• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.356-362
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• 2015

Many burial sites were constructed in a short time to prevent the rapid spread of foot and mouth disease in infected livestock carcasses in Korea. More than 4,700 carcass burial sites were constructed in 2011. Approximately seven million poultry and 3.5 million livestock, including cattle and swine, were buried on farmland. Some burial sites were suspected of leachate leakage and were excavated and carcasses redisposed in a bioaugmentation process. This study performed interviews in order to understand the economic issues related to carcass burial and redisposal. The internal data from local government and the assumption data from online sites were analyzed to evaluate the costs; the focus was on burial site construction. The results showed that the local government paid $4.7 and $10.9 per carcass for traditional burial and redisposal. The comparable costs shown online were $4.5. This study found that the standard operating procedures should be carried out to reduce environmental impact and avoid additional costs. We estimated that the cost could be reduced by the advance preparations of materials against the emergency situations such as catastrophe of epidemics. In addition, the innovative technology for the stabilization of carcasses should be established through a future study.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.224-233
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• 2012

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) is a systematic preventative approach for food safety and is generally used in food industry to identify potential food safety hazards. Recently, the Korean Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries planed to applicate HACCP programs as an effective approach to food safety and protecting public health at the aquaculture farm of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. For the purpose, it need to identify what kinds of hazards are in the aquaculture farm. In the present study, we established Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOP), which addresses sanitation conditions and practices in the aquaculture farm. SSOP is essential prerequisite programs of HACCP to reduce or eliminate the risk of the hazards being realized. We anticipate that the HACCP programs of aquaculture farm will contribute to supply foods in safety to consumers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권8호
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• pp.722-731
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of non-heat-processed foods for implementation of a HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) system in day-care center foodservice operations. The evaluating points were microbial assessment of foods, utensils, and employee's hands during preparation, cooking, and serving. The temperature of non-heated food being served was also measured. Microbiological quality was assessed using 3 M Petrifilm/syp TM/ to measure total plate count and coliforms for food and utensils and Staphylococcus aureus for hands in five Gumi day-care centers. Results showed low microbiological quality of non-heated foods. This was probably due to contaminated raw ingredients and cross-contamination that occurred during preparation and cooking (e.g., unsatisfactory washing and disinfection of raw materials and utensils). These results suggest that it is essential to educate employees on good personal hygiene (hand washing) , prevention of cross-contamination through use of properly washed and sanitized utensils, and proper washing and disinfection of raw vegetables. Establishing Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOPs) are an essential part of any RACCP system in day-care center foodservice operations.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.104-114
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• 1999

This study was conducted to find out the proper ways of implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) concepts applicable to the current Korean food inspection system. The following recommendations are based on an in-depth review of the Canadian Food Safety Enhancement Program (FSEP), which is one of the leading HACCP programs adapted to the food industry. Since 1997, the HACCP system has been voluntarily applied to meat processing plants in Korea in accordance with the Food Protection Law. But the guidelines are obscure and inadequate to expand to the diversity of food plants, and are therefore only applied to a limited number of plants of small scale enterprise. For these reasons, it is necessary to prepare an enhanced food safety control program focused not only on the HACCP plants but also on the non-HACCP plants. The national program should be the fundamental framework of a food safety control policy enforced by all the relevant authorities. The Prerequiste Program of Canadian Food Inspection Agency and Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOP) of FSIS are good example programs for the non-HACCP plants. These programs, which are a major part of the HACCP system, could easily be adapted to the Korean food industry. To improve the current HACCP implementation guideline, it is necessary to develop a detailed implementation manual, generic HACCP model, training program, and an audit program.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.138-148
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• 2016

Measurement of elastic constants is crucial for engineering aspects of predicting the behavior of materials under load as well as structural health monitoring of material degradation. Ultrasonic velocity measurement for material properties has been broadly used as a nondestructive evaluation method for material characterization. In particular, pulse-echo method has been extensively utilized as it is not only simple but also effective when only one side of the inspected objects is accessible. However, the conventional technique in this approach measures longitudinal and shear waves individually to obtain their velocities. This produces a set of two data for each measurement. This paper proposes a simultaneous sensing system of longitudinal waves and shear waves for elastic constant measurement. The proposed system senses both these waves simultaneously as a single overlapped signal, which is then analyzed to calculate both the ultrasonic velocities for obtaining elastic constants. Therefore, this system requires just half the number of data to obtain elastic constants compared to the conventional individual measurement. The results of the proposed simultaneous measurement had smaller standard deviations than those in the individual measurement. These results validate that the proposed approach improves the efficiency and reliability of ultrasonic elastic constant measurement by reducing the complexity of the measurement system, its operating procedures, and the number of data.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.562-570
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• 2019

