA-based repair materials for concrete roads. Two types of MMA were used. Mortar mock-ups were made and tested for adhesion strength in three different surface conditions: air, water, and salt water. Both showed strengths above the standardized strength of 0.6 MPa. Type B, which has a relatively low adhesion strength, is considered more suitable.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.466-476
• /
• 2006

Purpose : Colonization of denture soft lining materials by Candida albicans can result in clinical problem, and deterioration of the materials. This study aimed to compare the retention and penetration of C. albicans into four denture soft lining materials commonly used. Materials and methods : Four denture soft lining materials (Coe-comfort$^{(R)}$, Coe-soft$^{(R)}$, GC soft liner$^{(R)}$, and Tissue conditioner$^{(R)}$) discs were prepared to glass slide and dental stone. Adherence of yeast to surfaces was monitored after one hour incubation of standardized washed cell suspension with test disc surfaces. Adherent cells stained with acridine orange were counted fluorescence microscopy. Penetration of yeast into materials bonded with acrylic resin after 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6 and 7 days incubation was observed through sections stained using acridine orange and estimated to quantitative analysis using radioisotope. Results : There was statistical significance in cell numbers between smooth and rough surfaces(p<0.05). Higher numbers of cells were observed on rough surfaces. There was statistical significance in adherent cell numbers into smooth and rough surfaces individually(p<0.05). According to the increase of incubation periods, the cells penetrated into denture soft lining materials were shown to increase. The differences among all kinds of soft liner were statistically significant(p<0.05),and the largest number of cells penetrated into soft liners was observed in the Coe-soft$^{(R)}$. Conclusion : Initial adherence and penetration of yeast into denture soft lining materials has been influenced by surface roughness and chemical composition of them. The selection of appropriate materials and their fabrication may promote clinical performance.