Objectives: Rapid Intervention Crews (RIC) are indispensable for rescuing firefighters who are lost or trapped. They are included in Disaster Scene Standard Operating Procedures. This study was conducted to examine the use of RIC at emergency scenes in South Korea. Methods: We conducted a nationwide survey of 4,913 firefighters in South Korea. The firefighters' experiences of use of RICs were assessed by asking, "How often are RICs available at fires?" Results: A full 40.8% of firefighters answered that they 'never' have RICs available at fires. Another 8.4% responded that they 'always' have RICs available, which is much lower than the rate among US firefighters (19.9%). RICs are available more often for firefighters in the capital area than for firefighters outside the capital area (13.4% vs. 5.1%, p<0.001). The larger the jurisdiction served, the more likely the firefighters were to have RICs available (p<0.001). Conclusions: These results imply that firefighters in South Korea are at risk. It is necessary to recruit personnel to improve the use of RICs and to explicitly include RICs in SOPs, training, and business plans.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.533-540
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• 2010

활성탄소를 가지고 수용액으로부터 전이금속이온을 제거 능력에 대해 시험했다. 탄소의 물리적, 화학적 그리고 액체-상 흡착 특징은 다음의 기준 절차로 수행하였다. Ni(II), Cu(II) 그리고 Fe(III)이온의 제거 연구는 흡착물질의 양, 금속이온 용액의 pH, 배치 모드에서 시간을 다양하게 하여 시도되었다. 평균 흡착 데이터는 Freundlich와 Langmuir로 맞춰졌고 등온 상수는 계산되었다. 다른 세가지 금속 이온의 평균 시간은 결정되었다. pH는 흡착에 있어서 중요한 역할을 하는 것을 발견했다. 이 과정은 흡열반응이었고, 열역학 인자는 계산되었다. 흡착 연구는 이온교환 메커니즘이 작용되는 것을 나타내고 있다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2015

In accordance with global energy conservation policies such as MEPS (Minimum Energy Performance Standard), electric motor industry is moving to super-high-efficiency machines and research to develop IE4 (International Energy Efficiency Class 4) motors has been launched. In this situation, SynRM (Synchronous Reluctance Motor) has been attracting attention in place of induction motor which hardly provides super premium efficiency. As a result, much research on SynRM is being performed at home and abroad. Also, some products have already been appearing in the market. Compared to induction motor, SynRM has better efficiency per unit area and wider operating range. Although the utilization of control system in synchronous motor results in higher prices, we still need to concentrate on developments of SynRM so as to comply with the new policies. This study demonstrated the electromagnetic design methods of super premium SynRM while maintaining the frame of existing IE3 induction motor. We documented the design procedures for generating high saliency which is the most essential and mechanical stress anlaysis is also treated. In conclusion, we proved the validity of our design by manufacturing and testing our 3 models.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.647-658
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• 2003

Foodservice at elementary schools has been provided nation-wide. It is predictable that foodborne diseases would increase continuously. Formation of a counterplan is urgently needed. This study was designed to identify the stage which contains the critical control points (CCPs) for the microbiological management of HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) at the foodservice provided at elementary schools. Foodservice places at four elementary schools in Seoul were sampled and the overall hygiene of cooking, utensils and equipment, employees, and environment by season were examined. The results showed that the number of bacteria in overall samples was increased and that E. coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus by biochemical test emerged in more diverse samples in summer than in spring. Particularly, the number of aerial bacteria in summer was three-fold greater than that in either spring or winter. E. coli 0157 was not detected, although Salmonella was identified by PCR analysis in the meat knives, chopping boards, waste bins and meat dish at elementary school foodservice. According to this data, cross-contamination should be managed in the stage of mixing up the ingredients with improper equipments and insanitary treatments. Thus, the establishment of SSOP (Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures) and GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) at elementary school foodservice is stringently required, along with sanitation education for workers and employees as CCPs.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.631-637
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• 2022

Objective: Surface disinfection is important in the proper running of livestock farms. However, disinfection of farm equipment and facilities is difficult because they are made of different materials, besides having large surface areas and complex structures. 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (Si-QAC) is a quaternary ammonium salt-based disinfectant that attaches to various surfaces by forming covalent bonds and maintains its disinfecting capacity for a considerable time. Our aim was to evaluate the potential use of Si-QAC for disinfection of farm equipment and facilities. Methods: The short- and long-term antimicrobial and antiviral effects of Si-QAC were evaluated in both laboratory and farm settings using modified quantitative assessment method based on the standard operating procedures of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Results: Si-QAC was highly effective in controlling the growth of the Newcastle disease virus and avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Electron microscopy revealed that the mechanism underlying the disinfection activity of Si-QAC was associated with its ability to damage the outer membrane of the pathogen cells. In the field test, Si-QAC effectively reduced viral contamination of surfaces of equipment and space. Conclusion: Our results suggest that Si-QAC has great potential as an effective chemical for disinfecting farm equipment and facilities. This disinfectant could retain its disinfection ability longer than other commercial disinfectants and contribute to better farm biosecurity.